从一对夫妻患者的诊治过程探讨2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疑似患者的管理

观察2例2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疑似患者诊断、治疗以及隔离管理的过程,结合文献分析COVID-19疑似患者的临床特征和管理重点。COVID-19是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染所致的疾病,SARS-CoV-2具有很强的传染性,甚至无症状感染者也可能传播病毒。SARS-CoV-2可通过接触传播、飞沫传播,并可能通过气溶胶传播。在临床发热门诊的患者管理中,准确识别并管理好疑似患者,采取严格的隔离措施,对院内感染的防控极为重要。     

支气管镜技术在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用及相关职业防护

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）已发展为全球大流行,对民众健康和经济发展造成严重影响。本文总结了SARS-CoV-2首次分离、鉴定样本的来源及病毒RNA病原学检测过程中存在的问题,探讨了支气管镜技术应用于COVID-19诊断的必要性和局限性,阐述了在对COVID-19患者进行支气管镜操作中的职业防护措施,提出加快研发支气管镜操作相关的一次性防护装置的重要性。     

Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coro-navirus(MERS-CoV)in the twenty-first century.In this minireview,we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections,which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection.     

Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants

The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised global health concerns. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CL^pro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. 3CL^pro is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to that of SARS-CoV. Therefore, herein, we analysed the 3CL^pro sequence, constructed its 3D homology model, and screened it against a medicinal plant library containing 32,297 potential anti-viral phytochemicals/traditional Chinese medicinal compounds. Our analyses revealed that the top nine hits might serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimisation and drug development process to combat COVID-19.     

COVID-19 vaccine candidates and vaccine development platforms available worldwide

The pandemic caused by the worldwide spread of the coronavirus, which first appeared in 2019, has been named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). More than 4.5 million deaths have been recorded due to the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), according to the World Health Organization. COVID-19 Dashboard in September 2021. Apart from the wildtype, other variations have been successfully transmitted early in the outbreak although they were not discovered until March 2020. Modifications in the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material, such as mutation and recombination, have the ability to modify the viral life span, along with transitivity, cellular tropism, and symptom severity. Several processes are involved in introducing novel vaccines to the population, including vaccine manufacturing, preclinical studies, Food and Drug Administration permission or certification, processing, and marketing. COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed by a number of public and private groups employing a variety of strategies, such as RNA, DNA, protein, and viral vectored vaccines. This comprehensive review, which included the most subsequent evidence on unique features of SARS-CoV-2 and the associated morbidity and mortality, was carried out using a systematic search of recent online databases in order to generate useful knowledge about the COVID-19 updated versions and their consequences on the disease symptoms and vaccine development.     

SARS-CoV-2对神经系统损害的研究进展

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)所引起 的2019 冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情在全球大暴发。SARS-CoV-2 感染除了可累及呼吸系统 外,还可导致严重的神经系统损伤。研究表明SARS-CoV-2 可通过血行和跨神经元途径入侵神经系统,并可能通过抑 制细胞免疫、低氧血症及炎症作用,诱导神经元变性与细胞凋亡,以及血管紧张素转化酶2(angiotensin converting enzyme 2,ACE2)机制造成COVID-19 患者的神经系统损害,导致患者颅内感染、中毒性脑病、急性脑血管疾病、肌 肉损害、周围神经系统损伤、急性脊髓炎、脱髓鞘疾病或其他神经系统疾病。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者围手术期处理策略与要点

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）已发展成全球大流行,对公共卫生安全造成严重威胁。由于其病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）可通过飞沫、接触等途径在人与人之间传播,疑似或确诊COVID-19患者在手术室或ICU接受治疗时,如何在实施全面有效治疗的过程中避免病毒进一步播散成为医务人员关注的重点与难点。本文针对SARS-CoV-2的传播特征、围手术期特殊环境及特定操作下的疾病处理和感染控制措施展开讨论。     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2与新型冠状病毒肺炎

目前正在暴发流行的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的病原体是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）,这是近年来继严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERSCoV）之后发现的能够感染人的第7种冠状病毒。SARS-CoV-2系单股正链RNA病毒,传染性强,人群普遍对其缺乏免疫力,疫情目前仍在持续。2020年1月30日（当地时间）,WHO将此次疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）。本文就SARS-CoV-2病原学、致病性及COVID-19的检测诊断、预防控制和临床治疗等领域的进展进行讨论。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行病学、临床治疗与疫情防控

本文系统介绍新型冠状病毒肺炎的病原学、流行病学、传播动力学、临床特征、治疗及防控等多个领域的最新研究进展,同时比较新型冠状病毒与严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒、中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒及H1N1流感病毒所致疫情特征的异同。新型冠状病毒的原始宿主可能为蝙蝠,患者和无症状感染者为传染源,可借助飞沫和接触途径进行人际传播,人群普遍易感。患者临床症状主要表现为发热和咳嗽,伴有白细胞和淋巴细胞减少,但目前尚无特效治疗药物。防控策略上,一方面应着力研发疫苗开展一级预防;另一方面继续贯彻对患者和密切接触者的隔离、佩戴口罩、及时进行公共场所消毒,同时大力研发快速检测试剂盒,实现对疾病的血清学监测,开展早发现、早诊断、早隔离、早治疗的二级防控策略。此外,应着力降低人群对疾病恐慌、加强防疫宣传与健康教育,共同防控疫情蔓延。     

Potential immunomodulatory role of sesamin in combating immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19

The ongoing outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an unprece...     

The potential of miRNA-based therapeutics in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: A review

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a pandemic in March 2020, and more than 117 million people worldwide have been confirmed to have been infected. Scientists, medical professionals, and other stakeholders are racing against time to find and develop effective medicines for COVID-19. However, no drug with high efficacy to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection has been approved. With the increasing popularity of gene therapy, scientists have explored the utilization of small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) as therapeutics. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs with high affinity for the 3′-UTRs of targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Interactions between host cells and viral genomes may induce the upregulation or downregulation of various miRNAs. Therefore, understanding the expression patterns of these miRNAs and their functions will provide insights into potential miRNA-based therapies. This review systematically summarizes the potential targets of miRNA-based therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and examines the viability of possible transfection methods.     

营养支持在新型冠状病毒感染防治中的重要作用

新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）感染导致了一场持续的全球大流行,适宜的营养支持有助于增强机体免疫力,提升高危人群对新冠病毒的防御能力,降低患病率,预防轻症感染者发展为重症,同时减少康复期不良症状的发生,是预防病毒感染、促进患者康复及改善预后的重要保障。以新冠病毒感染者病症特点为基础设计的全营养配方食品可提供配比适宜的全面营养支持,可有效改善患者营养状况、为提高生存质量提供有力技术支持。在当前新型冠状病毒防控的关键时期,需更加重视营养支持的核心作用,充分发挥营养支持的临床功效。     

Association between 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and the Risk of COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic[1]. Primary prevention, which is aimed at delaying disease onset by modulating modifiable risk factors, has been proposed to address the global challenge posed by COVID-19. Vitamin D plays a critical role in the immune system, and vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for several adverse health outcomes, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Some studies have shown that low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations are associated with a high risk of COVID-19[2], but other studies have found no association[3]. Therefore, the association between 25OHD concentrations and the risk of COVID-19 has not been established. The above studies were observational, and traditional epidemiological studies are vulnerable to reverse causality and residual confounding.     

蝙蝠相关的冠状病毒

2019年12月,新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）暴发,继2003年严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）暴发后又给人类敲响了一记警钟。研究者通过溯源分析,发现COVID-19病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的自然宿主可能是中华菊头蝠。21世纪以来,全球共出现4次冠状病毒[严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）、猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒（SADS-CoV）、SARS-CoV-2]的暴发,给人类健康、公共卫生、经济发展及社会稳定造成了巨大的威胁与损失。大量证据表明,这4种冠状病毒的自然宿主可能均为蝙蝠。本文对蝙蝠相关冠状病毒的种类、全球地理分布及引起暴发的蝙蝠相关冠状病毒作一综述。     

Mobile Triage Applications: A Systematic Review in Literature and Play Store

Journal of Medical Systems - COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread rapidly and affected most of the world since its outbreak in Wuhan, China,...     

qSOFA score poorly predicts critical progression in COVID-19 patients

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift - In December 2019, the new virus infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19: A review

As of August 16, 2021, there have been 207,173,086 confirmed cases and 4,361,996 deaths due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the pandemic remains a global challenge. To date, no effective and approved drugs are available for the treatment of COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a crucial role in the invasion into host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19. Notably, ACE2 density is influenced by medical conditions, such as hypertension, or by drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which can change the fate of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. ACE2 is a target for these drugs and can be manipulated to limit the viral entry and replication within the cells. Different strategies aimed at blocking ACE2 with small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, or by neutralizing the virus through its competitive binding with human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2) are currently under investigation. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge that emphasizes the need to find effective therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by exploiting ACE2 as a potential target. The increased soluble ACE2 levels and the application of hrsACE2 in patients with COVID-19 can be implemented to control the disease. It has not yet been established whether hypertension and other comorbidities, independent of age, have a direct role in COVID-19. Therefore, the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, ACEIs and ARBs, should not be discontinued during COVID-19 treatment.     

Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines: landscape of global studies and potential risks

With the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of vaccines in epidemic prevention and public health has become even more obvious than ever. However, the emergence of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants worldwide has raised concerns about the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we review the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in five platforms and the latest clinical trial results of them. In addition, we further discuss future directions for the research and development of the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines. We also summarize the serious adverse events reported recently after the large-scale vaccination with the current COVID-19 vaccines, including the thromboembolism caused by the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.