Stroke following a bicycle injury

Stroke is not an uncommon problem in children. However, stroke following intraoral trauma is rare. A high index of suspicion of neurological complications following apparently asymptomatic oral trauma helps to identify this peculiar form of childhood stroke.     

Transorbital orbitocranial penetrating injury due to bicycle brake handle in a child

Transorbital orbitocranial penetrating injuries (TOPI) are relatively rare and can be caused by a variety of unusual objects. Diagnosis of TOPI should be based on a detailed history and evaluation of available investigations as the penetrating injury may be overlooked. In the present case, a child sustained a penetrating injury with the brake handle of a bicycle due to the accidental fall of the bicycle on him and was managed conservatively.     

非手术治疗在儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻中的应用价值

目的探讨非手术治疗在儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻中的治疗效果及意义。方法回顾性分析西南医科大学附属医院儿外科近3年收治的8例十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻患者的临床资料,其中男性5例,女性3例,年龄5~16岁,平均9.1岁,均有腹部外伤病史,主要临床表现为恶心、呕吐、腹痛,入院CT均提示有十二指肠血肿伴上消化道梗阻,排除消化道穿孔及活动性出血后给予禁食、持续胃肠减压、预防感染、补液、营养支持,部分淀粉酶升高患者给予生长抑素等对症处理,并定期复查血常规、血电解质,维持内环境稳定。检索万方数据库、维普、知网、Pubmed、Medline数据库截至2020年2月已公开发表的关于儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿治疗的相关文献,并进行分析。结果7例给予保守治疗获得治愈,胃肠减压量在确诊后3~5天达到高峰,在确诊后4~18天开始减少,恢复饮食时间为确诊后8~26天,平均15.2天,部分患者应用静脉营养约10天后肝肾功能检查提示肝酶学指标及胆红素轻度升高,予以保肝药物治疗及恢复饮食后逐渐降至正常,随访6个月至3年未见异常,1例保守治疗3周(包括院外治疗1周)后症状无缓解,复查CT提示血肿大小无变化,给予经腹腔血肿切开引流手术治疗后获得痊愈,随访2年,因粘连性不全性肠梗阻住院一次,经保守治疗痊愈。通过文献检索到31篇儿童外伤性十二指肠血肿相关文献,结合本组8例,共339例,其中手术治疗189例,手术时间为确诊后1~30天;保守治疗150例,保守治疗时间7~29天。结论诊断明确的十二指肠血肿在排除活动性出血及穿孔后,经过抗休克、止血等对症处理后生命体征平稳的患者应首选保守治疗,观察记录胃肠减压量和颜色的变化对判断疾病的转归及治疗方案的制定有重要的指导作用。若胃肠减压液的量逐渐减少、颜色变淡,保守时间可延长至3周或更长;若保守治疗超过3周梗阻症状无缓解甚至加重,此时血肿部位多已液化,可选择行手术治疗或经皮血肿引流术,手术操作简单、效果好。     

Evisceration through multiple abdominal wall defects following blunt abdominal injury

We report an unusual case of a posttraumatic evisceration of small and large bowel through 2 holes in the anterior abdominal wall after a motor vehicle accident. Prompt adequate management consists of reestablishing the perfusion of the eviscerated organ if the blood supply is compromised, performing a full laparotomy to exclude intra-abdominal organ injury and meticulous cleaning of the eviscerated organs before reducing them in the abdomen and closing the abdomen in layers.     

Peri-cardiac arrest following blunt bicycle handlebar trauma to the iliac vessels: management of a rare case

Iliac vessel disruption following blunt trauma is an unusual presentation, particularly in the absence of an orthopaedic injury. We present the unique case of a 14-year-old boy who sustained a blunt bicycle handlebar impalement that resulted in complete transection of the external iliac artery and laceration of the external iliac vein, without a skeletal fracture. The patient deteriorated rapidly, entering hypovolaemic shock and peri-cardiac arrest at anaesthetic induction. Once haemodynamic stability was achieved, the lacerated external iliac vein was used to form an interposition graft to repair the external iliac artery. The rare occurrence and lack of familiarity with this injury, combined with the potential for fatal exsanguination if not swiftly diagnosed makes this case crucial to highlight. Blunt bicycle handlebar injury should carry a high suspicion of severe vascular compromise. If diagnosed this should be rapidly managed with aggressive resuscitation and revascularisation.     

Helmet promotion in the emergency room following a bicycle injury: a randomized trial

Head injury is the leading cause of serious morbidity and mortality in bicycle accidents. There is good evidence to recommend helmets, yet few children wear them. Following a survey of children presenting to the emergency room with a bicycle injury, helmet promotion was evaluated in a randomized trial. The intervention consisted of physician counseling and take-home pamphlets. The study involved 334 children: 161 in the intervention group and 173 in the control group. In a follow-up telephone call, 2 to 3 weeks later, only 9.3% of the intervention group had purchased helmets, compared with 8.0% of the control group. Families in the intervention group received further counseling during the telephone contact, resulting in one additional purchase at 6-week follow-up. Evidence that a bike injury motivates cyclists to purchase helmets, and the influence of the self-administered questionnaire most likely account for the high purchase rate in the control group. Surprisingly, the helmet promotion intervention, including follow-up phone counseling, made no further impact. The results probably are best explained by a "double threshold" effect. Certain families were easily encouraged to buy a helmet, whereas others were far from ready to adapt this fairly recent innovation as routine cycling equipment. The findings suggest that physicians interested in helmet promotion would do better to participate in the design and implementation of multidisciplinary community campaigns.     

Intramural hematoma of the alimentary tract in two hemophilic children.

The occurrence of an intramural hematoma of the alimentary tract is reported in two hemophilic children. In both cases, the hematomas may be the result of a mild unrecognized trauma. The first patient presents large duodenal hematomas with secondary rupture into the retroperitoneal space. Death occurs despite medical and surgical treatment. The second patient presents an intramural hematoma of the colon, which is treated medically. In both cases factor VIII inhibitors developed during the course of therapy. Indications for medical or surgical treatment are discussed.     

Intramural hematoma of the duodenum and chronic pancreatitis after jejunal biopsy

A 12 year-old boy presented with duodenal hematoma in the hours following small bowel biopsy. Two years later, he presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Investigations allowed to find a chronic calcified pancreatitis, which is suggested to be the consequence of the previous duodenal hematoma.     

Acute obstructive pancreatitis secondary to a duodenal hematoma

An 18-year-old male with hemophilia presented with symptoms and signs of upper intestinal obstruction. Evaluation was consistent with an intramural duodenal hematoma and obstructive pancreatitis. As it is not possible to distinguish between these two disorders on a clinical basis, it is important to realize that pancreatitis may occur in such patients more often than is recognized.     

Ultrasound and CT diagnosis of intramural duodenal hematoma

An 8-year-old boy with traumatic duodenal hematoma is reported. Diagnosis is easy if one is familiar with its typical findings in modern imaging modalities.     

Splenic abscess following blunt abdominal trauma

A rare case of splenic abscess occurring after blunt abdominal trauma in a previously healthy boy is reported. The diagnosis was made by ultrasonography. The patient recovered after splenectomy and drainage of subphrenic and intraperitoneal pus.     

An unusual presentation of thoracic para-aortic hematoma due to blunt trauma

An 11-yr-old boy was admitted to the hospital with gradually aggravating acute abdominal pain along with nausea, vomiting and constipation for 5 days. The pain started after blunt trauma on the superior abdomen. He had normal laboratory tests and abdominal examination, but his chest radiograph showed infiltration in the right lung and an abnormal mass on the left diaphragm. Further investigation like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance MR angiography, revealed an abnormal para-aotic mass located a mass located para-aortic above posterior to the left diaphragm with a well-defined margin. The abnormal mass was finally confirmed to be a hematoma with exploratory thoracotomy. The rarity of this kind of presentation is discussed for making an early and correct diagnosis.