冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系

为研究冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系,比较分析冠心病患者、高甘油三酯血症患者及正常对照者的血清甘油三酯水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂活性。纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性测定采用发色低物法,血清甘油三酯浓度测定采用酶法。结果表明,高甘油三酯血症患者及冠心病患者纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性较正常人升高,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性较正常人下降。冠心病患者及高甘油三酯血症患者均有不同程度的纤溶活性下降,以急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛伴高甘油三酯组改变尤为明显。血清甘油三酯水平与血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性呈负相关,与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性呈正相关。结果提示,甘油三酯通过影响纤溶功能参与冠心病的形成与发展。     

脑梗死患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物活性的变化及意义

为了探讨动脉硬化性脑梗死患者急性期和恢复期的组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物活性的变化及其意义,采用发色底物法检测9例脑梗死患者和40例健康老年人的血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物1活性.对脑梗死患者的梗死体积和神经功能缺损进行了计算和评分,结果发现,脑梗死组急性期和恢复期的组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性分别为0.26±0.14和0.21±0.11 kIU/L,显著低于健康组(P<0.01);纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性分别为0.90±0.25和0.98±0.12 kAU/L,显著高于健康组(P<0.01);脑梗死体积为8.75±1.21 cm3;急性期神经功能缺损评分为18.56±3.62;组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性与脑梗死体积和神经功能缺损程度负相关(r=-0.5133,JP<0.05;r=-0.4914,P<0.05),纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性与脑梗死体积和神经功能缺损程度正相关(r=0.5621,P<0.05;r=0.5342,P<0.05)。结果提示,脑梗死患者急性和恢复期血浆纤溶活性显著降低,提示组织型纤溶酶原激活物与抑制物1在动脉硬化性脑梗死的病理过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

缺血性心脑血管疾病患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1的测定及临床意义

目的研究缺血性心脑血管疾病患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂1的水平及意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验测定急性脑梗死、急性心肌梗死及不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂1的水平。结果(1)脑梗死患者急性期血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物轻度升高(P>0.05),恢复期明显回落(P<0.05),尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体水平在急性期明显升高(P<0.01),恢复期进一步升高;血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物含量在急性期明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1含量则明显高于对照组(P<0.01),恢复期纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1水平趋于正常,而血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平与对照组比较仍存在一定差异(P<0.05)。(2)急性心肌梗塞患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体水平急性期明显升高(P<0.05),恢复期进一步升高(P<0.01),尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物水平均大致正常;急性期血浆中血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),恢复期明显回落,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1趋于正常,血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平仍高于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)不稳定型心绞痛患者急性期(入院时)血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体水平明显升高(P<0.01),恢复期(入院后二周)回落,但仍明显高于对照组(P<0.05),尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物水平与对照组比较均未见明显差异(P>0.05);急性期血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物含量明显低于正常组(P<0.01),而纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1含量略高于对照组(P>0.05),恢复期两者含量均趋于正常(P>0.05)。结论缺血性心脑血管疾病患者存在不同程度的凝血纤溶系统失平衡,对疾病的发生发展起重要作用。     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-14G/5G基因多态性与冠心病

<正> 纤维蛋白溶解系统的主要功能是清除沉积于血管壁的纤维蛋白,溶解凝血块,维持血流通畅,是内源性拮抗血管内血栓形成的重要机制.纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)是组织型和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA和u-PA)的特异性及快速作用的抑制剂,被认为是体内最重要的纤溶活性调节剂,许多血栓性疾病及出血性疾病都与之密切相关.近年来对PA-I启动子部位4G/5G基因多态性与冠心病的关系进行了广泛的研究,本文就这方面的研究进展作一综述.     

反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1 RNA对家兔动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

为探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1反义RNA对家兔血浆纤溶活性及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1的表达、血脂及对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响,通过聚合酶链反应扩增纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1第二外显子,将聚合酶链反应产物纯化克隆后连入真核细胞表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1 反义RNA重组质粒.将pcDNA3.1-反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1重组质粒注射到哈尔滨大白兔腹部皮下组织.通过发色底物法测定家兔血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性变化,通过免疫组织化学方法检测组织中纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1表达的改变.测定家兔血脂变化,病理检测其动脉粥样硬化程度.结果显示,应用反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1 RNA重组质粒的家兔血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性降低,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性升高, 纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1蛋白表达于内皮细胞,而在平滑肌细胞中未表达 (动脉粥样硬化对照组中内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和泡沫细胞内均有表达);应用反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1 RNA重组质粒的家兔胆固醇和甘油三酯明显低于动脉粥样硬化对照组(96±42 mg/L比123±12 mg/L, 15±10 mg/L比46±29 mg/L),且动脉粥样硬化程度亦轻于后者.以上提示,反义纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1 RNA重组质粒的皮下注射能有效阻断家兔体内纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1蛋白的合成,减轻动脉粥样硬化程度.     

老年人不稳定型心绞痛与稳定型心绞痛TF、tPA和PAI-1检测的临床意义

目的　观察老年人 (≥ 60岁 )不稳定型心绞痛 ( U A)和稳定型心绞痛 ( SA)患者体内组织因子 ( TF)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物( t PA)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 -1( PAI-1)的变化。方法　采用 ELISA双夹心法。结果　不稳定型心绞痛组血浆 TF水平高于稳定型心绞痛组和对照组 ,稳定型心绞痛组高于对照组。不稳定型心绞痛组与稳定型心绞痛组和对照组对比 ,血浆 t PA活性、t PA/PAI-1明显降低 ,PAI-1活性明显增高 (均为 P<0 .0 5 )。结论　冠心病患者存在凝血纤溶系统失平衡 ,可能对老年人不同类型冠心病的发生发展起重要作用。     

亚莫利对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗和纤溶活性的影响

目的观察亚莫利治疗12周前后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、纤溶活性和胰岛素抵抗改善情况。方法初诊2型糖尿病患者33例,于入院后禁食8～12h行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,分别于试验前和口服葡萄糖后2h、用葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖、以及糖化血红蛋白、酶法测血脂、放射免疫法测胰岛素水平、发色低物法测组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1水平,胰岛素抵抗用Homa-IR表示。结果亚莫利治疗后患者血糖达到良好控制,糖化血红蛋白从治疗前8.6%±3.1%降至7.1%±1.6%(P<0.01),且未见明显低血糖。治疗后血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯均较治疗前明显降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇有明显升高(P<0.01)。纤溶活性在治疗后获得显著改善,组织型纤溶酶原激活物从治疗前0.225±0.113kIU/L升高至0.457±0.177kIU/L(P<0.01)。纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1从治疗前0.898±0.168kAU/L降至0.533±0.215kAU/L(P<0.01)。胰岛素抵抗指标Homa-IR也较治疗前明显降低,治疗前为4.11±0.85,治疗后为2.42±0.91(P<0.05)。结论对初诊2型糖尿病患者,亚莫利具有快速稳定控制血糖、改善脂质代谢和显著减轻胰岛素抵抗的作用,改善组织型纤溶酶原活性的作用。     

肺动脉血栓栓塞与组织型纤溶酶原激活剂及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的关系

目的探讨组织型纤溶酶原激活剂及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1血浆水平、基因多态性与肺动脉血栓栓塞(肺栓塞)的关系。方法选择肺栓塞患者87例(肺栓塞组),另选健康体检者80例(对照组),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测2组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1血浆水平。聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1基因多态性。结果肺栓塞组患者较对照组血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂明显下降、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1明显升高。肺栓塞组4G/4G基因型频率明显高于对照组(51.7% vs 25.0%,P0.05)。肺栓塞组和对照组均以4G/4G基因型个体的纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1血浆水平最高,5G/5G基因型最低,4G/5G基因型居中。结论肺栓塞患者存在纤溶异常,4G/4G基因型患者呈明显低纤溶状态。     

胰岛素抵抗和纤溶功能紊乱与急性冠状动脉综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗(IR)、纤溶功能紊乱与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系及对患者近期预后的预测价值。方法连续收集2008年2月至2009年7月在我院心内科住院并诊断ACS的患者165例,按IR指数(HOMA指数)水平分为两组,IR组(HOMA-IR>5)80例,非IR组(HOMA-IR≤5)85例,分析两组患者间纤溶功能指标、冠状动脉病变严重程度的差异,并观察纤溶功能紊乱及IR对接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的ACS患者近期(6个月内)预后的影响。结果与非IR组比较,IR组ACS患者组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)水平较低[(8.56±2.39)μg/L比(11.06±2.12)μg/L,P<0.01],纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)水平较高[(36.21±9.62)μg/L比(22.12±3.97)μg/L,P<0.01],并且冠状动脉病变的严重程度增加:多支病变[26例(32.5%)比13例(15.3%),P<0.05];B2/C型病变[29例(36.3%)比17例(20.0%),P<0.05];Gensini积分(55.63±14.24比44.11±11.42,P<0.01)。IR与PAI-1呈正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PAI-1及IR均是ACS患者近期预后的独立预测因子(P<0.05)。结论 ACS患者存在纤溶功能紊乱或IR时,冠状动脉病变更为严重,PAI-1水平及IR对ACS患者的近期预后有预测价值。     

纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性与冠心病的相关性研究

应用酶切法对冠心病患者纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 1(PAI 1)基因启动子区域单核苷酸插入 /缺失( 4G/ 5G)多态性进行分析 ,探讨 4G/ 5G多态性与冠心病的关系及其分子生物学机制在冠心病发病及预后中的作用。资料与方法　　 1 对象 :病例组选择冠心病患者 86例 ,均符合WHO诊断标准 ,其中 79例行冠状动脉造影确诊。男 5 6例 ,女 30例 ,年龄 32～ 91( 62 4± 12 0 )岁。急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS) 5 6例 (急性心肌梗死 32例、不稳定心绞痛 2 4例 ) ;非急性冠状动脉综合征(非ACS ,稳定劳累性心绞痛 ) 30例。冠心病家族史32例 ,有高血压病史 …     

Reduced carriership of 4G allele of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism in very young survivors of myocardial infarction

There are limited and controversial data regarding the impact of 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in the pathogenesis of premature myocardial infarction (MI). We explored whether 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene is associated with the development of MI ≤ 35 years of age. We recruited 201 consecutive patients who had survived their first acute MI ≤ 35 years of age (mean age = 32.2 ± 3.4 years). The control group consisted of 140 healthy individuals matched with cases for age and sex, without a family history of premature coronary heart disease. 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 was tested with polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization. 4G allele carriers (4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes) of PAI-1 were less frequent in patients than in controls (69.6 vs. 83.6%, P = 0.007). 4G carriership of the polymorphism of PAI-1 was associated with lower risk for acute MI (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.88, P = 0.02) after adjusting for major cardiovascular risk factors. Patients possessing the 4G allele had higher PAI-1 plasma levels (32.2 ± 25 vs. 22.2 ± 11.3 ng/ml, P = 0.006) but lower lipoprotein(a) levels (10.1 [2.1–29.9] vs. 15.3 [8.2–57.1] mg/dl, P = 0.03) compared to 5G/5G homozygotes. Our data indicate that the 4G allele of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism is less frequent among survivors of MI at very young age compared with matched controls.     

Influence of the 4G/5G PAI-1 genotype on angiotensin II-stimulated human endothelial cells and in patients with hypertension

BACKGROUND: We examined the influence of the 4G/5G PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) genotype on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced PAI-1 expression by human endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence and absence of AT1-receptor blocker losartan, and screened for this polymorphism in relation to plasma PAI-1 and arterial pressure in apparently healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Genotyped cultured HUVEC were incubated with Ang II (10(-8) M) with or without losartan up to 24 h. PAI-1 mRNA was determined in cell extracts and protein and activity assessed in supernatants and extracellular matrix (ECM). Ang II increased PAI-1 mRNA and activity in a genotype-dependent manner, higher values observed for 4G/4G HUVEC compared with 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes (p<0.05). Laser confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis showed increased PAI-1 protein within ECM in Ang II-stimulated cultures. PAI-1 expression and protein secretion induced by Ang II in 4G/4G HUVEC was completely inhibited by preincubation with 0.05 microM losartan (p<0.01), indicating an AT1-mediated effect. In a group of hypertensives homozygous for the 4G allele, PAI-1 antigen was significantly increased (51.0+/-10.1 ng/ml) compared with normotensives (28.3+/-4.0 ng/ml) and hypertensives carrying the 5G allele (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism determines the endothelial PAI-1 upregulation by Ang II and the inhibitory response to losartan. Analysis of PAI-1 genotypes may help identifying subgroups of hypertensives at higher cardiovascular risk.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血液凝固性加强

目的通过研究急性冠状动脉综合征患者凝血状态的变化,探讨急性冠状动脉综合征患者的发病与血栓前状态的关系,以期对危重冠心病患者及早作出诊断和治疗。方法选择急性冠状动脉综合征患者86例,对照组为稳定型心绞痛患者75例,以酶联免疫吸附法测定两组患者血浆凝血酶原片段1和2、可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物等凝血分子标志物的含量并进行比较。结果急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆凝血酶原片段1和2及可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物较稳定型心绞痛患者均显著升高(1.21±0.23nmolL比0.76±0.20nmolL;85.4±12.4mgL比68.7±13.8mgL,P均<0.001)。急性冠状动脉综合征合并2型糖尿病时血浆凝血酶原片段1和2及可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物较不伴有2型糖尿病时显著升高(1.28±0.19nmolL比1.16±0.20nmolL;89.8±12.4mgL比82.7±13.7mgL,P均<0.05)。急性冠状动脉综合征合并原发性高血压时血浆凝血酶原片段1和2及可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物较不伴有原发性高血压时显著升高(1.26±0.24nmolL比1.16±0.20nmolL;90.0±12.8mgL比82.7±13.7mgL,P均<0.05)。结论稳定型心绞痛患者的凝血系统处于稳定状态,而急性冠状动脉综合征患者处于高凝状态,合并2型糖尿病或原发性高血压的急性冠状动脉综合征患者高凝状态更显著,提示高凝状态与急性冠状动脉综合征的发病密切相关。     

The common -675 4G/5G polymorphism in the plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 gene is strongly associated with obesity

Aims/hypothesis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) increases in several insulin-resistant conditions such as obesity. We tested the hypothesis that the PAI-1 gene might be a candidate for obesity and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Methods. We investigated the frequency of a common and functional –675 4G/5G promoter polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene in 188 lean, 70 overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m²) and 247 obese otherwise healthy Scandinavian subjects. Results. The genotypic (p = 0.002), or allelic (p = 0.0004) distribution differed markedly between the three groups. Homozygocity for 4G was more common among obese people, whereas homozygocity for 5G was more common among lean subjects. Heterozygocity was evenly distributed. The lean and overweight groups did not differ in frequency distribution. The relative risk for being obese in comparison to being lean for 4G/4G was threefold higher (p = 0.0003). Also, carriers of the 4G allele in the heterozygous or homozygous form were distributed differently between the three groups (p = 0.006). The 4G carriers were more common among the obese than the lean group. The latter group did not differ from the overweight group. The relative risk of being obese in comparison with lean was twofold increased in 4G carriers (p = 0.0015). Similar results were obtained in men and women. Conclusion/interpretation. Thus, the common –675 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene is strongly linked to obesity and a markedly increased risk for obesity is associated with the 4G allele in its homozygous form. [Diabetologia (2002) 45: ▪–▪] Received: 27 August 2001 and in revised form: 1 October 2001     

PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype as an additional risk factor for venous thrombosis in subjects with genetic thrombophilic defects

Impaired fibrinolysis as a result of increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in plasma is a common finding in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene has been reported to influence the levels of PAI-1. The 4G allele was found to be associated with higher plasma PAI-1 activity (act), but contradictory results on the incidence of the 4G allele in DVT patients have been reported. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G genotype increases the risk of venous thrombosis in subjects with thrombophilic defects, and to determine the distribution of the PAI-1 4G/5G genotype and its relation to plasma PAI-1 levels in 190 unrelated patients with DVT in comparison with a control group of 152 healthy subjects. No differences between the 4G/5G allele distribution in the DVT group (0.43/0.57) and in the control group (0.42/0.58) were observed. However, the presence of the 4G allele significantly increased the risk of thrombosis in patients with other thrombophilic defects. Significantly higher PAI-1 levels were observed in DVT patients than in the controls. Our results also showed significant differences in the plasma levels of PAI-1 antigen (ag) and PAI-1 act among the 4G/5G genotypes in DVT patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that, in the DVT group, PAI-1 ag levels were influenced by the 4G allele dosage, triglyceride levels and body mass index (BMI). The influence of the 4G allele dosage on PAI-1 levels was independent of the triglyceride levels and BMI. In the control group, no significant correlation between PAI-1 levels and 4G allele dosage was observed. In conclusion, the PAI-1 promoter polymorphism was found to have an influence on PAI-1 levels in DVT patients and on the risk of venous thrombosis in subjects with other genetic thrombophilic defects.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨大剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清抗氧化能力的影响。方法168例急性冠状动脉综合征患者随机分为大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组和小剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组,分别检测治疗前、治疗1周和治疗2周后血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛的含量;同时选择健康体检者50例作为正常对照组。结果急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),血清丙二醛含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。小剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛含量在阿托伐他汀治疗1周后无明显变化(P>0.05),治疗2周后血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量开始升高(P<0.05),丙二醛开始下降(P<0.01)。大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组在阿托伐他汀治疗1周时血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量升高(P<0.05)、丙二醛含量明显降低(P<0.01),治疗2周后超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶继续升高(P<0.05),丙二醛继续下降(P<0.01);且其血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量升高幅度和丙二醛下降幅度均大于小剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组。结论短期大剂量阿托伐他汀能提高急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清的抗氧化能力。     

冠心病患者血清补体C3、C4及HDL－C水平分析

目的分析冠心病(CHD)患者血清补体C3、C4与HDL－C的水平。 方法依据病情将2016年5月至2017年10月西安市第五医院收治的137例CHD患者分为急性冠脉综合征组(ACS组,80例)和稳定性冠心病组(SCHD组,57例),选取同时期健康体检的60例健康人员纳为对照组。对比3组患者补体C3、C4、HDL－C水平,分析补体C3、C4水平与HDL－C水平的相关性。 结果ACS组和SCHD组患者补体C3水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);ACS组患者补体C3水平高于SCHD组(P<0.05);ACS组患者补体C4水平高于对照组(P<0.05),SCHD组患者补体C4水平低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组HDL－C水平高于ACS组和SCHD组患者(P<0.05)。ACS组和SCHD组患者血清补体C3、C4水平与HDL－C水平无关(P>0.05),对照组血清补体C3水平与HDL－C水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。 结论CHD患者血清补体C3、C4水平升高,HDL－C水平降低,炎症反应影响血清补体与HDL－C水平的相关性。