构建我国远程继续医学教育评估指标体系

在研究与借鉴国内外关于远程教育评估的基础上,就如何构建我国远程继续医学教育评估指标体系进行了探讨,希望能对我国开展远程医学继续医学教育评估有所帮助.     

建立具有中国特色的继续医学教育模式：谈开展我国继续医学教育存在的问题

开展继续医学教育，适应新形势的发展建立具有中国特色的继续医学教育模式，是当前医学教育改革中一个重大课题。就甸目前继续医学教育中存在的问题，分析和总结了国外开展继续医学教育的经验，提出开展我国继续医学教育的对策；更新观念、制定政策、分级管理、形式多样。     

国外远程医学教育教学质量评价体系研究

目的了解目前国外远程医学教育教学质量评估的现状与发展趋势,促进我国远程医学教育评估的发展。方法采用文献研究的方法对国外远程医学教育质量评估及发展趋势进行收集、整理、归纳与分析。结果国外远程医学教学评估从规章制度建设、教学资源、师资队伍建设和教学效果四个方面进行评估,对提高教学质量成效显著。结论国外远程医学教学评估体系值得借鉴与学习。     

建立具有中国特色的继续医学教育模式——谈开展我国继续医学教育存在的问题及对策

开展继续医学教育,适应新形势的发展,建立具有中国特色的继续医学教育模式,是当前医学教育改革中一个重大课题。就我国目前继续医学教育中存在的问题,分析和总结了国外开展继续医学教育的经验,提出开展我国继续医学教育的对策:更新观念、制定政策、分级管理、形式多样。     

规范化继续教育是医院持续发展的保障——中山市人民医院“九五”期间继续医学教育工作回顾

规范化的继续医学教育工作是医院持续发展的保障。做法:从建立和健全管理制度,建立有效的激励及考核评估机制、加强信息处理及建立个人继续医学教育档案、利用信息技术开展远程医学教育、与医学院校联合办学、抓紧住院医师规范化培训等方面规范实施。     

军队继续医学教育培训项目评估体系的构建

军队继续医学教育培训项目的开展,重在质量和效果。构建军队继续医学教育培训项目的评估体系,可以有效地控制培训质量,评估教学效果,对促进军队继续医学教育的可持续发展具有重要的指导意义。     

应用实时、交互式远程医学教育系统开展继续医学教育

回顾了远程教育的历程 ,分析了远程继续医学教育的现状 ,介绍了云南省第一人民医院引进的“远程可视医疗及实时、交互式远程医学教育系统”的特点 ,功能及开展工作的情况。     

医学会开展继续医学教育的做法与体会

提出了继续医学教育项目的选题，阐述了开展继续医学教育项目各期的重点工作，列举了医学会开展继续医学教育的优势，指出通过开展继续医学教育，为广大医务人员提供学习、交流的机会和平台，为我国的医学事业作贡献。     

安徽省继续医学教育统计报告与评估试行办法

为了解、掌握我省继续医学教育工作开展情况和目标任务完成情况，对各地、有关单位继续医学教育工作进行客观评价，加强继续医学教育工作的督导和监控，建立继续医学教育统计报告与评估制度，保证继续医学教育质量，根据《安徽省继续医学教育实施细则》，特制定本办法。     

我国继续医学教育体制的探讨

笔者提出以政府部门、学术团体、卫生实体单位为一体，组成我国继续医学教育的网络体，因此就能解决组织领导、师资、对象、基地、设施、综合评估、统一政策步调、科学的教育计革和管理等各个环节问题，起到“牵一发而动全身“的效果，不失为有领导、花钱少、实效快的适合我国情况的继续医学教育路子。文中分叙了各部分应负的能以及具备的优势，从而把继续医学教育工作，从开始阶段就纳入一个整体的社会系统工程，避免不协凋的状况发     

Permanent education in health: a review

OBJECTIVE

To undertake a meta-synthesis of the literature on the main concepts and practices related to permanent education in health.

METHODS

A bibliographical search was conducted for original articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and SciELO databases, using the following search terms: “public health professional education”, “permanent education”, “continuing education”, “permanent education health”. Of the 590 articles identified, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 were selected for further analysis, grouped according to the criteria of key elements, and then underwent meta-synthesis.

RESULTS

The 48 original publications were classified according to four thematic units of key elements: 1) concepts, 2) strategies and difficulties, 3) public policies and 4) educational institutions. Three main conceptions of permanent education in health were found: problem-focused and team work, directly related to continuing education and education that takes place throughout life. The main strategies for executing permanent education in health are discussion, maintaining an open space for permanent education, and permanent education clusters. The most limiting factor is mainly related to directly or indirect management. Another highlight is the requirement for implementation and maintenance of public policies, and the availability of financial and human resources. The educational institutions need to combine education and service aiming to form critical-reflexive graduates.

CONCLUSIONS

The coordination between health and education is based as much on the actions of health services as on management and educational institutions. Thus, it becomes a challenge to implement the teaching-learning processes that are supported by critical-reflexive actions. It is necessary to carry out proposals for permanent education in health involving the participation of health professionals, teachers and educational institutions.     

Some problems in teaching clinical decision-making

Evaluation of a number of courses in clinical decision-making (CDM) indicates that there are well-defined problems in teaching this subject. This paper describes some of the difficulties and proposes appropriate remedies. Problems in teaching undergraduates are different from those in the postgraduate years. Three areas where the principles of CDM are particularly useful to undergraduates relate to the structuring of clinical problems, clarifying the place of value judgements and developing new concepts regarding test ordering, particularly the importance of false positive rates and the overwhelming power of prior probabilities. In postgraduate teaching the most important areas relate to the origin of probability and of utility estimates. The complexity of decision analysis also needs critical comment. Two remedies are suggested which will help course developers when faced with these problems. Firstly, the early introduction of concepts regarding sensitivity analysis, making it clear that with the aid of CDM we are able to deal with a wide range of probability estimates, precision rarely being required in clinical medicine. Secondly, the availability of educational support systems will help expert clinicians teach CDM concepts within their own field.     

A dental attachment for medical students

All final-year medical students at the University of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) are required to do a week's dental attachment. The course comprises tutorial sessions, practical sessions and clinical demonstrations. The major aim is to equip medical graduates of the Godfrey Muggins School of Medicine with the dental knowledge and expertise required by medical practitioners in Zimbabwe.     

An international survey of medical school programmes on nuclear war

Many medical organizations have acknowledged the responsibility of doctors to educate health professionals and the public about the medical, social and ecological consequences of nuclear war. Medical schools have begun the development of programmes on these topics. A total of 1130 medical schools in thirty-one countries were surveyed about their presentation of nuclear-war-related subject matter. Eighty-three (49%) of the 168 schools that responded indicated that they offered an activity on medical aspects of nuclear war. Thirty-two per cent of the programmes consisted of one or more hours in an existing required course. Twelve per cent offered an elective course solely concerned with nuclear war. Although only 15% of the schools responded many of the replies indicated interest in learning more about the programmes of other schools and inquired if curriculum or teaching materials were available. Through the survey it was learned that textbooks and other learning resources have been prepared. Survey information suggests that knowledge of nuclear weapons effects is associated with a reluctance to countenance nuclear war.     

What should be taught in anatomy?

The aim of the undergraduate course in topographical anatomy should be to enable the student more meaningfully to carry out a physical medical examination, and to become familiar with the normal, thus providing the intellectual and technical background for later study of the abnormal. Attendance at postgraduate courses should be compulsory for admission to postgraduate surgical examinations; such courses should be complementary, not supplementary, to undergraduate courses.     

Trends of medical education in Japan†

Summary. This article introduces recent trends in medical education in Japan, from undergraduate education through continuing education, and explains changes in the number of medical schools and in the content of the curriculum. Some obstacles to the implementation of changes, particularly in undergraduate medical education, are discussed. Now that Japan has become relatively developed in the quantity of its health manpower and also socioeconomically, a change must be directed towards qualitative reorganization and rearrangement in medical education in line with the objectives posed for the new century. The establishment of something new is difficult; to change something old and established, however, is much more difficult. In Japan, while some new designs in the curriculum are found in almost all the new schools, any fundamental change in the established curriculum in the old schools can be found only rarely, and attempts at changing the established curriculum frequently encountered resistance in the old schools.     

推进我国研究生教育国际化争创世界一流大学

研究生教育是我国教育结构中的最高层次,它的国际化是当前高等教育发展的重要特征与明显趋势,是经济全球化趋势下国家增强国力和国际竞争力的重要支撑力量,是高等院校创建世界一流大学的重要发展战略。本文通过分析我国研究生教育国际化的发展现状,探讨了当前我国研究生教育国际化面临的一些问题,最后针对我国研究生教育国际化发展进程、创建世界一流大学提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Impact of an independent-study programme upon professional careers

A survey of graduates of the Independent-Study Programme (ISP) at the College of Medicine, University of Illinois, was conducted in order to assess the impact of the ISP on their subsequent careers. Responses from ninety-nine of these graduates, when compared with their classmates, lend strong support to the idea that such an independent study programme has long-lasting effects on the participants. The ISP graduates are selecting a medical subspecialty in a much higher percentage than their classmates or the national average. They also are engaging in more research, administration, and teaching. Differences between the ISP and the traditional graduates are explained in terms of unique educational opportunities, contact with teachers and peers, orientation towards independent learning and curricular requirements.