已婚女性6 605例生殖健康状况的调查分析

目的：通过对内蒙部队已婚女性及女性配偶的生殖健康普查，建立内蒙部队已婚妇女生殖健康档案，为做好女性生殖健康服务提供科学依据。方法：2002～2003年对内蒙部队6605例已婚妇女及家属的婚育史、计划生育措施、月经情况、生殖系统进行全面检查和登记，填写问卷调查表，将资料结果进行统计分析。结果：检出疾病2099例人次，检出率31．78％。其中外阴发病率13．48‰，阴道发病率29．22‰，宫颈发病率167．60‰，子宫及附件发病率55．11‰，乳腺发病率13．02‰，月经病发生率39．36‰；采用女性宫内节育器避孕者占91．10％；对健康服务的满意率为97．40％；对个人婚姻质量的满意率为75．85％．对性生活满意率为54．19％。结论：虽然内蒙部队已婚妇女生殖健康状况尚好，但仍不能忽视，应针对不同年龄段采取相应的生殖保健服务措施，以提高内蒙部队已婚妇女的生殖健康水平。     

82945例农村妇女生殖健康状况分析

目的为了做好计划生育优质技术服务工作,了解我市已婚农村妇女生殖健康状况.方法由我站组织医疗小组深入基层进行B超、妇科检查及阴道分泌物检查.结果普查已婚妇女82945例,总患病人数为3358.5例,总发病率为40.49%.结论生殖道感染、宫颈炎主要分布在30～50岁的已婚妇女;子宫肌瘤主要分布在30～50岁左右的人群;生殖系统恶性肿瘤主要分布在40～60岁人群,农村妇女生殖保健的意识相当薄弱,她们是当今社会中的弱势群体,应对她们的健康高度关注.     

城镇已婚妇女生殖健康临床检验的状况及分析

目的为对妇女保健、预防妇女常见病提供理论指导,调查在本院普查的已婚妇女的生殖健康状况。方法检查并分析2011年6月至2012年6月在本院进行健康检查的1632例已婚妇女。结果其中妇科生殖病患者1024例(62.75%),中年妇女(30~40岁)居多,共536例,占患病人数的52.34%。前三位高发妇科生殖病依次为宫颈炎360例(35.16%)、阴道炎277例(27.05%)、盆腔炎200例(19.53%)。结论生殖感染严重危害女性身心健康,政府相关部门应积极开展妇女健康教育的普及活动,降低妇女生殖感染率,加强已婚妇女的生殖健康认识。     

深圳市泥岗社区已婚妇女常见病发病情况及相关因素调查

目的 :了解泥岗社区已婚妇女常见病发病情况及影响因素。方法 :随机抽取辖区 110名已婚妇女进行问卷调查、妇科检查及实验室检查 ,应用 SPSS/ 10 .0软件进行数据的统计分析。结果 :妇女常见病发病率为生殖道感染 38.8%、盆腔肿物 4.9%、痛经 1.9%。从不作妇检 ,内裤与其它衣物混洗是妇女病发病的危险因素 ,而洗澡用具专用是保护因素。结论 :已婚妇女生殖道感染的防治应为今后妇女常见病防治的重要内容 ,在社区应开展以健康教育为主的促进已婚妇女生殖健康的工作     

深圳市2650名女性公务员生殖健康状况分析

目的　了解深圳市女性公务员生殖健康状况 ,为深圳市开展生殖健康优质服务提供依据。方法　对深圳市 2 6 5 0名 2 1～ 6 5岁妇女进行妇科病普查及乳腺检查。结果　妇科疾病发病率为 6 2 .72 %,妇科疾病发病率从高到低为 :宫颈炎、乳腺增生、生殖道肿瘤、阴道炎及盆腔炎。不同年龄组妇女科疾病患病率不同。结论　深圳市育龄女性公务员妇科患病率较高 ,生殖健康知识和宫内避孕环的知识缺乏 ,应加强生殖健康知识的宣传教育和妇科病的普查、普治工作 ,为广大妇女提供生殖健康的优质服务     

2010年开原市农村妇女生殖健康现状调查

目的为了解开原市农村妇女生殖健康现状,为开原市有关部门针对女性生殖健康科普宣传提供科学依据。方法对开原市18个乡镇自愿参检的已婚妇女8735人进行了生殖健康检查。结果患病人数5126例,总患病率58.68%。患病率依次为宫颈疾病2214例(34.58%),阴道疾病1038例(16.21%),乳腺疾病1597例(24.95%),妇科肿瘤201例(3.92%),其他疾病76例(1.46%),不同年龄段各类妇科疾病的发病率有所不同。     

育龄期已婚妇女生殖健康知识调查分析

目的 调查育龄期已婚妇女生殖健康知识知晓率,为临床健康教育提供方向性的指导,提高育龄期已婚妇女对性和生育的决策意识及自我保健能力.方法 采用问卷调查方法对98例育龄已婚妇女进行无记名封闭式调查.结果 年龄和学历与采取避孕措施和避孕失败后的补救均具有显著相关性(P<0.05,P<0.01).育龄妇女对不健康性行为及其危害性知之甚少.89.79%育龄妇女想了解性生理、避孕、生育及妇科疾病的预防或性传播疾病知识,但只有36.73%遇到生殖健康问题时通过医护途径咨询.结论 育龄已婚妇女对生殖健康知识的掌握程度受到年龄、文化等因素影响.     

233例社区育龄妇女生殖健康普查结果的分析

目的掌握社区育龄妇女生殖健康状况。方法对社区已婚育龄妇女划分为3个年龄组进行生殖健康相关检查,检查内容包括:白带常规检查、B超检查子宫及附件、乳腺疾病检查,统计各年龄组、各种妇科疾病的患病率并进行比较。结果共检查已婚育龄妇女233例,各种妇科疾病患病病例共143例,患病率为60.09%,乳腺增生患病率最高,占56.65%,其次是宫颈糜烂(34.76%),子宫肌瘤(9.01%)。结论妇女生殖健康普查能够对妇女常见病和多发病起到早发现、早诊断、早治疗的作用,从而促进妇女生殖健康。     

11386例已婚妇女常见病筛查结果分析与干预

目的:统计分析扬州市邗江区已婚妇女常见病筛查结果,掌握已婚妇女的健康状况,为今后开展妇女保健干预工作提供依据。方法:对11 386名已婚妇女进行妇女常见病筛查,分析筛查结果并提出干预措施。结果:妇女常见疾病检出6 350例,患病率55.77%。其中生殖系统疾病2 865例,患病率为25.16%,乳腺疾病3 506例,患病率为30.79%。检查发现宫颈鳞状细胞癌2例,未发现乳腺癌患者。结论:生殖系统疾病和乳腺疾病是影响邗江区妇女健康的重要问题。应该有针对性地开展妇女保健知识的健康教育,增强妇女防病意识;积极争取政府部门支持,在全区落实免费的妇女常见病筛查方案,提高参检率和治疗随访依从率;规范开展妇女常见病筛查工作,提高妇女生殖健康水平。     

已婚妇女2500例生殖健康状况调查分析

目的对已婚妇女的生殖健康状况进行调查分析,建立已婚妇女生殖健康档案,为该人群常见病、多发病的预防和治疗提供科学依据,促进其身心健康。方法选择2011年1月至2012年12月自愿接受生殖系统健康检查和妇科疾病普查的已婚妇女2 500例。检查项目:妇科检查、宫颈涂片、B超检查、红外线乳腺扫描和实验室检查。制订统一的普查标准,对普查资料进行统计学分析。结果已婚妇女生殖系统疾病患病率为38.0%(950/2 500),宫颈炎占所有妇科疾病的首位。宫颈炎、阴道炎和附件炎患病率分别为24.5%(613/2 500)、5.7%(143/2 500)、2.8%(71/2 500)。不同年龄组已婚妇女各种疾病发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同文化程度已婚妇女宫颈炎、阴道炎、附件炎、乳腺疾病、卵巢肿瘤患病情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但子宫肌瘤患病情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同职业已婚妇女宫颈炎、阴道炎、附件炎、乳腺疾病患病情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但子宫肌瘤、卵巢肿瘤患病情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论已婚妇女生殖系统疾病患病率较高,针对性地开展妇科常见病、多发病普查和多元化的健康教育,可以降低其生殖系统感染率,促进已婚妇女的生殖健康,全面提高其生活质量。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.