CT

The development of multidetector-row CT(MDCT), which can rapidly scan a large longitudinal volume and enables us to obtain thinner section collimation with a shorter acquisition time, obtained isotropic voxel data for three-dimensional(3D) imaging. Isotropic voxel data enables us to obtain sagittal and coronal images with the spatial resolution which is identical to axial images. Excellent volume data, which was acquired by MDCT, obtain serviceable 3D images by using various reconstruction methods, such as multi-planar reconstruction(MPR), maximum intensity projection(MIP), minimum intensity projection(MinIP), surface rendering, volume rendering and virtual endoscopy. However, relation between Ct and MRI is still complementary even in the times of MDCT.     

CT bronchoscopy

CT bronchoscopy with volumetric rendering can play a significant role in patients with mediastinal/hilar tumor and lymphadenopathy. By localizing (tagging) tumor foci on the axial images, volumetric rendering allows the tumors to be seen through normal-appearing mucosa. Such images can guide the bronchoscopist in finding the ideal site to biopsy and allow the bronchoscopist to become more aggressive in the biopsy of more difficulty positioned lesions. In addition, delineation of normal extraluminal vessels and other vital anatomical structures potentially decreases biopsy complications. Although further research is needed to prove the value of CT bronchoscopy, preliminary work performed to date by the author and others indicates great promise.     

CT gastrography

The rapid dissemination of multidetector-row computed tomographic (CT) technology will make faster and more accurate gastric imagining available. Two-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction and CT gastrography including virtual gastroscopy and transparency rendering using volume rendering are types of interactive two- and three-dimensional medical imaging tools. It provides multiplanar cross-sectional imaging, gastroscopic viewing, and upper gastrointestinal series imaging in the same data acquisition. Two-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction provides accurate staging of gastric cancer and extraluminal information such as lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis. Virtual gastroscopy detects subtle mucosal changes and differentiates them from submucosal lesions in the same way as gastroscopy. Transparency rendering provides global orientation of the focal findings in the stomach in the same way as upper gastrointestinal series findings and provides useful information for preoperative mapping. Thus, CT gastrography is a promising method for evaluating gastric lesion despite its limitations.     

双能量CT虚拟平扫对胰腺的显示:与真实平扫对比

目的 比较第二代双源双能量CT胰腺虚拟平扫（VNC）和真实平扫（TNC）的图像质量。方法 采用Siemens第二代双源双能量CT对21例怀疑胰腺病变的患者行腹部增强扫描,包括单能量TNC图像、胰腺实质期及门静脉期图像,后处理得到胰腺实质期及门脉期的虚拟平扫（VNCp、VNCv）图像。比较TNC、VNCp、VNCv图像的胰腺病灶、胰腺实质、肝脏、竖脊肌、腹主动脉及门静脉的CT值、噪声、CNR、主观评分。结果 TNC、VNCp、VNCv图像主观评分均满足诊断要求（P=0.150）。与TNC图像比较,VNC图像噪声明显减低（P<0.001）。胰腺实质的CT值在VNCv与TNC图像上差异无统计学意义（P=0.063）。胰腺囊性与实性病灶的CT值在VNCp、VNCv、TNC图像上差异均无统计学意义（P=0.277、0.799）。囊性病灶的CNR在VNCp最高。结论 第二代双源双能量CT对胰腺扫描的VNC图像质量接近TNC,并且可减少辐射剂量。     

骨淋巴管瘤CT淋巴管造影及常规CT表现

目的 探讨骨淋巴管瘤CT淋巴管造影（CTL）及常规CT表现。方法 回顾性分析79例病理证实或临床综合诊断为骨淋巴管瘤患者的临床及影像学资料。79例均接受直接淋巴管造影及造影后CT平扫,16例接受CT平扫及增强检查,分析其CTL和常规CT表现。结果 骨淋巴管瘤CT表现为骨内单发或多发低密度影,多位于脊柱（n=71）及骨盆（n=73）。79例中,囊状病变37例,筛网状病变18例,24例二者均存在;28例患者所有骨病变均可见硬化边,47例患者部分骨病变可见硬化边,4例患者所有骨病变均未见硬化边。骨内病变增强CT扫描均未见强化。CTL检查中,24例病变内可见碘化油沉积。结论 骨淋巴管瘤CTL及常规CT表现较具特征性,且常伴淋巴系统其他异常改变,有助于诊断。     

Advances in cardiovascular CT imaging: CT clinical imaging

Recent advances in cardiovascular CT imaging have dramatically changed the way we evaluate cardiac and great vessel disease. The superb spatial and faster temporal resolutions of the newer scanners, have allowed CT to gain acceptance not only in defining cardiac and great vessel anatomy but also has allowed its entry into the field of functional and perfusion imaging. This paper reviews the current status of CT in clinical imaging of the heart and great vessels.     

电子束CT与CT在诊断肝脏疾病的比较研究

目的 :分析普通CT和电子束CT在肝脏疾病辅助性诊断中的意义。方法 :收集 35例有临床症状和生化改变的各种肝脏疾病的患者 ,分别行普通CT和电子束CT(EBCT)扫描 ,帮助确诊并分析其结果。结果 :EBCT对上述35例肝脏疾病的确诊率为 10 0 % ,优于CT(77.1% )。结论 :EBCT不仅在心血管疾病应用方面有独特的优势 ,在肝脏疾病应用方面也优于普通CT。     

CT and enhanced CT in diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas

Objectives

To enhance diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas using CT and contrast-enhanced CT images.

Methods

A total of 44 patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas, as confirmed by clinical pathology and immunohistochemistry in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China, were included in the study. CT and enhanced CT scanning were performed, and the resulting images were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

Twenty-seven males and 17 females were enrolled. Gastrointestinal involvement included the following: 5 cases located in the middle or inferior segment of the esophagus; 5 in the gastric cardia, 15 in the body of stomach, 6 located in the gastric antrum; 5 located in the Vater papilla of the duodenum; and 8 located in the colon. Among the 44 cases 80%–90% of the lesions had homogeneous density. Totally 81.8% (36/44) cases demonstrated homogeneous enhancement in arterial phases, most of the cases (n?=?33) moderately or obviously enhanced. Only 17.2% (8/44) cases appeared as heterogeneous enhancement. And 86.4% cases (n?=?38) were further enhanced in the venous phase. The CT images also revealed some of the metastases. Some liver metastasis cases have obvious homogeneous enhancement.

Conclusions

CT and enhanced CT provide useful information regarding gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas’ location, density, enhancement pattern, and some metastasis. These features are helpful to increase the diagnostic accuracy.     

CT淋巴管成像及胸部平扫CT诊断乳糜痰

目的 观察直接淋巴管造影(DLG)后CT淋巴管成像(CTL)及平扫CT诊断乳糜痰的价值。方法 回顾性分析17例乳糜痰患者CTL及胸部平扫CT资料,观察淋巴管异常及胸部其他异常表现。结果 17例CTL均见碘化油异常沉积,分布于颈根部、纵隔区、胸腔和胸壁,以颈静脉角区最为常见,部分可见肺部碘化油反流及多处淋巴管扩张;胸部平扫CT显示肺、胸膜、纵隔及心包等多处异常,以支气管血管束增粗最为常见。结论 CTL对诊断乳糜痰有一定价值;胸部平扫CT可显示乳糜痰患者肺及胸部其他结构异常改变。     

肺上皮样血管内皮瘤的CT及PET/CT表现

目的:分析肺上皮样血管内皮瘤(Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,P-EHE)的CT及PET/CT表现,提高对该病的诊断准确性.方法:回顾性分析本院7例经病理证实的P-EHE的临床及CT、PET/CT资料,并根据影像表现将其分为中央型和周围型.结果:7例患者中5例行CT...     

Screening CT colonography

CT colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) was first introduced in 1994 as a novel imaging technique for the detection of colorectal polyps and cancer. It is currently proposed as a new screening tool for colorectal carcinoma that may be more acceptable to patients than current methods. There are a growing number of published studies evaluating all aspects of CT colonography, including technique, imaging displays, interpretation methods, patient acceptance, and lesion detection accuracy. While there are multiple studies that have found excellent CT colonography results for the detection of larger polyps in high risk or symptomatic patient cohorts, there are very few published studies evaluating the performance of CT colonography in asymptomatic screening patients. Although we do not have the results of large, randomized, controlled trials documenting the performance of CT colonography in screening-type patients, this technique is currently employed at some sites as a screening tool for colorectal carcinoma. Thus, CT colonography has become a part of the controversy surrounding total body CT screening. In this article, the current techniques for colonic preparation and distention will be discussed, as well as the optimum CT protocol, and the recommended use of image displays for time-efficient interpretation. The results of the larger and newer studies will be presented, as well as some of the current clinical uses of CT colonography. Issues specific to the use of CT colonography as a screening test will also be discussed.