Outcomes 1 year after thrombus aspiration for myocardial infarction

Routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) has not been proved to reduce short-term mortality.We evaluated clinical outcomes at 1 year after thrombus aspiration. Methods We randomly assigned 7244 patients with STEMI to undergo manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to undergo PCI alone, in a registry-based, randomized clinical trial. The primary end point of all-cause mortality at 30 days has been reported previously. Death from any cause at 1 year was a prespecified secondary end point of the trial. Results No patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 5.3% of the patients(191 of 3621 patients) in the thrombus-aspiration group, as compared with 5.6%(202 of 3623) in the PCI-only group(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.15; P = 0.57). Rehospitalization for myocardial infarction at 1 year occurred in 2.7% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73 to1.28; P = 0.81), and stent thrombosis in 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50 to1.40; P = 0.51). The composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis occurred in 8.0% and 8.5% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.80 to1.11; P = 0.48). The results were consistent across all the major subgroups, including grade of thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI. Conclusions Routine thrombus aspiration before PCI in patients with STEMI did not reduce the rate of death from any cause or the composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis at 1 year.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后延迟支架植入术的疗效观察

目的对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者行急诊冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗,经冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后使心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流达3级后,比较延期支架植入与即刻支架植入两种治疗方式对预后的影响。方法选择2010年1月至2012年1月符合急诊PCI治疗条件的急性心肌梗患者共149例．经冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后使心肌梗死溶栓试验血流达2～3级后,93例当时植入支架患者为即刻支架植入组．56例术后经强化抗凝及抗血小板治疗5～7d后再次手术植入支架者为延迟支架植入组,观察两组ST段术后回落超过50％的患者例数、慢血流或无复流发生率、心肌染色分级及支架使用情况,同时随访术后3个月时心功能状态及主要心血管事件（包括心肌梗死、血运重建、卒中、各种原因的死亡）。结果延期支架组心电图ST段回落比例明显高于即刻支架植入组,差异有统计学意义（62％vs.46％,P〈0．01）。无复流及慢血流在延迟支架组明显少于即刻支架组,差异有统计学意义（8％vs．17％,P〈0．01）。延迟支架组支架使用量明显少于即刻支架组,差异有统计学了意义[（2．3±0．7）枚 vs.（3．5±1．1）枚,P〈0．01]。3个月后两组主要心血管事件及左心室功能状态比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后延迟支架植入,可减少支架使用量,有利于减少无复流及慢血流现象的发生,对近期预后无不利影响。     

经导管血栓吸出术在急性心肌梗死中的应用(附9例报道)

目的 冠脉内血栓是影响急性心肌梗死介入治疗效果的重要因素。本文介绍一种急性心肌梗死后经导管血栓吸出术的方法和疗效。方法 因急性心肌梗死入院，急诊冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉近段病变及冠脉内血栓者。常规PTCA方法选择7F指引导管，导丝通过病变后，经导丝直接送入PercuSurg吸引导管至病变部位，反复抽吸至血栓消失，梗死部位恢复前向血流。然后直接置入冠脉内支架。造影观察病变扩张结果及梗死相关血管血流和心肌灌注情况。并随访住院期间心血管事件及心功能。结果 9例急性心梗造影显示冠脉内大量血栓者接受了上述治疗。8例吸引导管直接通过病变，1例使用了球囊预扩张。血栓吸引后即刻血栓影消失8例，血栓明显减少1例。支架术后残余狭窄均消失，前向血流完全正常者7例，2例血流稍减慢。梗死部位心肌组织的再灌注达TMP3级者7例．TMP2级2例。住院期间无心绞痛、再梗及死亡等事件发生。无心力衰竭发生，出院前超声心动图测定LVEF46％～72％。结论 经导管直接血栓吸出术可能是处理冠脉内血栓的一种简单有效的方法。     

PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的效果

目的 探究经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的效果。方法 选取2014年11月—2017年11月我院收治的86例STEMI患者作为对象,经随机数字表法将之均分为两组,单纯PCI组行PCI治疗,联合组行血栓抽吸+PCI治疗,此外,两组均予盐酸替罗非班治疗。比较两组术后TIMI血流分级情况、支架植入2h后一般情况及主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况。结果 支架植入后,联合组TIMI血流分级Ⅱ级+Ⅲ级患者的比例95.3%（41/43）显著高于单纯PCI组76.7%（33/43）（P＜0.05）;支架植入2h后,观察组cTnT峰值及CK-MB峰值显著低于对照组,ST段回落＞50%的比例及术后10d的LVEF显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;住院期间和术后5个月内,两组MACE发生率相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗STEM能够有效改善冠脉血流和左心室功能,促进梗死区域的心肌灌注,改善患者短期预后。     

经导管血栓吸出术在处理急性心肌梗死冠脉内血栓中的应用

目的　本文介绍一种急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮血运重建术 (PCI)过程中处理冠脉内血栓的简单方法 ,并观察其近期临床疗效。方法　因急性心肌梗死入院 ,急诊冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉近段病变及冠脉内血栓者。常规PTCA方法选择 7F指引导管 ,普通 0 0 14″冠脉导丝通过病变后 ,经导丝直接送入PercuSurge吸引导管至病变部位 ,反复抽吸至血栓消失 ,梗死部位恢复前向血流。然后直接置入冠脉内支架。造影观察病变扩张结果及梗死相关血管血流和心肌灌注情况。并随访住院期间心血管事件及心功能。结果　 12例急性心梗造影显示冠脉内大量血栓者接受了上述治疗。血栓吸引后即刻血栓影消失者 8例 ,血栓明显减少 4例。 8例完全闭塞者中经血栓吸引后 7例血管直接开通 ,前向血流明显改善。支架术后前向血流TIMI 3级和TMP 3级者 9例。 3例血流稍减慢 ,TMP 2级。住院期间无心绞痛、再梗及死亡等事件发生。出院前平均LVEF为 (6 4 1± 9 3) %。结论　经导管直接血栓吸出术是处理冠脉内血栓的一种简单有效的方法。     

Additional manual thrombus aspiration for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention: an updated meta- analysis

Background The clinical efficacy and safety of adjunctive thrombus aspiration (TA) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain controversial. Methods Twenty five eligible randomized controlled trials were included to compare the use of thrombus aspiration (TA) with PCI and PCI-only for STEMI. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and death. The secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), recurrent infarction (RI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stent thrombosis (ST), perfusion surrogate markers and stroke. Results TIMI flow grade 3 and MBG 2–3 were significantly increased in the TA plus PCI arm compared with the PCI-only arm [relative risk (RR): 1.05, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.02–1.09, P = 0.004] and (RR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.40–2.00, P < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant differences in all-cause mortality, MACEs, TVR and ST rates between the two groups. The RI rate was lower in the TA plus PCI arm than that in the PCI-only arm with short-term follow-up duration (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.96, P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference in RI incidence over the medium- or long-term follow-up periods (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.77–1.29, P = 0.98), and (RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.81–1.15, P = 0.69), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the rates of crude stroke and stroke over the medium- or long-term follow-up periods and the crude stroke rate in the TA plus PCI (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08–2.38, P = 0.02) and (RR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03–1.98, P = 0.03), respectively; this was not observed between the two arms during the short-term follow-up period (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.97–2.21, P = 0.07). Conclusions Routine TA-assisted PCI in STEMI patients can improve myocardial reperfusion and get limited benefits related to the clinical endpoints, which may be associated with stroke risk.     

血栓抽吸联合低剂量替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响

［摘要］： 目的 评价血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班对老年高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响。 方法 选取2014年1月至2019年1月于马鞍山临床学院行PCI的老年STEMI高血栓负荷患者127例,随机分为观察组62例及对照组65例,观察组在常规PCI之前联合应用血栓抽吸和冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班治疗,对照组采用常规PCI治疗。比较两组患者术后临床效果、出血事件及主要心脏不良事件（major adverse cardiac events,MACE）发生情况。 结果 术后观察组梗死相关动脉的TIMI血流3级、2h心电图ST段回落>50%、LVEF均显著高于对照组[TIMI血流3级：57例(91.9%)与49例(75.4%),χ2=2.295,P=0.040;心电图ST段回落>50%：50例(80.6%)与40例(61.5%),χ2=5.611,P=0.018;LVEF值：(52.7±3.5)%与(50.95±5.0)%,t=2.229,P=0.028];观察组CK-MB峰值、碎裂QRS波、心包积液均低于对照组[CK-MB峰值：(274.4±173.1)U/L与(334.5±154.0)U/L,t=2.069,P=0.041;碎裂QRS波：24例（38.7%）与38例（55.5%）,χ2=4.955,P=0.026;心包积液：6例（9.5%）与15例（23.1%）,χ2=4.128,P=0.042];术后30天,观察组小/微出血事件多于对照组[小/微出血事件：7例（11.3%）与4例（6.2%）,χ2=4.019,P=0.043],大出血和卒中事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）;术后6个月,MACE事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）。 结论 血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射低剂量替罗非班可改善老年高血栓负荷STEMI患者心肌再灌注水平,同时不增加严重出血风险,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

不同缺血时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入血栓抽吸获益程度的影响

目的 探讨不同缺血时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者介入血栓抽吸(TA)获益程度的影响。方法 纳入STEMI且接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者198例,其中109例接受TA治疗患者作为TA组,89例未接受TA治疗患者作为对照组。根据心肌总缺血时间（TTT）将患者分为早期PCI组（TTT≤4h）72例和非早期PCI组（TTT＞4h）126例。采用心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级评价患者心外膜冠脉血流情况,并分析TA和TTT对STEMI患者PCI预后的影响。结果 PCI术前TA组TIMI血流分级0级患者比例高于对照组（P＜0.05）。早期PCI组接受TA患者比例高于非早期PCI组,而发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)患者比例低于非早期PCI组（P＜0.05）。STEMI患者接受TA治疗与MACE的发生呈负相关（P＜0.001）,而TTT与PCI术后全因死亡和MACE的发生均呈正相关（P＜0.001）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于所有STEMI患者,TTT＞4h明显增加MACE的发生风险,接受TA治疗降低MACE的发生风险（P＜0.05）。对于TA组患者,TTT＞4h增加全因死亡和MACE的发生风险（P＜0.05）。结论 对于接受PCI时行TA治疗的STEMI患者,TTT＞4h增加其全因死亡和MACE的发生风险。     

血栓抽吸术对急性心肌梗死1年预后的影响

目的：探讨血栓抽吸术对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年2月于上海市胸科医院就诊发病时间＜12小时的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者257例,所有患者均进行急诊PCI治疗。最终完成1年随访的患者中121例患者进行血栓抽吸术,136例患者进行直接PCI。随访两组患者30天、1年的MACE事件及心功能。结果：两组患者在30天(3.3% vs 5.1%, P=0.548)、1年的MACE事件(5.7% vs 8.8%, P=0.475)发生率上没有显著差异。虽然即刻TIMI 3级血流比例两组同样没有差异(72.7% vs 69.9%, P=0.679),但两组在NYHA III-IV心衰的比例30天随访(15% vs 26.3%, P=0.044)、1年随访(5.0% vs 12.9%, P=0.047)血栓抽吸组均显著降低。结论：血栓抽吸术对心血管主要不良事件无显著影响,但对于降低远期心衰的发作仍具有重要作用。     

Export aspiration catheter thrombosuction before actual angioplasty in primary coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in lesions with a large thrombus load increases the procedural complication rate. We describe a thrombus reduction technique in this setting using the Export aspiration catheter (EAC) for primary thrombosuction before actual angioplasty. The EAC is a component of the GuardWire Plus system (PercuSurge, Sunnyvale, CA), which was originally developed for emboli containment in saphenous vein graft and peripheral vessel interventions. Primary EAC thrombosuction was performed successfully in 12 patients undergoing primary PCI, and gross thrombi were obtained from 9 patients (75%). After definitive treatment with balloon angioplasty and/or stenting, TIMI 3 flow was restored in all target vessels. There was no angiographic evidence of distal branch loss or vessel injury. No major procedural or in-hospital complication occurred in any patients. This primary EAC thrombosuction technique may offer a new, potentially effective method for thrombus burden reduction in treating AMI patients.     

The effect of thrombectomy on myocardial blush in primary angioplasty: The randomized evaluation of thrombus aspiration by two thrombectomy devices in acute myocardial infarction (RETAMI) trial

Background: In patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may cause thrombus dislodgment leading to microvascular function impairment, which is a negative independent predictor of myocardial function recovery. Compared with conventional stenting, pretreatment with aspiration thrombectomy during primary PCI significantly improves coronary epicardial flow and myocardial tissue perfusion parameters. We sought to evaluate the angiographic findings of two different manual aspiration thrombectomy devices (Diver‐Invatec® (DI) and Export‐Medtronic®® (EM)) in STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty. Methods: We randomized 103 STEMI patients referred to our hospital to undergo primary PCI (<12 hr from symptoms onset) to DI (n = 52) and EM (n = 51) devices. The primary angiographic composite end‐points were the rates of post‐thrombectomy thrombus score (TS) ≤≤2, TIMI flow grade ≥≥2, and post‐stenting myocardial blush grade (MBG) ≥≥2 in the two groups. Results: Baseline, clinical, and angiographic preprocedural findings did not differ between the two groups. After aspiration thrombectomy, a TS ≤≤ 2 was more frequently present in EM group (92.3 vs. 69.3%, P = 0.0052). Also the rate of post‐thrombectomy TIMI ≥≥ 2 (69.3 vs. 92.2%, P = 0.0052) and post‐stenting MBG ≥≥2 (88.2 vs. 69.3%, P = 0.029) were significantly higher in EM group. No significative differences were observed in terms of clinical events at 1 and 12 months. Conclusions: In this single‐center, prospective, randomized study, a EM use before stenting in STEMI patients seems to remove more thrombotic burden compared with DI, providing a greater post‐thrombectomy epicardial flow and a better post‐stenting microvascular perfusion. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班在急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的:观察血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的疗效及安全性.方法:选择符合条件的AMI患者340例,均行急诊PCI,PCI术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的180例患者作为观察组,直接行PCI的160例患者作为对照组,观察2组术后冠状动脉血流灌注水平(TIMI分级)、心肌灌注水平(TMP分级),无复流或慢血流发生率,住院期间再梗死、梗死相关血管再次血运重建、心力衰竭发生率、30 d内的死亡率、出血等并发症发生率.结果:观察组在术后冠状动脉血流灌注水平、心肌灌注水平均较对照组升高,而无复流或慢血流发生率则明显减少;观察组在住院期间再梗死、目标血管再次血运重建、心力衰竭发生率、30 d内的死亡率等方面,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组在出血等并发症发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:AMI患者行急诊PCI过程中,应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班可明显减少慢血流、无复流等并发症的发生,从而降低病死率,改善近期预后,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死应用血栓抽吸和静脉溶栓开通冠脉的疗效比较

目的 比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经导管血栓抽吸和静脉溶栓两种方法对择期PCI即刻及近期疗效的差异.方法 回顾分析2009年1月至2012年1月收治的60例急性STEMI且符合梗死相关动脉（IRA）高血栓负荷患者的临床资料.其中14例通过反复抽吸血栓使IRA血流恢复TIMI 3级,设为抽吸组;22例成功静脉溶栓患者,设为溶栓组.依其IRA的残余狭窄病变（RSL）及非IRA以外的罪犯相关病变（CRL）的冠脉造影,狭窄程度≥70％为冠脉支架置入标准,比较两组IRA的RSL病变与非IRA的CRL病变处理的差异、冠脉TIMI血流分级及心肌灌注呈色（BMG）显像分级的差异、即刻效果、1个月时心功能的差异及MACE差异.结果 IRA及CRL的病变分布及形态、支架置入无复流、支架特征（个数、直径、长度）、支架直接置入率、高压球囊使用率、最后扩张压力等指标,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但MBG达到3级者抽吸组明显优于溶栓组（93.0％比63.6％,P＜0.05）.1个月时左室直径、EF值、血浆BNP和hs-CRP,抽吸组均明显优于溶栓组（均P＜0.05）,两组均无MACE事件发生.结论 对高血栓负荷的STEMI患者进行单纯急诊血栓抽吸,择期PCI较静脉溶栓开通后择期PCI效果好,也是安全的.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经抽吸导管治疗后择期支架置入术的临床研究

目的 观察急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经血栓抽吸治疗冠脉恢复“再灌注”后终止手术并择期PCI治疗的近期临床疗效.方法 2009年1月至2012年1月急性STEMI行急诊冠脉介入治疗60例,分为导管抽吸组（28例）和强化介入组（32例）.导管抽吸组是单纯通过反复抽吸血栓而使梗死相关血管（IRA）血流已达TIMI3级,择期PCI术处理所有狭窄血管;强化介入组是导管抽吸血栓和直接行IRA的支架置入,择期处理非靶病变.比较两组两次手术过程及1个月后心功能等相关指标.结果 导管抽吸组二次手术前的血清BNP、hs-CRP明显降低（P＜0.05）;4例IRA免于支架置入术（P,＜0.01）;残余狭窄病变选择支架的直径小、长度短,高压球囊扩张及扩张压力小,心肌呈色3级水平高（P＜0.05,或P＜0.01）.两组效果无显著性差别.两次手术累计时间、X线曝光时间、对比剂用量及患者经济支出方面,导管抽吸组均明显低于强化介入组（P＜0.05）;1个月时复查心脏彩超,左室直径、EF值导管抽吸组明显优于强化介入组（P＜0.05）.结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI时,先导管抽吸血栓充分恢复冠脉血流,强化抗凝保护下择期PCI术,即刻及近期疗效可靠.     

冠脉内小剂量替罗非班联合血栓抽吸治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死疗效观察

目的 评价冠脉及静脉内小剂量注射替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓抽吸对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）梗死相关血管血流及预后的影响.方法 选择诊断为STEMI、接受直接PCI治疗患者133例,随机分为冠脉及静脉内注射小剂量血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa（GPⅡb/Ⅲa）受体拮抗剂替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓抽吸组（治疗组,67例）和常规PCI联合静脉内大剂量替罗非班组（对照组,66例）.评估两组PCI前后梗死相关血管TIMI血流分级、心肌灌注情况、术后90天主要心血管事件（MACE）及术后出血情况.结果 两组血管开通率均为100%,与对照组比较,治疗组无复流减少,心肌灌注情况改善、90天MACE下降（2.9% vs.12.1%,P＜0.05）.而围术期出血发生率无明显差异.结论 冠脉及静脉内小剂量注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸可有效改善STEMI患者梗死相关血管的血流,改善患者预后,并具有较好的安全性.