CNTF对视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）对视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）凋亡的影响。方法：采用中号显微血管夹建立视神经中度损伤模型后,取左眼作为治疗组,在即时、1、37、d时分别向玻璃体腔内注入2μl（1μg/μl）CNTF溶液;取右眼作为实验对照组,同治疗组在每个时间点向玻璃体腔内注入2μl双蒸水。于伤后1、3、71、4 d时分别做HE染色、原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测。结果：光镜下观察治疗组细胞形态明显好于实验对照组。TUNEL显示凋亡RGCs数随视神经损伤时间延长而变化（P〈0.05）。伤后1 d,治疗组和实验对照组凋亡RGCs数两组间相比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。伤后3、7、14 d时治疗组的凋亡RGCs数明显比实验对照组少（P〈0.05）。结论：玻璃体腔内注射外源性CNTF可以减少RGCs的凋亡,对视神经中度损伤后RGCs具有明显保护作用。     

激肽释放酶结合蛋白对大鼠视神经不完全损伤后视网膜神经细胞的保护作用及轴突再生的研究

目的 探讨激肽释放酶结合蛋白(KBP)是否对体内视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)存在保护和促进其轴突再生的作用.方法 在距SD大鼠视神经球侧端0.5～1.0mm的地方夹持视神经,造成大鼠视神经不完全性损伤;在大鼠视神经损伤的模型中,行玻璃体腔分别注入KBP作为实验组和PBS为对照组;分别于损伤后7d,14d和21d取材,HE染色观察视网膜结构、测量视网膜厚度及RGCs的存活数量;提取术眼视神经行蛋白免疫印迹.根据统计学分析结果,明确KBP是否有视网膜神经节细胞保护和促进其轴突再生作用.结果 ①大鼠不完全视神经损伤模型建立成功.②通过HE染色,我们观察了视网膜各层结构变化,通过双肓法计数RGCs,和视网膜厚度测量,经统计学分析,组间差异具有统计学意义.③对神经再生的标记蛋白GAP-43进行Western-blot,统计学分析,组间GAP-43表达差异具有统计学意义.结论 ①KBP对视神经损伤后的RGCs具有保护作用.②KBP在视神经损伤后可能促进了视神经的轴突再生.     

视网膜神经节细胞轴突再生相关神经胶质酸性蛋白和生长相关蛋白-43基因研究

目的 探索视神经移植后,再生的视网膜神经节细胞中基因表达的变化.方法 将39只Listed Hooded大鼠分为正常对照组、神经截断组和截断+移植组.采用外周神经缝接模型,用免疫组化技术检测GFAP、GAP-43在各组不同时期表达的变化.通过采用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠视网膜中13个基因的mRNA浓度的变化,使用ANOVA进行统计比较.结果 视网膜切片显示了神经截断组GFAP有明显的表达上调;截断+移植组的GFAP表达下调,GAP-43在不同时点在GCL出现不同程度的表达上调.Real-time PCR结果,5d后,视网膜中的GFAP、GAP-43表达在截断组和截断+移植组与对照组相比有显著的增加.在其后的时点,GAP-43的表达在两个实验组都比对照组有显著降低.结论 再生的视网膜可能调节GFAP合成.再生的RGCs表达GAP-43.GAP-43上调的结果为神经再生提供了依据.     

重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 已证实重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)对中枢神经细胞有抗凋亡作用.本实验探讨rhEPO对压力诱导的视网膜缺血再灌注的影响.方法 大鼠经前房灌注维持眼压102 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),60 min,建立大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注模型.随后立即向右眼玻璃体腔注射5μl rhEPO,左眼玻璃体腔注射同等量的生理盐水,利用荧光金(fluorogold,FG)逆行示踪技术,分别于再灌注损伤后1、4、7、14 d行视网膜节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)计数.结果 rhEPO玻璃体腔注射后各时相点视网膜节细胞数明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 玻璃体腔内注射rhEPO有助于防止视网膜缺血再灌注后视网膜神经节细胞的凋亡.     

急性高眼压大鼠视网膜睫状神经营养因子表达变化

目的探讨睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）在急性高眼压大鼠视网膜中的定位及表达变化。方法采用前房灌注法建立大鼠急性高眼压模型,在1,3,7,14,21 d分别摘取眼球,运用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测视网膜CNTF的定位及表达变化。结果对照组大鼠视网膜神经节细胞层（GCL）有少量CNTF表达,急性高眼压大鼠视网膜CNTF的表达显著增加,建立模型后第3-7天表达量达到高峰,此时除GCL外,神经纤维层（NFL）、内核层（INL）亦发现CNTF表达,后表达减少。结论急性高眼压大鼠视网膜CNTF表达增加,可能是大鼠高眼压损伤后的一种保护性反应,CNTF的增加对视网膜神经节细胞可能有保护作用。     

Protection of retinal ganglion cells against glaucomatous neuropathy by neurot rophin- producing, genetically modified neural progenitor cells in a rat model

目的　观察脑源性神经营养因子 (brain derivednurotrophicfactor,BDNF)基因修饰的神经前体细胞 (neuralprogenitorcells ,NPCs)玻璃体腔或视网膜下腔移植对视神经轴浆流部分中断视神经病变的治疗作用。方法　视网膜神经节细胞经外侧膝状行逆行标记 ,7天后用 4 0g力量大小的轴浆流运输钳压迫视神经 ,制作视神经轴浆流运输部分中断动物模型。动物随机分成 3组 ,将视神经轴浆流运输部分中断的大鼠玻璃体腔内或视网膜下腔注入BDNF基因修饰的NPCs (BDNF NPCs) ,注射生理盐水为阴性对照 ,而注射单纯的NPCs为载体细胞对照。 7,15及 30天后通过RGCs的平均密度计数以及RGCs的平均凋亡密度计数并进行统计分析比较不同处理组间的差别 ,对BDNF NPCs表达的BDNF及其保护作用评价。结果　部分轴浆流运输中断后的大鼠玻璃体腔内注射生理盐水的阴性对照及注入单纯NPCs组 ,7天 ,15天及 30天RGCs的平均密度分别为 1885± 6 8,15 6 2± 2 0 ,1380± 7和 1837± 4 6 ,15 6 1± 5 8,1370± 16。而在玻璃体腔内注射DNF NPCs组为 2 10 1± 15 ,180 9± 19和 16 2 5± 34。在视网膜下腔注入组也获得了相似的结果。对RGCs的平均凋亡密度进行比较 ,BDNF NPCs处理组较其它组低。在相应的时间点 ,BDNF NPCs处理组较其它组经非参数检     

大鼠慢性高眼压诱导视神经损伤的研究

目的建立大鼠慢性高眼压模型,对其眼压、视网膜节细胞(RGCs)和视神经轴突损伤进行研究。方法对40只大鼠行慢性高眼压模型手术,分为4组:术后即刻、5 d、2周和4周,每组10只,分别测定眼压。采用全视网膜-RGCs Cresyl Violet染色,术后2周和4周对大鼠视网膜进行RGCs计数,并对视神经进行对位苯二胺(PPD)染色。对照组20只大鼠,分为2组,每组10只。结果31只大鼠眼压升高,眼压升高率为77.5%,且4周内眼压维持稳定。眼压升高2周时中心和周边RGCs分别减少11.0%和11.3%,眼压升高4周时中心和周边视网膜分别丢失RGCs达17%和24.6%,与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而眼压未升高的RGCs未见明显丢失,与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高眼压组大鼠视神经轴突在颞上方有大约5.3%损伤,球后1 mm的视神经在光镜下可以看到视神经轴突水肿和髓鞘碎屑。结论慢性高眼压动物模型是一种可以重复且有效的青光眼模型,它模拟了人类慢性眼压升高所导致的RGCs丢失和视神经的损伤。     

大鼠慢性高眼压诱导视神经损伤的研究

目的 建立大鼠慢性高眼压模型,对其眼压、视网膜节细胞(RGCs)和视神经轴突损伤进行研究.方法 对40只大鼠行慢性高眼压模型手术,分为4组:术后即刻、5 d、2周和4周,每组10只,分别测定眼压.采用全视网膜-RGCs Cresyl Violet染色,术后2周和4周对大鼠视网膜进行RGCs计数,并对视神经进行对位苯二胺(PPD)染色.对照组20只大鼠,分为2组,每组10只.结果 31只大鼠眼压升高,眼压升高率为77.5%,且4周内眼压维持稳定.眼压升高2周时中心和周边RGCs分别减少11.0%和11.3%,眼压升高4周时中心和周边视网膜分别丢失RGCs达17%和24.6%,与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而眼压未升高的RGCs未见明显丢失,与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).高眼压组大鼠视神经轴突在颞上方有大约5.3%损伤,球后1 mm的视神经在光镜下可以看到视神经轴突水肿和髓鞘碎屑.结论 慢性高眼压动物模型是一种可以重复且有效的青光眼模型,它模拟了人类慢性眼压升高所导致的RGCs丢失和视神经的损伤.     

长春胺对非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变大鼠模型视神经保护作用及其机制

目的：研究长春胺对非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变（NAION）大鼠模型的潜在神经保护作用。方法：90只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、单纯模型组、造模羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃组（NaCMC)组、长春胺组、造模PI3K抑制剂LY294002玻璃体腔注射(IVT LY)+长春胺组、造模DMSO玻璃体腔注射（IVT DMSO)+长春胺组。对各组进行眼底照相,眼底荧光血管造影,血清一氧化氮（NO）浓度检测,HE染色观察视网膜形态,甲苯胺蓝染色观察视神经轴突形态,免疫荧光染色计数视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）,实时定量PCR检测p-AKT、eNOS含量。结果：rNAION大鼠（rNAION）造模成功后第1天即可见大鼠视盘水肿,边界模糊。造模后第28天,长春胺组的NO浓度显著高于正常对照组、单纯模型组及NaCMC组。与单纯模型组相比,长春胺组RGCs数量明显增加（P<0.05）,pAKT、eNOS含量明显增加（P<0.05）。IVT LY+长春胺组RGCs数量及p-AKT、eNOS含量较长春胺组明显减少（P<0.05）。结论：长春胺可能通过PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路发挥视神经保护作用,有...     

色素上皮源性因子基因转染对巨噬细胞诱导大鼠增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的抑制作用及其机制

目的：探讨玻璃体腔注射色素上皮源性因子(PEDF)基因真核表达载体在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)模型眼内的表达及作用,阐明PEDF基因转染对巨噬细胞诱导的鼠增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的抑制作用。方法：采用阳离子脂质体包裹pcDNA3-PEDF,注射到36只SD大鼠玻璃体腔内（每组大鼠的右眼为实验眼,左眼作为阴性对照眼）,大鼠分为PVR对照组(仅在玻璃体腔内注射巨噬细胞诱发PVR形成)、盐水对照组（在玻璃体腔内注射生理盐水3 d后注射巨噬细胞）和转染组（在玻璃体腔内注射脂质体、pcDNA3-PEDF混合物,3 d后注射巨噬细胞）,每组12只,应用检眼镜和全视网膜镜观察各组大鼠玻璃体和视网膜情况;HE染色光镜下观察各组大鼠玻璃体、视网膜各层结构和细胞增殖情况。结果：检眼镜和全视网膜镜观察各组大鼠PVR形成情况,玻璃体腔注射巨噬细胞后,与转染组比较,PVR对照组和盐水对照组大鼠可见玻璃体腔内增殖明显。于注射后1周见PVR对照组和盐水对照组开始出现条索样增殖,2～3周时增殖逐渐加重,并开始出现视网膜隆起,4周见全部模型眼均有明显增殖改变,有条索状增殖物牵引网膜,并出现牵拉网脱;转染组大鼠中仅1眼见玻璃体牵拉,视网膜浅脱离,余眼玻璃体无明显混浊,眼底清晰,视网膜平伏。HE染色,转染组大鼠绝大部分实验眼视网膜各层细胞结构清晰,仅发生了视网膜浅脱离的1眼可见视网膜前增殖膜,伴少量炎性细胞浸润;PVR对照组和盐水对照组大鼠玻璃体腔内可见随病程进展的炎症反应,炎症细胞聚集、成纤维细胞增殖、瘢痕形成最终导致眼球萎缩。结论：大鼠玻璃体腔注射转染PEDF可以明显抑制巨噬细胞诱导的PVR形成和发展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.