急性心肌梗塞和不稳定性心绞痛血浆纤维蛋白肽A动态变化的比较

观察了１２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）和２５例不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＡ）患者血浆纤维蛋白肽Ａ（ＦＰＡ）的动态变化。结果表明：（１）９１．７％的ＡＭＩ患者在发病最初３天血浆ＦＰＡ明显升高，以发病１２小时内升高最为显著，发病后第７天基本恢复正常。（２）６８％的ＵＡ患者在症状期入院的第１天血浆ＦＰＡ明显升高，入院后第３天ＦＰＡ降至正常，其ＦＰＡ升高的幅度和持续时间均小于ＡＭＩ患者。表明ＡＭＩ较ＵＡ患者其病变的冠脉内有更强的促凝的病理因素和更高的血栓形成的发生率。     

急性心肌梗塞和不稳定性心绞痛血浆纤维蛋白肽A动态变化…

观察了１２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）和２５例不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＡ）患者血浆纤维蛋白肽Ａ（ＦＰＡ）的动态变化。结果表明：（１）９１．７％的ＡＭＩ患者在发病最初３天血浆ＦＰＡ明显升高，以发病１２小时内升高最为显著，发病后第７天基本恢复正常。（２）６８％的ＵＡ患者在症状期入院的第１天血浆ＦＰＡ明显升高，入院后第３天ＦＰＡ降至正常，其ＦＰＡ升高的幅度和持续时间均小于ＡＭＩ患者。表明ＡＭＩ较ＵＡ患者其病变的冠     

急性心肌梗塞患者血浆内源性洋地黄样因子的动态变化

本文应用放射免疫分析法测定了２２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者和１８例健康人血浆内源性洋地黄样因子（ＥＤＦ）浓度。结果显示，ＡＭＩ患者第１、３、７天血浆ＥＤＦ浓度明显高于健康人（Ｐ＜０．００１及Ｐ＜０．０５），第１天开始升高，第３天升高最明显，第７天已趋于下降，第１４天大部分患者降至正常范围；ＡＭＩ组中患有高血压病或出现左心功能不全者，血浆ＥＤＦ浓度明显高于无高血压病者或左心功能正常者（Ｐ＜０．００１及Ｐ＜０．０１）。对ＡＭＩ患者血浆ＥＤＦ浓度变化的机制及意义作了初步探讨。     

充血性心力衰竭患者高凝状态的研究

为探讨充血性心力衰竭患者体内高凝状态与血栓形成的关系和机制,对６４例不同程度的充血性心力衰竭患者及２０例正常人血浆ｖｏｎＷｉｌｅｂｒａｎｄ因子（ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ）、血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、血浆Ｄ－二聚体（Ｄ－Ｄｉｍｅｒ）水平以及尿纤维蛋白肽Ａ（ＵＦＰＡ）进行了检测,结果显示,充血性心力衰竭患者体内以上指标均发生不同程度的改变,说明充血性心力衰竭患者体内存在有不同程度的血栓形成倾向,并随心力衰竭程度的加重而增加。     

凝血纤溶指标的变化与缺血性心脏病的关系

目的：探讨缺血性心脏病患者的凝血、纤溶变化及其临床意义，并对部分患者跟踪观察。方法：用高效液相色谱仪测定２６例急性心肌梗死患者，２６例不稳定性心绞痛患者，以及２０例正常人的尿纤维蛋白肽Ａ（ＦＰＡ）；并用相应方法同步测定了血浆Ｄ－二聚体（Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ）含量、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔＰＡ）及其抑制剂（ＰＡＩ）活性。结果：急性心肌梗死、不稳定性心绞痛患者较正常对照组尿纤维蛋白肽Ａ值增高，血浆Ｄ－二聚体水平、ＰＡＩ活性升高，ｔＰＡ活性降低。且急性心肌梗死与不稳定性心绞痛患者之间上述指标也存在显著性差异。结论：研究结果提示凝血纤溶系统的变化在缺血性心脏病的发生、发展中起着重要作用，研究凝血、纤溶指标对探讨其发病机制及判断预后可能有一定帮助。     

重组链激酶溶栓治疗后急性心肌梗死患者纤溶活性及血管活性物质的改变

目的：探讨重组链激酶溶栓治疗后急性心肌梗死患者血浆纤溶活性及血管活性物质的改变及其相互关系。方法：以发光底物显色及放射免疫法测定３７例急性心肌梗死患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）及其抑制物（ＰＡＩ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ及醛固酮含量。结果：溶栓组和对照组相比ｔ－ＰＡ上升，ＰＡＩ下降，ｔ－ＰＡ／ＰＡＩ及ＣＧＲＰ上升，溶栓后２小时达高峰，６小时维持较高水平，２４小时回降。两组急性心肌梗死患者血浆内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮持续升高达正常值的３～４倍。结论：溶栓后血浆ｔ－ＰＡ／ＰＡＩ及ＣＧＲＰ迅速升高表现出同步消长关系。所有急性心肌梗死患者内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮持续升高，三者表现出正反馈调节。     

复方丹参注射液对老年肺心病患者血浆丙二醛水平和红细胞变形能力的影响

观察５９例老年肺心病患者血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平和红细胞变形能力（ＲＣＤ，用红细胞滤过指数ＲＢＣ－ＩＦ表示）的变化及复方丹参注射液对ＭＤＡ水平和ＲＣＤ的影响。在肺心病急性加重期血浆ＭＤＡ水平明显增高，ＲＣＤ明显降低，全血粘度（高切）明显增高；ＭＤＡ与ＲＢＣ－ＩＦ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４８，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＲＢＣ－ＩＦ与全血粘度（高切）呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５４，Ｐ＜０．０５）。用复方丹参治疗后的患者ＭＤＡ水平、ＲＢＣ－ＩＦ及全血粘度（高切）均明显低于未用复方丹参治疗者（Ｐ均＜０．０５），病程也明显短于未用丹参治疗者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。这揭示复方丹参注射液有良好的治疗作用。     

NIDDM患者早期肾血流动力学及尿6－keto－PGF_（1α）、TXB_2的变化

对血压正常、多次尿蛋白定性阴性、２４小时尿微白蛋白排泄（ＵＡＥ）＜６０μｇ／ｍｉｎ、无眼底病变的２９例早期ＮＩＤＤＭ患者，测定了肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ）、有效肾血浆流量（ＥＲＰＦ）、肾滤过分数（ＦＦ）、尿６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α及ＴＸＢ２的变化。发现早期ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＧＦＲ、ＦＦ增高，同时尿６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α也明显增加，而ＥＲＰＦ、尿ＴＸＢ２无明显变化，提示ＮＩＤＤＭ早期肾血流动力学变化与肾前列腺素的代谢异常有关。     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓疗效与脂蛋白（a）、血脂及纤溶指标的动态变化

观察２４例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的血清脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］动态变化及其与静脉法溶栓疗效关系。结果表明，ＡＭＩ患者的Ｌｐ（ａ）呈一过性升高，７～１４天达峰值，溶栓组比对照组峰值较快降至基线水平。Ｌｐ（ａ）浓度在溶栓不成功、住院期死亡或梗塞范围大的患者中增高更为明显，提示Ｌｐ（ａ）水平变化与ＡＭＩ溶栓疗效及急性期预后间可能有一定的联系。另外，还发现ＡＭＩ发病后早期组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）活性及纤溶蛋白原溶解活性下降、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性升高；静脉滴注尿激酶或去纤酶后均可使ｔ－ＰＡ和纤溶活性升高，而且用药后第１～３天还使ＰＡＩ活性及纤维蛋白原含量明显降低，Ｌｐ（ａ）、血脂及纤溶指标相互之间相关性不甚明显。     

尿激酶及阿司匹林对血浆α-颗粒膜蛋白140的影响及意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者尿激酶静脉溶栓及阿司匹林口服治疗前后血小板活性的动态变化及与血管再通的关系。方法：８０例ＡＭＩ患者,随机分成溶栓组及溶栓＋阿司匹林组各４０例,于溶栓前及溶栓后２、６、１２、２４小时测定血浆中α－颗粒膜蛋白１４０（ＧＭＰ－１４０）浓度,依临床间接指标（３８例行冠状动脉造影）判定血管再通,比较两组间及两组中再通与未通患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度的动态变化。正常对照组６０例。结果：ＡＭＩ患者溶栓前后血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度均明显高于正常对照组。两个溶栓组溶栓后再通与未通患者均呈现不同浓度的动态变化。血管再通,则血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度降低,血管未通,血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度升高;阿司匹林对血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度无影响。结论：ＡＭＩ后血小板高度活化,血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度与血栓形成、溶解及再通密切相关;阿司匹林不是抑制血小板活化的理想药物。     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗期间血浆D-二聚体的动态变化及其临床意义

目的 :探讨血浆 D-二聚体对评价溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)的价值及意义。　　方法 :2 9例 AMI患者分为溶栓组 (n=2 1) ,未溶栓组 (n=8) ;溶栓组根据溶栓治疗后冠状动脉 (冠脉 )是否开通又分为溶栓再通组 (n=12 ) ,溶栓未通组 (n=9) ;采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (EL ISA)法检测血浆 D-二聚体的水平 ,并与正常对照组 (n=2 0 )进行比较。　　结果 :AMI未溶栓组血浆 D-二聚体较正常对照组显著升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;溶栓组血浆 D-二聚体较未溶栓组显著升高(P<0 .0 5 ) ,溶栓后血浆 D-二聚体较溶栓前显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,于溶栓后 6小时达高峰 ;溶栓再通组血浆 D-二聚体较溶栓未通组显著升高 ,溶栓前及溶栓后 6小时两组比较有极显著统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。　　结论 :AMI早期已有纤溶系统亢进 ,应用溶栓药后进一步激活纤溶系统而发挥作用 ,且以溶栓再通组更显著。     

Monitoring of fibrin generation during thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is a very sensitive marker of fibrin generation in vivo. Because an imbalance between thrombogenic and thrombolytic forces may be responsible for the failure to recanalize and for reocclusion of coronary arteries, such a marker could be of eminent value during thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Thirty-four consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (peak creatine kinase level, 1,869 +/- 1,543 IU/l) were treated with 100 mg recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 3.1 +/- 1.1 hours after onset of chest pain. Angiography 12.5 +/- 6.1 days later revealed an 81% patency rate of the infarct-related vessel. FPA plasma levels (normal, 1.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) were 34 +/- 46 ng/ml on admission and 93 +/- 86 ng/ml (538 +/- 674% with respect to each patient's admission level) after 90 minutes of rt-PA infusion (p less than 0.01). In patients without evidence of reocclusion (including three primary failures), FPA levels fell under continuous heparin infusion to 6.7 +/- 9.7 ng/ml (24 +/- 33%, p less than 0.01) within 30 minutes and were 3.1 +/- 2.2 ng/ml (15 +/- 15%, p less than 0.01), 1.6 +/- 1.1 ng/ml (8 +/- 10%, p less than 0.01), and 2.5 +/- 3.0 ng/ml (12 +/- 16%, p less than 0.01) 30 minutes, 9 hours, and 21 hours, respectively, after completion of rt-PA therapy. Five patients sustained intermittent or permanent coronary reocclusion after primary thrombolytic success. Their early postlytic FPA levels (13-51 ng/ml) remained high or increased again despite adequate anticoagulation. FPA allows the monitoring of fibrin generation during acute myocardial infarction and thrombolytic therapy. Despite successful recanalization, fibrin generation is increased under rt-PA administration before anticoagulation. Patients under anticoagulation with postlytic FPA levels less than 5 ng/ml or below their admission value seem to be at low risk of reocclusion for several days. FPA levels that are persistently high or that increase again despite adequate anticoagulation indicate ongoing fibrin generation. However, whether FPA can indeed be considered a useful marker of reocclusion remains to be confirmed in a larger population of patients with acute myocardial infarction.     

早期再灌注对急性心肌梗死患者血浆脑钠素水平的影响

目的 :探讨早期再灌注对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者血浆脑钠素 (BNP)水平的影响。方法 :选择AMI患者 5 6例 ,胸痛发作 12h内成功再灌注者 (38例 )为试验组 ,再灌注失败或未进行再灌注者 (18例 )为对照组。ELISA法测定入院即刻、1、2、7、14、2 8d时血浆BNP水平。结果 :AMI患者血浆BNP水平较正常人明显升高 ;试验组血浆BNP水平呈单峰曲线 ,对照组呈双峰曲线 ;再灌注可明显降低AMI患者BNP水平 ,第 7天时浓度升高不明显 ,未形成第 2个高峰。结论 :早期再灌注可明显降低血浆BNP水平。     

Plasma levels of neuropeptide Y i patients with current myocardial infarction

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recently characterised as one of the strongest circulating vasoconstrictor peptides, its elevated level may cause coronary artery spasm and increase of peripheral vascular resistance. All this contributes to ischemic myocardial damage and decrease of regional and global left ventricular function. The aim of the study was the examination of NPY plasma levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after thrombolytic therapy with or without reperfusion. The survey was made in 82 patients with AMI after thrombolytic therapy: 40 of them without reperfusion and 42 with reperfusion. The control group consisted of 20 healthy persons. Plasma levels of NPY were measured before thrombolysis, then 1, 3 and 5 days after, using a radioimmunologic method. All patients were treated with aspirin, glyceryl trinitrate and thrombolytic therapy (TT) with alteplase (r-TPA). In patients with AMI, NPY plasma levels were normal before and 1 day after TT, and were significant elevated 3 days after TT 5 days after TT, plasma NPY levels were still high in patients without reperfusion, but they decreased in patients with reperfusion. There was significant negative correlation between NPY level and left ventricular ejection fraction measured 5 days after AMI. During 30-days follow up systolic dysfunction of left ventricle with ejection fraction under 40% occurred in 21 patients and in 11 of them clinical symptoms of heart failure were observed. Using the multivariable regression analysis we showed that NPY concentration over 60 pg/ml is the independent factor leading to left ventricle systolic dysfunction. The results of our study suggest the contribution of NPY to the left ventricular remodeling after AMI.     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者胰岛素敏感性的影响

探讨溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 （AMI）患者空腹胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗的影响。检测 2 0例溶栓治疗和 2 2例未溶栓治疗的非糖尿病 AMI患者的空腹血糖 ,空腹胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性指数 ,并与 2 0例正常人作比较 ,AMI患者 4周后复查。结果 :AMI两组在急性期存在高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗 ,4周后复查血胰岛素水平 ,胰岛素敏感性指数较急性期有明显下降 （P<0 .0 1） ,AMI溶栓治疗组的空腹胰岛素和胰岛素敏感性指数较未溶栓治疗组显著下降 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :AMI存在高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗 ,以急性期最明显 ,早期溶栓治疗能促进空腹胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性指数的下降     

Ferrokinetic studies in acute myocardial infarction.

Serum iron levels were determined in 16 patients with AMI at different days following the event and in five patients either treated with steroids or suffering from diseases acting as stress factors. Patients with AMI showed a marked decrease in serum iron concentrations, the lowest value being recorded at day 3 after the event; serum iron returned to normal level at day 12. These alterations in iron concentration were not accompanied by changes in the 24 hour urine excretion of iron. On the other hand, a significant shortening of the half-time 59Fe plasma clearance and an early increase in 59Fe incorporation into the red blood cells were found immediately after the event. These values returned to normal in all but one patient, who had in addition polycythemia. In the five patients comprising the control group, serum iron, iron excretion in urine, and ferrokinetics were within the normal limits at all times. Since in AMI patients the 11-OHCS values were found to be significantly higher on the day following the infarction than on day 15 after the event, it is suggested that the decrease in iron concentration in these patients may be connected with changes in plasma 11-OHCS levels.     

Circadian variation of plasma fibrinopeptide A level in patients with variant angina

Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were examined on venous plasma samples taken every 4 hours for 24 hours in 20 patients with variant angina and 20 patients with stable exertional angina together with 24-hour Holter recordings. The mean plasma FPA levels (ng/ml) at 2:00 PM, 6:00 PM, 10:00 PM, 2:00 AM, 6:00 AM, and 10:00 AM were 4.6 +/- 1.0, 3.1 +/- 0.5, 6.1 +/- 1.6, 9.9 +/- 2.4, 8.7 +/- 1.4, and 4.2 +/- 0.8 in patients with variant angina (p less than 0.01) and 1.8 +/- 0.2, 2.3 +/- 0.3, 1.9 +/- 0.3, and 2.3 +/- 0.2 in those with stable exertional angina. In seven patients with variant angina, we also examined the effects of heparin (3,000 units), given subcutaneously at 6:00 PM, 10:00 PM, and 2:00 AM, on the plasma FPA levels and the anginal attacks. Although heparin suppressed the elevation and circadian variation of plasma FPA levels, it did not suppress the attacks and their circadian variation in these patients. Plasma FPA levels increased significantly from 3.7 +/- 0.5 to 12.5 +/- 2.7 ng/ml during or immediately after an attack in the seven patients with no heparin. On the other hand, the plasma levels of BTG and PF4 were increased in patients with variant angina as compared with those with stable exertional angina but did not show a significant circadian variation in both groups. We conclude that 1) plasma levels of FPA, BTG, and PF4 were increased in patients with variant angina as compared with those with stable exertional angina; 2) there was a significant circadian variation in the plasma levels of FPA in parallel with that of the frequency of the attacks with the peak level occurring from midnight to early morning in patients with variant angina; and 3) elevated levels of plasma FPA are the result and not the cause of coronary spasm.     

急性心肌梗塞患者血浆Ⅷ因子相关抗原的动态观察

为探讨急性心肌梗塞(AMI)与Ⅷ因子相关抗原(vWF)的关系,我们动态观察61例AMI发病第1、3、7、14、21天五个时间组vWF的变化。结果表明,AMI各时间组血浆vWF均较正常组高(P<0.01),第3天最高,1周后逐渐下降,AMI第1、3、7天组分别与第14、21天组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)或非常显著(P<0.001),死亡组较存活组高,但差异无显著性(P>0.01)。通过观察认为血浆vWF的变化与AMI临床病情的关系值得进一步探讨。