The metabolomic profiling of serum in rats exposed to arsenic using UPLC/Q-TOF MS

Chronic arsenicosis induced by excessive arsenic intake can cause damages to multi-organ systems, skin cancer and various internal cancers. However, the key metabolic changes and biomarkers which can reflect these changes remain unclear resulting in a lack of effective prevention and treatments. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of chronic arsenic exposure on the metabolism of organism, and find the metabolites changes by using metabolomic techniques. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The arsenite was administered in water, and the doses were 0, 10, and 50 mg/L, respectively. The exposure lasted for 6 months. The endogenous metabolite profile of serum was investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be visualized. Nine serum principal metabolites contributing to the clusters were identified, which were CPA (18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0), LysoPC (14:0), LysoPC (18:4 (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), LysoPC (P-18:0), l-palmitoylcarnitine, LysoPC (20:2(11Z,14Z)) in positive ESI mode and deoxygcholylglycine, LysoPE (0:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)), 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid in negative ESI. These changes of metabolites in rats suggested the changed metabolism in rats exposed to arsenic. These findings may further aid diagnose and serve as targets for therapeutic intervention of arsenicosis.     

基于UPLC/QTOF-MS的代谢组学研究辛伐他汀对不同性别小鼠尿液中代谢物的影响

目的:基于代谢组学技术研究辛伐他汀对小鼠尿液中脂类代谢物的影响.方法:收集给予药物辛伐他汀后不同天数的小鼠尿液样品,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC/Q-TOF MS )联用,Acquity BEH C18色谱柱,流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源,负离子检测模式,通过数据采集进行代谢轮廓分析.采...     

UPLC(超高效液相色谱)/MS/MS联用技术测定全血中的西罗莫司

目的 建立全血中西罗莫司的UPLC（超高效液相色谱）／MS／MS测定方法,方法 全血样品中加入他克莫司（FK506）作内标，用叔丁基甲醚进行提取。以乙腈与含千分之五甲酸的水溶液为流动相（40：50），色谱柱为AcquityUPLCTMBEHC。（50mm×2．1mm，1．7μm），流速0．5ml／min。三重四极杆质谱采用正离子模式，离子采集方式为多反应监测模式（MRM），离子源温度105℃，离子源电离电压为3300V，雾化气流速500L／h。采集离子（母离子／子离子）西罗莫司为931．2／864．1，FK506为822．0／577．0。结果 西罗莫司在1～240腿／L浓度范围内呈良好的线性（n=0．9995）。日内、日间精密度均在15％以内，提取回收率大于75．0％，方法回收率为95．0％～98．5％，最低检测限为0．2μg／L。结论 本方法灵敏、准确，适合临床西罗莫司的全血分析。     

Normalization of organ-on-a-Chip samples for mass spectrometry based proteomics and metabolomics via Dansylation-based assay

Mass spectrometry based ‘omics pairs well with organ-on-a-chip-based investigations, which often have limited cellular material for sampling. However, a common issue with these chip-based platforms is well-to-well or chip-to-chip variability in the proteome and metabolome due to factors such as plate edge effects, cellular asynchronization, effluent flow, and limited cell count. This causes high variability in the quantitative multi-omics analysis of samples, potentially masking true biological changes within the system. Solutions to this have been approached via data processing tools and post-acquisition normalization strategies such as constant median, constant sum, and overall signal normalization. Unfortunately, these methods do not adequately correct for the large variations, resulting in a need for increased biological replicates. The methods in this work utilize a dansylation based assay with a subset of labeled metabolites that allow for pre-acquisition normalization to better correlate the biological perturbations that truly occur in chip-based platforms. BCA protein assays were performed in tandem with a proteomics pipeline to achieve pre-acquisition normalization. The CN Bio PhysioMimix was seeded with primary hepatocytes and challenged with VX after six days of culture, and the metabolome and proteome were analyzed using the described normalization methods. A decreased coefficient of variation percentage is achieved, significant changes are observed through the proteome and metabolome, and better classification of biological replicates acquired because of these strategies.     

UPLC/MS for the identification of beta-blockers

The beta-blockers Oxprenolol, Metoprolol, Acebutolol, Atenolol, Propranolol, Pindolol, and Alprenolol were analysed by both UPLC/MS and HPLC/MS using mobile phases containing acetonitrile, TFA and either H2O or D2O. UPLC gave superior separation performance and the quality of the mass spectra were at least as good as those from HPLC.     

基于UHPLC/Q-TOF/MS分析羊耳菊有效组分的入血成分

目的应用UHPLC/Q-TOF/MS技术和血清药物化学研究手段,分析检测羊耳菊有效组分的入血成分。方法大鼠灌胃给予羊耳菊有效组分提取物后,腹主动脉抗凝采血,血浆经甲醇二次沉淀蛋白处理。采用Eclipse Plus C18RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),0.1%甲酸水(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈(B)做流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min-1。负离子检测模式,同时结合布鲁克道尔顿公司的Metabolite Tools软件,鉴定和表征其血中的移行成分。结果给药后,在大鼠血浆中共检测到16个代谢产物,包括9个原型成分和7个代谢物,代谢方式主要以咖啡酰基奎宁酸类化合物的异构化、甲基化及甲基葡萄糖醛酸化的复合反应为主。结论本研究较为全面地阐释了羊耳菊活性部位提取物在大鼠血中的入血成分,为进一步研究羊耳菊药材的体内过程和药效物质基础提供了一定的参考。     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测雷迪帕韦原料药中潜在基因毒性杂质残留量

摘 要 目的：建立超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测雷迪帕韦原料药中潜在基因毒性杂质1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺（EDC）的残留量。方法: 色谱条件：采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱（75 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液（50∶50）,流速为0.3 ml·min^-1,柱温为30 ℃,进样量为5 μl。质谱条件：采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,多级反应监测（MRM）,正离子扫描模式,离子喷雾电压为2 500 V,离子源温度为500 ℃,雾化气为379.0 kPa,辅助气为275.6 kPa,气帘气为137.8 kPa,碰撞气为41.3 kPa,离子碰撞能为15 V,扫描时间为100 ms,用于定量分析的MRM离子对为m/z→156.2/86.1。结果: EDC的线性范围为0.03~2.25 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）;检测限为0.03 ng,定量限为0.08 ng;平均回收率为98.3%（RSD=5.7%,n=9）。结论:本方法操作简便、快捷、结果准确,可用于雷迪帕韦原料药中潜在基因毒性杂质EDC的质量控制。     

Nandrolone and estradiol biomarkers identification in bovine urine applying a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics approach

With the aim of specifically investigating patterns associated with three steroid treatments (17β-nandrolone, 17β-estradiol, and 17β-nandrolone + 17β-estradiol) in bovine, an reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)(+/−)-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) study was conducted to characterize the urinary profiles of involved animals. Although specific fingerprints with strong differences could be highlighted between urinary metabolite profiles within urine samples collected on control and treated animals, it appeared further that significant discriminations could also be observed between steroid treatments, evidencing thus specific patterns and candidate biomarkers associated to each treatment. An MS-2 structural elucidation step enabled level-1 identification of two biomarkers mainly involved in energy pathways, in relation to skeletal muscle functioning. These results make it possible to envisage a global strategy for the detection of anabolic practices involving steroids, while at the same time providing clues as to the compounds used, which would facilitate the confirmation stage to follow.     

Fast differentiation of Apocynum venetum with related species by UPLC/MS and UPLC/SPE/NMR

The newly established hyphenated instrumentation of UPLC/MS and UPLC/SPE/NMR techniques has been applied for a fast comparison of the major chemical components from Chinese medicinal herb Apocynum venetum and related species. The content of the compounds among three species was found to be highly variable qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The identification of the constituents was based on matching their UV spectrum, online UPLC/MS/MS, and UPLC/SPE/NMR data. The system successfully identified 16 compounds in one step via operation for 4?h. Hyperforin was described for the first time in A. venetum, all of which had not previously been reported in Apocynum hendersonii and Apocynum pictum.     

ＵＰＬＣ/ＭＳ/ＭＳ检测好康舒胶囊中非法添加降糖类化学药物

摘 要 目的：对好康舒胶囊进行添加降糖类化学药物进行检测。方法: 采用超高效液相色谱 串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法,ACQUITY BEH C₁₈柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）;以甲醇和0.01 mol·L^-1的乙酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱。通过分子离子峰、二级质谱的碎片离子信息及多反应监测（MRM）模式下色谱峰的保留时间等信息,对本品中是否含盐酸二甲双胍等11种化学降糖药物的检出情况进行判定。 结果: 对11种化学降糖药物检测分析,好康舒胶囊中检出盐酸苯乙双胍及格列苯脲二种化学降糖药物。结论:好康舒胶囊中非法添加了盐酸苯乙双胍和格列苯脲化学降糖药物。     

Identification and characterization of amiodarone metabolites in rats using UPLC–ESI-QTOFMS-based untargeted metabolomics approach

Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic benzofuran derivative extensively utilized in treatment of life-threatening ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. However, amiodarone also produces adverse side effects including liver injury due to its metabolites rather than parent drug. The purpose of the present study was to identify metabolites of amiodarone in the plasma and urine of rats administered the drug by using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Drug metabolites were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linked electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-QTOFMS) and results subjected to multivariate data analysis. A total of 49 amiodarone metabolites were identified and their structures were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry. Amiodarone metabolites are presumed to be generated via five major types of metabolic reactions including N-desethylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation (oxo/hydroxylation), de-iodination, and glucuronidation. Data demonstrated that an untargeted metabolomics approach appeared to be a reliable tool for identifying unknown metabolites in a complex biological matrix.     

超高效液相串联质谱法快速测定CYP2C9酶活性

目的：建立一种超高效液相串联三重四级杆质谱法快速测定CYP2C9体外酶学活性检测的新方法。方法：色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm）;流动相为乙腈-水（含0.1%甲酸和0.5%氨水）（40∶60）,流速为0.2 ml·min^-1,柱温30℃,内标为氯磺丙脲;质谱条件：电喷雾离子化源（ESI）,正离子检测模式;用实验室制备的CYP2C9＊1,＊2,＊3和＊13酶在37℃孵育甲苯磺丁脲后,加入800μl冰乙酸乙酯终止反应,10 000 g离心后取有机层于氮吹仪下吹干并用200μl流动相复溶后上样。结果：4-羟基甲苯磺丁脲的保留时间为1.21 min,线性范围为0.05-5 ng·μ^l-1（r=0.999 8）,最低定量限为0.01 ng·μl^-1,回收率为99.3%-100.3%。4-羟基甲苯磺丁脲的日内、日间RSD均〈5%,孵育体系中的其他内源性物质不干扰测定。CYP2C9＊1,＊2,＊3和＊13孵育甲苯磺丁脲后结果显示突变体CYP2C9＊2,＊3,＊13的体外酶学活性分别为野生型CYP2C9＊1的47.3%,11%和0.3%。结论：该方法快速、稳定,该方法操作简便,适于CYP2C9的快速活性检测及抑制药等的相关性研究。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定黄杨宁制剂中的环维黄杨星D的含量

摘 要 目的：建立超高效液相色谱 串联质谱法（UPLC MS/MS）快速测定黄杨宁制剂中环维黄杨星D的含量。方法: 采用UPLC MS/MS法。色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）,流动相为乙腈 含0.1%甲酸的0.01 mol·L-1甲酸氨溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.35 ml·min-1,柱温为30℃,进样量为5 μl。离子源为电喷雾（ESI）离子源,正离子模式,工作模式为多反应监测模式（MRM）。结果:环维黄杨星D的线性范围为15.58～1 558.00 ng·ml-1（r=0.999 5）;平均加样回收率为97.7%（RSD=3.8%,n=6）。结论:该方法快速、简便、准确、重复性好,适用于黄杨宁制剂的质量控制。     

Investigating the human metabolism of acetaminophen using UPLC and exact mass oa-TOF MS

The ability to rapidly detect and characterize drug metabolites in biological fluids often relies on a combination of a high quality chromatographic separation and sensitive high resolution mass spectrometry. Here, the performance of two high throughput LC/MS approaches, namely monolith columns and sub-2 microm particle Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) columns is compared for the detection and identification of the human metabolites of acetaminophen in urine. The UPLC system produced approximately three times the sensitivity and detected more metabolites than the monolithic column approach. The sharp peaks produced by UPLC seem to be particularly advantageous when coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry, apparently reducing ion suppression leading to superior sensitivity and hence lower limits of detection.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测中成药中添加格列本脲、格列吡嗪

目的:建立快速、准确、高灵敏度的检测中成药降糖制剂中非法添加格列本脲、格列吡嗪的分析方法。方法:采用 C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)柱分离,以乙腈-0.01 mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵(0.1%乙酸)缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min~(-1),以多反应检测(MRM)方式进行检测。用于定量分析的二级碎片离子分别为 m/z 321(格列吡嗪)和 m/z 369(格列本脲)。结果:格列吡嗪和格列本脲的线性范围分别为4.98～498 ng·mL~(-1)和4.96～496 ng·mL~(-1)。结论:此方法选择性强,灵敏度高,可作为中成药中非法添加格列本脲、格列吡嗪的分析检测方法。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定动物源性食品中3种磺胺类药物残留

目的：：采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中磺胺多辛、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺噻唑的含量。方法：样品用三氯乙酸-乙腈提取并去除蛋白质,然后用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18(100 mm ×2.1 mm,1.7μm)柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多时间段多反应检测扫描方法( multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)进行检测。结果：该方法中3种药物浓度在1.0~200.0 ng·ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r均>0.99),回收率>70%;检出限为0.5 ng·ml-1,定量限为1.0 ng·ml-1。结论：样品前处理方法简单快捷,能够高效、灵敏地同时检测出动物源性食品中的磺胺多辛、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺噻唑的含量。     

Determination of Galanthamine hydrobromide in the dog plasma by UPLC - MS/MS

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定犬血浆中氢溴酸加兰他敏(GH)的含量.方法 采用BEH C18色谱柱( 50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.01 mol·L-1醋酸铵(含0.1％甲酸)(40∶60),流速0.1 mL·min-1,柱温40℃,进样量3μL.GH及内标盐酸克仑特罗的监测离子分别为:m/z 288.23→198.06,m/z 277.08→202.93.结果 GH的线性范围为2.38～609.60μg·L-1(r=0.998,n=5),在人血浆基质中,高、中、低浓度(4.76、38.10、304.80 μg·L-1)的日内、日间RSD均小于15％,方法的平均回收率为102.3％;血浆基质对测定无干扰.结论 所建方法处理简单、快速、灵敏、特异性高,定量准确,适用于血浆中GH的测定.     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测大鼠血浆中阿法替尼浓度及其药动学研究

摘 要 目的：建立一种检测大鼠血浆中阿法替尼浓度的UPLC MS/MS方法。方法: 选择用乙腈沉淀的蛋白质样品进行样品处理并运用Waters XEVO TQD三重四级杆液质联用仪和CORTECS BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.6 μm)分离分析物。流动相由乙腈和水（0.1％甲酸）组成,流速为0.4 ml·min^-1,柱温为40℃,内标为来那替尼。采用正离子电喷雾多反应监测（MRM）模式对分析物进行定量,目标碎片离子为阿法替尼m/z 486.19→112.1,来那替尼（IS）m/z 557.3→112.15。结果:阿法替尼在1 200 ng·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998 1),定量下限为1 ng·ml^-1。日内精密度和日间精密度均≤9.51％,阿法替尼从血浆中回收率高于77.1％。大鼠灌胃给药和静脉给药阿法替尼后,t1/2分别为7.19 h和2.69 h,Cmax分别为97.78 ng·ml^-1和123.37 ng·ml^-1,AUC(0-∞)分别为1 505.4 ng·h·ml^-1和405.55 ng·h·ml^-1。结论:该方法准确可靠,操作简便,重复性好,适用于灌胃和静脉注射10和2 mg·kg^-1剂量的阿法替尼的药动学研究。     

康艾注射液UPLC/MS指纹图谱研究

目的:建立康艾注射液的UPLC/MS指纹图谱。方法:采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈（50mm×2.1mm,1.7μm）进行分离,乙腈-20mmol·L^-1醋酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,流速:0.4ml·min^-1。离子化模式:ESI⁺。结果:对15批康艾注射液样品进行检测,建立了UPLC/MS指纹图谱并标示了8个共有指纹峰。各共有峰相对保留时间变化的RSD均在0.5%之内。结论:该方法准确、重复性好,为进一步质量标准化研究和控制提供依据。     

基于UPLC/QTOF-MS技术的丹蛭降糖胶囊防治2型糖尿病血管病变大鼠的血清代谢组学研究

目的: 本实验运用UPLC/QTOF-MS技术对丹蛭降糖胶囊防治2型糖尿病血管病变大鼠进行血清的代谢组学研究,探求该中药制剂防治糖尿病血管病变可能的物质基础。方法: SD大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组和丹蛭降糖胶囊组,高脂饲料喂养4周后,腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ35mg·kg^-1)复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功后,灌胃给予丹蛭降糖胶囊(1.26g·kg^-1·d^-1)连续4周。给药4周后,处死大鼠,腹主动脉取血,去胸主动脉HE染色做病理切片。采用UPLC/QTOF-MS技术结合主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)分析其代谢谱变化,鉴定差异化合物,分析相关代谢通路。结果: 病理切片发现模型组大鼠血管内皮细胞较正常组大鼠的有明显损坏,丹蛭降糖胶囊组大鼠的血管内皮细胞受损较轻。PCA和PLS-DA分析表明各组大鼠之间代谢谱存在明显差异,可实现分离。研究在正、负离子模式下分别筛选出11个和4个差异性标志物。代谢通路分析结果表明,差异性标志物分别于氨基酸代谢、胆汁酸和脂代谢以及氧化应激状态相关。结论: 丹蛭降糖胶囊可以保护血管内皮细胞,防治2型糖尿病血管病变,其作用机制可能在于调节氨基酸代谢、胆汁酸和脂代谢以及氧化应激状态相关。