凹陷性颅骨骨折一期整形的临床研究

目的探讨凹陷性颅骨骨折一期整形的临床疗效。方法对凹陷性颅骨骨折的患者,采用手术治疗的方法,应用生物胶粘和自体颅骨碎片,一次性成形修补颅骨缺损。结果发生颅内感染的可能性极小,本组仅1．4％。所有病例术后随访6个月至3年。成形区与颅骨穹窿的弧度基本一致。颅骨X线片检查部分病例已骨性愈合,无死骨形成。结论该法简便、适用,既避免了第2次手术的痛苦,又能降低医疗费用,值得临床推广。     

颅骨瓣皮下埋藏及再植修复颅骨缺损

我们将２８例颅脑损伤患者开颅骨瓣减压术后的颅骨瓣即时埋藏在伤员自体皮下保存，埋藏部位有腹壁皮下、大腿前内侧皮下以及头部手术切口旁的帽状腱膜下．在开颅手术３个月～４个月后，颅脑损伤病情已稳定时再取出埋藏的颅骨瓣回植于颅骨骨窗处修复颅骨缺损，经４个月至５年的随访，再植的颅骨生长良好，取得良好的整复效果．     

颅骨瓣牵拉复位术在神经外科的应用

颅骨瓣牵拉复位术在神经外科的应用顾国山，杨德泰（上海医科大学华山医院神经外科２０００４０）颅脑手术中常因手术结束时脑压较高，而作去骨瓣减压术，术后经治疗，脑压恢复正常后３～６个月再开颅作颅骨修补术。从１９９５年３月到５月我院对２０例颅内血肿和脑瘤手术...     

颅骨瓣牵拉复位术首次应用于神经外科

颅骨瓣牵拉复位术首次应用于神经外科（简讯）我院从１９９５年３月到１９９５年５月对２０例外伤性颅内血肿和脑瘤手术患者需去骨瓣减压者，将其自体颅骨瓣埋藏于骨窗外头皮下，术后５～８ｄ患者脑水肿消退，病情稳定后，在患者静脉内接每Ｋｇ体重注射１．８ｍｇ异丙酚，...     

一次性颅骨整形性外减压术的实验和临床研究

寻找一种更方便有效的颅高压治疗新手段。方法：将外减压时去除的骨瓣咬成碎骨片，大小约为0．3cm×0．4cm，铺在骨窗范围内的脑膜上或修补的脑膜上，使其达到一次性颅骨整形和外减压的效果。结果：经6只动物实验研究和36例患者临床应用结果表明：一次性植入的碎骨2周内能起到减压作用，第4周起形成一块外观良好的骨板，经过2个月时间的生长，形成与周围连接完整、坚硬的自生颅骨。结论：该法可广泛应用于头颅外伤、颅内血管性疾病、颅内良性肿瘤等的外减压治疗。     

颅骨瓣皮下埋藏及再植修复颅骨缺损

我们将２８例颅脑损伤患者开颅骨瓣减压术后的颅骨瓣即时埋藏在伤员自体皮保存，埋藏部位有腹壁皮下，在腿前内侧皮下及头部手术切口旁的帽状腱膜下，在开颅手术３个月－４个月后，颅脑损伤病情已稳定时再取出埋藏的颅骨瓣回植于颅骨骨窗处修复颅骨缺损，经４个月至５年的随访，再植的颅骨生长良好，取得良好的整复效果。     

超早期颅骨修补治疗颅骨缺损126例疗效分析

临床广泛使用去骨瓣减压术治疗颅脑损伤,显著降低了颅脑损伤患者的死亡率[1],一般认为颅骨修补术最好在减压术后的3~6个月后进行[2],现在认为可在去骨瓣减压术后的1~3个月内行早期颅骨修补术,选择颅骨修补手术时间正在逐渐缩短。我院从2008年开始在去骨瓣减压术后2~4周进行超早期颅骨修补术,效果良好,本研究通过超早期与早期颅骨修补术对照研究,旨在探讨超早期颅骨修补对患者大脑功能康复的影响,现报告如下。     

去骨瓣减压术后早期颅骨修补术对患者预后的影响

目的:分析去骨瓣减压术后早期颅骨修补术对患者预后的影响。方法:选择60例去骨瓣减压术后患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组30例,对照组患者在去骨瓣减压术后3⁶个月后行颅骨修补术;观察组患者在去骨瓣减压术后66个月后行颅骨修补术;观察组患者在去骨瓣减压术后6⁸周,在指标允许的情况下行颅骨修补术,比较两组患者颅骨修补手术前及手术后1年GCS、MMSE、Barthel指数评分量表的情况。结果:观察组的GCS、MMSE、Barthel指数评分改善情况明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颅脑损伤后去骨瓣减压术后早期行颅骨修补术能明显改善患者的精神状态和日常生活能力,有利于患者的康复。     

自体颅骨低温酒精保存修复颅骨缺损的临床应用

高血压性脑出血、脑挫伤及颅内血肿患者,大多数需行开颅去骨瓣减压术,以挽救生命,待病情稳定后,修补颅骨缺损。本院2005年1月至2009年1月行去骨瓣减压术106例,对存活2个月以上患者采用自体颅骨低温酒精保存修复颅骨缺损     

三维CT扫描颅骨凹陷粉碎型骨折96例诊治体会

目的探讨三维CT扫描对颅骨凹陷性粉碎型骨折诊断治疗的意义。方法回顾性分析2004年6月至2010年5月收治的96例颅骨凹陷粉碎型骨折患者,根据三维CT扫描资料,采取不同的手术方式治疗。结果 9例患者行非手术治疗,87例患者采取手术治疗。其中29例先行颅骨碎骨片清除术,术后4～6个月择期行颅骨修补术。58例患者行一次性手术治疗。结论三维CT扫描对颅骨凹陷粉碎型骨折患者诊断及治疗方法提供了确切的依据,患者可得到较好的疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.