含氟达拉滨的预处理方案在脐血移植治疗重型β地中海贫血的疗效观察

目的　观察在“Bu+Cy+ATG”典型预处理中加入氟达拉滨 (Flu)对脐血造血干细胞移植 (UCBT)治疗重型β地中海贫血(地贫)的植入和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的影响。方法　2000年 6月至 2004年 6月中山大学附属二院儿科对 22例行脐血干细胞移植的地贫患儿,按预处理方案是否含Flu分为无Flu组 (8例 )和Flu组(14例)。无Flu组:Bu,Cy和马抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白 (ATG);Flu组在此基础上加Flu。观察两组植入率,急、慢性GVHD(aGVHD、cGVHD)的发生率及其程度。结果　无Flu组 8例患儿HLA全相合 5例,不全相合 3例,接受单个核细胞(MNC)为 7 03×107 /kg[ (4 7 ~12 7 )×107 /kg],其中CD34+数为 4 0×105 /kg[ ( 0 6 ~11 7 )×105 /kg], 6例植入,中性粒细胞绝对计数 (ANC)≥0 5×109 /L时间平均为 18d,血小板 (BPC)≥20×109 /L时间平均为 36 5d, 4例发生aGVHD, 1例发生cGVHD;Flu组 14例,HLA全相合 6例,不全相合 8例,平均输入供者MNC为 7 53×107 /kg[ (3 4~10)×107 /kg],其中CD34+数为 5 01×105 /kg[ (0 6~11 7)×105 /kg], 4例植入,ANC≥0 5×109 /L时间平均为 16d,BPC≥20×109 /L时间平均为 72d, 2例发生aGVHD, 3例发生cGVHD;两组植入率、aGVHD及cGVHD发生率无明显差异。Flu组的HLA不全相合病例多于非Flu组。结论　allo H     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重型β地中海贫血

目的　观察异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重型 β地中海贫血 (简称 β地贫 )的疗效和副作用。方法　 1例 β地贫双重杂合子 (β17 IVS II 6 5 4突变点 )患儿经总量马利兰 2 0mg kg ,环磷酰胺 2 0 0mg kg、马法兰 90mg m2 和抗胸腺淋巴细胞球蛋白 90mg kg组成的方案预处理后 ,输入人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)相合的同胞供体外周血造血干细胞悬液 5 6ml。患儿获得的有核细胞数为 14.4× 10 8 kg,粒单系祖细胞 (CFU GM) 9.5× 10 5 kg,CD 3 4CD-3 8细胞数为 14.9× 10 6 kg。结果　患儿术后 13d时中性粒细胞绝对值 (ANC) >0 .5× 10 9 L ,40d时血小板 >2 0× 10 9 L ;术后 2 0d聚合酶链反向点杂交法(PCR RDB)检测患儿为供者型的 β17杂合子 ,性染色体核型从 46XX转变为 46XY(供者型 )。术后 2 0d起脱离红细胞输注 ,血红蛋白维持在 110g L以上 ,10 0d时复查骨髓细胞形态学正常 ,肝脾不大。 16d时出现急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)I度 ,经使用甲基强的松龙和泼尼松治疗 ,于 2 6d时aGVHD完全被控制。至今未发生慢性GVHD ,现已术后无病存活 475d。结论　异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重型 β地贫患儿已获得成功。其出现的aGVHD可被药物控制     

亲代外周血造血干细胞移植成功治愈重型β-地中海贫血1例

目的　研究了亲代供者外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重型β-地中海贫血(简称地贫)的相关问题。方法　改进了预处理方案:采用生理反馈机制,即在预处理前进行了高频输注红细胞悬液,使Hb达13 0g/L以上,同时口服羟基脲抑制造血使术前地贫骨髓的富细胞性变成贫细胞性,使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)加强对宿主淋巴细胞的攻击力度,结合使用马利兰、氟达拉宾和环磷酰胺。预处理后输异基因外周血干细胞3次。三次输入MNC分别为3 5×10 9/kg ,4 8×10 8/kg及6 2×10 7/kg。结果　移植过程中出现Ⅱ°皮肤GVHD、出血性膀胱炎、霉菌感染等并发症,均得到有效控制。+ 16d(移植后为+ )外周血等位基因PCR -STR检测13位点证实10个不相同位点均转为供体型(供受者本身有三个位点相同) ,完全植入。并于移植后+ 70d复查证实仍为完全植入状态。目前患儿移植后已5月余,无cGVHD表现。已五个月未输血制品,白细胞正常,血小板维持在90G/L ,血红蛋白维持在110g/L。结论　亲代所供HLA一个亚型不相合的外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重症β-地中海贫血是简单、可行的     

脐血外周血造血干细胞移植治疗遗传性溶血性贫血的疗效比较

目的　比较亲属异基因脐血造血干细胞移植 (UCBT)与亲属异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (PBSCT)治疗遗传性溶血性贫血 (溶贫 )的临床疗效。方法　 16例遗传性溶贫 (重型 β地中海贫血 14例 ,先天性特发性溶血性贫血 2例 )中 9例行UCBT ,7例行PBSCT。预处理方案以白消安 14～ 2 0mg/kg、环磷酰胺 16 0～ 2 0 0mg/kg和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 90mg/kg为基础 ,8例加马法兰 90mg/m2 ,2例加噻替哌 6mg/kg ,4例加噻替哌和氟达拉宾15 0mg/m2 。结果　UCBT组植入 7例 (7/ 9) ,其中 2例于移植术后 6 0d(+6 0d)内排斥、回复地中海贫血 (地贫 )状态 ,1例发生急性肾衰竭死亡 ;4例出现急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD) ,1例出现慢性移植物抗宿主病 (cGVHD) ;中位随访时间 4 9个月 (38～ 6 4个月 )。PBSCT组植入 6例 (6 / 7) ,无继发排斥 ,1例发生肝衰竭死亡 ,1例于 +3d死于败血症 ;5例出现aGVHD ,其中 3例延续为cGVHD ;中位随访时间 39个月 (2 5～ 4 9个月 )。结论　UCBT、PBSCT治疗遗传性溶贫具有不同的特点。PBSCT治疗具有植入率高 ,GVHD发生率也高的特点。UCBT具有GVHD程度较轻 ,提示人类白细胞抗原配型不全相合也可开展移植 ,但应改善低植入率的问题。     

无关脐血移植治疗儿童噬血细胞综合征

目的探讨脐血移植对儿童噬血细胞综合征的治疗效果。方法一例16月龄确诊为噬血细胞综合征的幼儿,经HLH-2004推荐方案进行化疗及免疫治疗7个月后,病情未缓解,行HLA基因位点5/6相合无关脐血移植。预处理采用BU/CY+VP16方案:马利兰(BU)1mg/kg,第6h一次,用4d共16次(-8~-5d);足叶乙甙(VP16)30mg/kg,用1天(-4d);环磷酰胺(CY)60mg/kg,用2d(-3~-2d)。输入脐血有核细胞(NC)5·66×107/kg,CD3+4细胞1·21×105/kg。GVHD预防采用环胞菌素A(CsA)+骁悉(MMF)+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)。移植后应用G-CSF加速造血重建。结果脐血造血干细胞未植入,自体造血恢复。移植治疗后,患儿病情逐渐好转。随访至移植后14个月,病情持续完全缓解。结论噬血细胞综合征经化疗和免疫治疗不能缓解者,应及时进行移植治疗;供体细胞植入失败的移植,也有可能暂时或长期缓解病情。     

无关脐血移植治疗儿童高危急性白血病临床研究

目的　探讨无关脐血移植 (UD UCBT)治疗儿童高危急性白血病的疗效及合并症。方法　采用UD UCBT治疗儿童高危急性白血病 5例 ,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 2例 ,急性混合性白血病 (HAL) 1例 ,慢性粒细胞白血病 (CML)急淋变 1例 ,非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (Ⅳ期 )第 2次完全缓解 (CR2 ) 1例。人类白细胞相关抗原(HLA) 5 / 6个位点相合 3例 ,6 / 6个位点相合 2例。输入脐血 (UCB)有核细胞数为 (4 9～ 11 78)× 10 7/kg。结果　 5例患儿中 4例获得造血重建。白细胞恢复至 1 0× 10 9/L以上所需时间为 13～ 18d ,与异基因骨髓移植无明显差别 ;但血小板恢复延迟 ,恢复至 2 0× 10 9/L以上所需时间为 4 5～ 6 0d。 4例获得造血重建患儿中 ,2例发生Ⅰ度急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD) ,Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度aGVHD各 1例。aGVHD出现较早 (在脐血输注后 4～ 10d)。但增加环孢素A(CsA)剂量 ,加用甲基泼尼松龙治疗 ,aGVHD容易控制。结论　UD UCBT可有效重建造血 ,但血小板恢复延迟。严重aGVHD的发生与HLA不相合位点数目无关。在疾病的恢复稳定状态进行移植治疗 ,可望获得更好的远期疗效。     

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1资料和方法1.1一般资料患儿男,7岁。确诊为高危型急性淋巴细胞白血病,予诱导化疗后达完全缓解(CR),继巩固治疗及早期强化。脐血移植前患儿巨细胞病毒(CMV)抗体阴性,CMV-pp65抗原阴性。患儿处于CR期已4个月,本院于2004年6月对其进行了HLA不全相合非亲缘供者脐血移植。脐血来自广州脐血库,供受者HLA分型显示HLA-DRB1有1个位点不合,供受者ABO血型主要不合。1.2方法预处理方案:氟达拉滨每日30mg/kg用5d,环磷酰胺每日60mg/kg用2d,马利兰每日4mg/kg用2d,抗胸腺球蛋白每日3mg/kg用3d。脐血移植:脐血复温后总有核细胞数1·22×109,输注供…     

HLA不全相合非亲缘脐血移植治疗儿童多次复发白血病1例

目的：应用HLA不全相合的非亲缘脐血移植(CBT)治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病L-1(ALL L-1)3次骨髓复发第4次完全缓解(CR-4)的患儿,观察造血重建和移植后相关并发症的发生。方法：患儿4岁10个月,患ALL-L-1已 2.5 年,骨髓复发3次,CR-4后进行CBT。使用改良的马利兰、环磷酰胺及抗胸腺球蛋白(BU/CY+ATG)方案进行预处理后给予HLA 6个主要位点5个相合的非亲缘脐血进行CBT。供体女性,ABO血型供、受体均为A型。输入有核细胞数 7.0×107/kg,其中CD34+细胞 2.52×105/kg,脐血量42.5 ml。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防治疗选用环孢霉素A(CsA)及骁悉,同时给予细胞因子及其它支持治疗。结果：移植后+34天外周血WBC>1.0×109/L,+54天血小板>20×109/L。+60天骨髓细胞学检查示骨髓增生活跃,未见原始及幼稚淋巴细胞,染色体检测XX性染色体占45%,呈混合嵌合植入。受者未发生急、慢性GVHD,随访至+176天患儿因发热、腹痛确诊为阑尾周围脓肿合并腹膜炎,治疗无效于+180天死亡。结论：该例ALL患儿在CR-4后进行HLA不全相合的非亲缘CBT,仍可成功植入。植入后在免疫功能重建之前感染是威胁患儿生命的危险因素。     

造血干细胞移植治疗湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征的临床研究——单中心11年回顾性分析

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征(WAS)的疗效、早期并发症、预后影响因素及脐血作为WAS移植供体选择的可行性。方法对上海儿童医学中心2006年11月-2018年9月接受allo-HSCT的29例确诊WAS患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 29例WAS患儿接受allo-HSCT治疗,其中13例接受脐血(UCB)移植,16例接受外周血干细胞(PBSC)移植,其中同胞全相合供体(MSD)移植2例,全相合无关供体(MUD)移植8例,不全相合无关供体(MMUD)4例,亲缘不全相合供体(MMSD)移植2例。经环磷酰胺+白消安+抗人胸腺球蛋白清髓性预处理后,所有患儿均获得完全植入。总体2年无病生存率为93%(27/29)。UCB和PBSC移植中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为12d vs.11d(P=0.215)和47d vs.26d(P=0.133)。69%患者发生aGVHD,均为2～3度皮肤GVHD,UCB移植患者与PBSC移植患者相比aGVHD发生程度及持续时间无差异(P值分别为0.445和0.345)。不全相合较全相合供体移植aGVHD持续时间更长(P=0.001),但两者间aGVHD发生程度及频率差异无显著性(P=0.875)。导管相关血行感染主要发生于围移植期,发生率26.1%。结论 allo-HSCT治疗WAS总体预后好,脐血是WAS患儿合适的造血干细胞来源。     

亲代外周血造血干细胞移植成功治愈重型β-地中海贫血1例

目的 研究了亲代供者外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重型β-地中海贫血(简称地贫)的相关问题。方法 改进了预处理方案：采用生理反馈机制，即在预处理前进行了高频输注红细胞悬液，使Hb达130g/L以上，同时口服羟基脲抑制造血使术前地贫骨髓的富细胞性变成贫细胞性，使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)加强对宿主淋巴细胞的攻击力度，结合使用马利兰、氟达拉宾和环磷酰胺。预处理后输异基因外周血干细胞3次。三次输入MNC分别为3．5×10^9／k，4．8×10^8/kg及6．2×10^7／kg。结果移植过程中出现Ⅱ°皮肤GVHD、出血性膀胱炎、霉菌感染等并发症，均得到有效控制。+16d(移植后为+)外周血等位基因PCR-STR检测13位点证实10个不相同位点均转为供体型(供受者本身有三个位点相同)，完全植入。并于移植后+70d复查证实仍为完全植入状态。目前患儿移植后已5月余，无cGVHD表现。已五个月未输血制品，白细胞正常，血小板维持在90G／L，血红蛋白维持在110g/L。结论 亲代所供HLA一个亚型不相含的外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重症β-地中海贫血是简单、可行的。     

Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplant for beta-thalassemia major

A 5-year-old boy with beta-thalassemia major received an unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (URD-UCBT). The URD-UCB was six antigen HLA matched. The infused cell dose was 7.5 x 10(7)/kg nucleated cells. Conditioning included busulfan 20 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg, fludarabine 150 mg/kg, thiotepa 6 mg/kg, and antithymocyte globulin 90 mg/kg. The post transplant complications were mild hepatic veno-occlusive disease, acute GVHD grade III, and CMV interstitial pneumonia. The subject has been ex-thalassemic for more than 20 months post transplant. The chronic GVHD was limited and could be controlled by methylprednisolone combined with mycophenolate. This is the first successful report of an unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for beta-thalassemia major from China.     

单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型β-地中海贫血

目的：目前仅有30％左右的重型β-地中海贫血患者能找到HLA全相合的同胞供者,使造血干细胞移植治疗该病受到限制。该研究通过探讨单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型β-地中海贫血的疗效,希望能够拓展供者源。方法：采用单倍体脐血或骨髓对10例重型β-地中海贫血患儿进行11例次移植。使用以羟基脲、氟达拉滨、白消安、环磷酰胺、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白为基础的预处理方案。结果：6例患者获长期稳定植入并脱离红细胞输注;2例短暂植入后排斥,其中1例恢复地中海贫血状态,另1例在移植早期死亡;1例行2次移植均未植入并出现移植后再障;1例未植入,出现再障,1年后恢复地中海贫血状态。8例植入者均发生急性移植物抗宿主病,仅1例发展为皮肤局限性慢性移植物抗宿主病。随访57.1（2.5～85.1）月,总体生存率90%,无病生存率为60%。结论：单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型β-地中海贫血能长期重建造血,在无HLA相合同胞供体时,可以作为造血干细胞移植治疗的一种选择。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：546-548］     

非血缘相关脐血移植治疗儿童高危白血病的临床观察

目的：非血缘脐血具有快速寻求、容易得到和HLA配型不严格的特点，该文进行了非血缘相关脐血移植（UD-UCBT）治疗儿童恶性白血病的研究并探讨其疗效问题。方法：对6例难治性白血病患儿，包括3例急性淋巴细胞白血病（2例高危CR1，1例标危CR2），2例幼年慢性粒单细胞白血病（1例缓解期，1例加速期）和1例急性髓系白血病（AML- M5，CR1）进行了非血缘相关脐血移植，HLA高分辨1例全相合，1例5个位点相合，1例4个位点相合，3例3个位点相合。预处理选用白消安/环磷酰胺/ATG或全身放疗/环磷酰胺/ATG为主方案。于 0 d 回输脐血，有核细胞中位数为8.51×107/kg，CD34+细胞中位数为1.81×105/kg。预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）采用环孢霉素A、甲基泼尼松龙和骁悉或CD25单抗。结果：中性粒细胞绝对值（ANC）≥0.5×109/L和PLT≥20×109/L的中位天数分别是+13 d、+30 d，移植证据均为供者型。4例出现Ⅰ~Ⅲ度GVHD，均控制。随访中位时间12个月，未发生慢性GVHD，现存活4例血型均转为供者型，无复发。结论：脐血提供快速有效的造血干细胞，为治疗儿童白血病提供良好时机，非血缘相关脐血移植能耐受HLA多个位点不相合。急性GVHD发生率也较高，存在移植物抗白血病作用。     

Successful matched-unrelated bone marrow transplantation in a patient with beta-thalassemia major

The authors describe a 5-year-old boy with beta-thalassemia major who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donor. The conditioning regimen consisted of 16 mg/kg busulfan and 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. The transplantation was complicated with grade II graft-versus-host disease, although prophylaxis with cyclosporine and short-term methotrexate was carried out. Cytomegalovirus disease occurred at 2 months after transplantation but was controlled successfully. The child remains disease-free and in good clinical condition 53 months after BMT. The authors suggest that BMT from an HLA-matched unrelated donor could be considered as an alternative treatment in patients with beta-thalassemia major when no HLA-matched donor is available.     

Successful unrelated cord blood transplantation in a child with beta-thalassemia major

We report here the first successful transplant of unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) for a child with beta-thalassemia major in Taiwan. A total of 2.48 x 10(5)/kg CD34 cells were infused into a 3(1/2)-year-old girl following conditioning with a pre-transplant cytoreductive/immunosuppressive regimen of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The absolute neutrophil count first exceeded 0.5 x 10(9)/l on day 17, and the patient became red cell- and platelet-independent on days 34 and 49, respectively. Engraftment of donor hematopoietic populations was documented by cytogenetic analysis, hemoglobin electrophoresis, Southern blot analysis for thalassemia markers, and molecular analysis of short tandem repeats sequences. The patient was ex-thalassemic for more than 15 months post transplant. From this experience, it is postulated that UCB will indeed allow us to expand the available donor pool for recipients with an HLA DRB1 mismatched at one locus and reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease.     

慢性移植物抗宿主病的预防和治疗

目的　分析儿童异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后慢性移植物抗宿主病 (cGVHD)的特点及甲泼尼龙(MP)、吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)与他克莫司(FK506)或环孢素A(CSA)联合免疫抑制治疗的效果,探讨有效治疗方案。方法　共进行异基因造血干细胞移植 45例, 30例完全植入。完全植入的患儿中脐血移植(UCBT)17例,异基因外周血干细胞移植 (PBSCT) 13例。GVHD的预防采用CSA、MP、氨甲蝶呤及MMF等组合的方案。cGVHD患者采用MP+MMF+FK506或MMF+CSA联合治疗方案。结果　30例完全植入的患儿中发生cGVHD者 9例(30% );其中血缘相关PBSCT13例中发生cGVHD6例(46% );UCBT者完全植入 17例,发生cGVHD3例(18% )。急性GVHD迁延者 6例(67% )。1例患儿经CSA+MMF联合治疗痊愈; 8例采用MP+MMF+FK506“三联”治疗,cGVHD症状均得到有效控制,有效率为 100%, 2例分别并发巨细胞病毒间质性肺炎或败血症死亡,死亡率为22%; 7例无事件生存>3年(78% )。副作用有肝损害、肾损害、高血压、关节滑膜炎、心律失常,均在减药或停药、对症处理后毒副作用消失。感染是主要的合并症和死亡原因。结论　PBSCT者cGVHD发生率较UCBT者高;急性GVHD迁延是发生cGVHD的高危因素;选用包含MP、MMF、FK506 (或CSA)的 2~3种药物联合免疫治疗cGVHD,效果理想,患儿均能耐受,是     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with homozygous beta-thalassemia and severe beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease

To determine the outcome of children with homozygous beta-thalassemia (beta/beta) and severe beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease (beta/E) who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). The authors conducted a cohort study of allogeneic PBSCT in beta/beta and beta/E patients who had 6/6 or 5/6 HLA-matched sibling donors. All patients received a conditioning regimen including busulfan and cyclophosphamide, except one who received busul-fan and cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine A and methotrexate for eight patients and cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil for one patient. Donors received G-CSF for 4 days before leukapheresis collections. There were five beta/beta and four beta/E patients in this study. The median age was 9 years (range 1.5-10 years). The median CD34+ cell count was 7.4 x 10(6) cells/kg recipient body weight. All patients achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment with a median time of 15 days and 21 days respectively. Acute GVHD grade 2 to 4 appeared in four patients (grade 2, n = 3; grade 4, n = 1). Three patients developed chronic GVHD (limited, n = 2; extensive, n = 1). All patients were alive with a median follow-up time of 23 months (range 7-52 months). Neither graft failure nor graft rejection was observed. Allogeneic PBSCT is feasible for children with beta/beta and beta/E, although the incidence of GVHD was apparently high compared with bone marrow transplant study in Thais.     

Umbilical cord blood transplantation in Chinese children with beta-thalassemia

To evaluate factors affecting outcome of sibling umbilical cord blood transplantation in Chinese children with thalassemia. The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients undergoing such transplants in a single institution. Nine children with thalassemia major were diagnosed at a median age of 12 months. They received irregular blood transfusions and suboptimal iron chelation therapy before transplant. Sibling cord blood transplant was performed at a median of 5.5 years (range 3.5-10 years). Six donors were HLA-identical; three were one- to three-antigen mismatched. The mean number of nucleated cells infused was 6.6 x 10(7)/kg (range 3.4-12.7); the mean number of CD34+ cells infused was 3.8 x 10(5)kg (range 0.6-11.7). Seven patients had engraftment of donor cells. The median number of days to achieve a neutrophil count of > 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 19 days (range 10-25); the median number of days to achieve a platelet count of > 20 x 10(9)/L was 33 days (range 19-63). Of the six patients who received HLA-identical transplants, one developed grade 2 and two developed grade 1 acute graft-versus-host disease. Two of the three patients receiving mismatched cord blood did not achieve engraftment, and the other one engrafted but developed grade 4 acute graft-versus-host disease. Two patients subsequently developed secondary graft rejection and had autologous marrow regeneration before day 60 posttransplantation. With a median follow-up of 49 months (range 38-64), eight patients survived but only four were transfusion-independent. Umbilical cord blood transplant appears to have a higher chance of nonengraftment and secondary rejection. A more intensive immunosuppressive conditioning regimen may be required.     

Successful transplantation of haploidentical CD34+ selected bone marrow cells for an infantile case of severe combined immunodeficiency with aspergillus pneumonia

A 5-month-old boy with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and aspergillus pneumonia was successfully transplanted. Before and during transplantation, the patient received O2 administration, systemic amphotericin B, and itraconazole. The transplant was performed with a conditioning regimen of busulfan/cyclophosphamide and 2.9 x 10(6)/kg of CD34+ selected bone marrow cells from his HLA haploidentical mother. Acute grade II graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was well controlled. Neutrophil counts reached >0.5 x 10(9)/L by day 15 and platelet counts reached > 50 x 10(9)/L by day 48. The T-cell subset (counts) in peripheral blood increased to 42.2% (0.31 x 10(9)/L) by day 46. The pneumonia improved by day 54. The patient has been doing well with limited chronic GvHD of the gut with a follow-up of longer than 40 months after BMT. Conquest of aspergillus pneumonia in SCID infants could be achieved by CD34+ bone marrow cell transplantation together with appropriate anti-fungal treatment.     

Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for an infant with beta-thalassemia major

BACKGROUND: beta-thalassemia major, one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies throughout the world, can be cured by allogeneic stem cell transplantation therapy. Many patients, however, lack a suitably matched related donor. Unrelated umbilical cord blood can be used as an alternative stem cell source for some of these patients. This report describes the successful transplantation of a 2-month-old infant with beta-thalassemia major using partially HLA-matched unrelated umbilical cord blood. METHODS: After cytoreduction with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (ATG), the patient underwent transplantation at the age of 2 months with a 4/6 HLA matching umbilical cord blood unit from an unrelated donor. RESULTS: The patient engrafted promptly with 100% donor chimerism. His only major complication was an autoimmune hemolytic anemia that resolved 2 years after transplantation. He is currently surviving, event-free, 5 years after transplantation with normal growth and cognitive development and full donor chimerism without evidence of beta-thalassemia. CONCLUSIONS: Umbilical cord blood transplantation from related and unrelated donors should be considered for patients with beta-thalassemia major who lack traditional bone marrow donors. As most newborns undergo screening for hemoglobinopathies, those with disease could be transplanted early in life before experiencing the morbidity and mortality caused by transfusion therapy, alloimmunization, and iron overload, increasing the likelihood of successful transplantation therapy.