邓铁涛经验方治疗急性冠脉综合征冠脉介入后的临床研究

目的 评价邓铁涛经验方治疗急性冠脉综合征(ACS)冠脉介入后患者的疗效与安全性.方法 将ACS冠脉介入后气虚痰瘀证患者62例随机分为治疗组(邓铁涛经验方及常规治疗)与对照组(常规治疗),比较两组中医证候积分、生存质量、心绞痛分级与心血管事件,并进行安全性评价.疗程14 d,随访1个月.结果 两组患者治疗第15天、随访第30天中医症状计分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组低于对照组.两组患者治疗后西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)各维度积分比较,躯体活动受限程度、心绞痛稳定状态、治疗满意程度维度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组优于对照组;心绞痛发作情况、疾病认识程度维度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者治疗第15天、随访第30天心绞痛分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者治疗期间、随访1个月均无心血管事件发生.结论 益气除痰兼以活血功效的方药可改善ACS冠脉介入后患者的临床症状,提高生存质量.     

A Comparative Study on Post-intervention Use of Tirofiban or Enoxaparin in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of post procedure use of platelet glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲ a receptor in- hibitor （PGI） or low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） undergoing dual anti-platelet loading therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods This was a prospective randomized grouping controlled study in 174 patients with ACS received aspirin 300 mg plus clopidogrel 600mg loading before PCI. After procedure, patients were randomized to intravenous tirofiban for 12 -24 hours （tirofiban group） or subcutaneous enoxaparin for 5 days （enoxaparin group）. Cardiac ischemic events, major bleeding complications, minor bleeding complications, thrombocytopenia, and vascular access complications in both groups were investigated. Results Cardiac ischemic events, major bleeding complications, minor bleeding complications, thrombocytopenia, and vascular access complications in tirofiban group were 8.0% , 3.4% , 6.8% , 3.4% , and 3.4% , respectively. In enoxaparin group, aforementioned event rates were 7%, 2. 3%, 6. 0%, 2. 3%, and 5.8%, respectively. No statistical significance was found between two groups. Conclusions In the setting of dual anti-platelet medication loading and PCI for the treatment of ACS, it is effective to use tirofiban or enoxaparin for aggressive post procedure antithrombotic therapy. It comes with a very low major bleeding complication rate. Use of GPI for 12 to 24 hours was comparable to use of LMWH for 5 days in efficacy and safety.     

When Prevention is Truly Better than Cure: Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a fairly frequent complication of cardiovascular angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The risk is significantly higher in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prevention is the only option for avoiding the significant morbidity and mortality associated with CA-AKI. This review provides a concise and clinically directed appraisal of the latest pre-procedural and peri-procedural strategies to minimize the risk of CA-AKI in all patients undergoing PCI. By broadly implementing these evidence-based care bundles, we can dramatically improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.     

老年人急性冠脉综合征介入治疗研究进展

老年人非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征和ST段抬高性心肌梗死的共同问题包括症状不典型、合并危险因素多、临床证据不充分。老年人非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征早期给予经皮冠状动脉介入治疗减少死亡或心肌梗死绝对和相对危险度,长期随访显示其改善生存和症状的优越性。老年人ST段抬高性心肌梗死介入治疗主要获益来自减少再次心肌梗死和重复血运重建;再灌注及时性和可行性是挽救濒危心肌和改善临床预后的重要因素;选择经皮冠状动脉介入治疗或溶栓取决于患者是否存在心源性休克、时间延搁、合并病等因素,多数情况下倾向选择经皮冠状动脉介入治疗。年龄是老年人急性冠脉综合征介入治疗临床疗效的重要影响因素。     

Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock

Background

Recent trials demonstrated a benefit of multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for noninfarct-related artery (non-IRA) stenosis over IRA-only PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) multivessel disease. However, evidence is limited in patients with cardiogenic shock.

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗研究进展

急性心肌梗死的治疗主要涉及药物和介入治疗两个方面。及时有效的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗能迅速开通阻塞的冠状动脉、挽救濒死心肌,降低急性心肌梗死病人的病死率和病残率。现就有关急性心肌梗死的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗研究进展作一综述。     

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Single Coronary Artery Anomaly

We report on a case of an adult male patient with previously unknown coronary anomaly and acute myocardial infarction in the territory of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The coronary angiography showed a single coronary artery with intertruncal course, arising from the right coronary sinus, and thrombotic occlusion of the LAD. Successful transradial percutaneous coronary intervention was done with implantation of an intracoronary stent in the occluded artery. The postprocedural course was complicated by ventricular tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and mild transient renal failure. In conclusion, transradial percutaneous coronary intervention is safe and feasible in rare coronary artery anomalies even in an emergent setting. The finding of an anomalous coronary artery should not be a reason to decline performing coronary intervention. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock

Background

Older adults ≥75 years of age carry an increased risk of mortality after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock.

C-反应蛋白与急性冠脉综合征及其干预研究进展

炎症在急性冠脉综合征的发病机制中发挥重要作用,C-反应蛋白不仅是冠状动脉事件的标志物,也是冠状动脉事件的独立致病因素,因此有效的降低血浆C-反应蛋白浓度将是急性冠脉综合征治疗与预防的又一手段。     

急性冠脉综合征和经皮冠状动脉介入术后:贫血、出血、输血研究进展

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)是心内科常见急症。药物涂层支架及抗血小板药物的不断更新,使ACS病人经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后缺血事件的发生率大幅度降低,但与治疗相伴随的出血并发症却逐渐增加,成为ACS治疗中发生率最高的并发症之一。出血引起贫血或基线水平贫血的ACS病人构成了冠心病又一高危人群。输血作为贫血和急性出血治疗手段并不能明显改善患者预后,但已被纳入评价该类病人危险分层的指标。     

经桡动脉急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的优势与不足

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗是治疗急性心肌梗死,挽救濒死心肌的重要手段。虽然经桡动脉急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死存在一些不足,但实践证明,经桡动脉入路是安全、可行的,并存在很大的优势。它正在成为治疗急性心肌梗死,挽救濒死心肌,开通罪犯血管的最有效方法。     

Percutaneous Hemodynamic Support (Impella) in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure and/or Cardiogenic Shock Not Eligible to PROTECT II Trial

PROTECT I and II trials have tested the efficacy of Impella in patents with high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, patients with severe hemodynamic instability such as cardiac arrest, ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), or cardiogenic shock were excluded. The objective was to investigate the efficacy of Impella in sicker patient population who were not included in PROTECT trials. These patients merit high-risk PCI who had cardiogenic shock and unstable or decompensated heart failure (HF). From December 2010 to March 2012, 10 consecutive patients with extremely high surgical risk and hemodynamic instability underwent urgent PCI with Impella 2.5 support (Abiomed Inc., Danvers, MA). These patients were presented with advance HF and/or cardiogenic shock. Among the 10 included patients, 3 patients were with cardiac arrest and 1 patient was with acute myocardial infarction. All patients had successful Impella implantation and remained hemodynamically stable during high-risk PCI. Among the 10 patients 2 patients (20%) died within 1 month and 1 patient developed limb ischemia. In high-risk population nonrandomizable to PROTECT trials with advance HF/cardiogenic shock, Impella could be an important tool for hemodynamic support to PCI or could be a bridge to left ventricle assist device to achieve good recovery. Larger studies need to be conducted on this high-risk population.     

易化的经皮冠脉介入治疗——急性心肌梗死治疗新策略

急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗的方法主要包括溶栓和紧急经皮冠脉介入治疗,其中溶栓治疗简单易行,但再灌注不充分,并且再闭塞率高;而直接经皮冠脉介入治疗,可以恢复心外膜血管的血流,血管的开通率高,但是只有在有条件的医院才能进行,而对于急性心肌梗死来讲,血管开通的时间是最重要的,因此,人们试图通过将溶栓治疗和经皮冠脉介入治疗联合应用来发挥各自的优势,尽量减少缺陷来尽快恢复心脏血流供给,也就是采用易化经皮冠脉介入治疗的方法来治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死,从而获得梗死相关动脉更早的开通和更高的开通率。     

Nonroutine Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction With Successful and Unsuccessful Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives

The authors sought to compare outcomes of patients with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (CS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support according to final epicardial flow in the infarct-related artery.

急性冠脉综合征PCI术前早期应用替格瑞洛对近期预后的影响

【】 目的 探讨替格瑞洛在急性冠脉综合征患者急诊PCI术前应用的临床有效性及安全性。方法 对急救中心确诊急性冠脉综合征的160例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各80例患者。两组均接受急诊PCI术,治疗组于院前即口服负荷量替格瑞洛,对照组口服负荷量氯吡格雷。主要观察：①PCI手术前后梗死相关动脉TIMI血流;②住院期间出血并发症及继发的血小板减少症的发生率;③术后6月的心血管主要不良事件(MACE)发生情况。结果 两组患者临床基本资料无明显差异;替格瑞洛组术前梗死相关动脉TIMI0～1级与氯吡格雷组比较有差异(67.5％比60.0％,P＜0.05),两组PCI术前TIMI3级比较无统计学意义(17.5％比12.5％,P＞0.05),两组PCI术后TIMI3级比较有差异(95.0％比85.0％,P＜0.05);术后1周超声心动图提示氯吡格雷组LVEF低于替格瑞洛组(P＜0.05);术后替格瑞洛组轻度出血事件较对照组略有增多,但两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组近期MACE发生率无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 急性冠脉综合征患者急诊行PCI术前早期应用替格瑞洛能改善术后心肌再灌注,挽救濒死心肌,恢复存活心肌细胞功能,改善心功能,是有效的;未明显增加出血事件及主要心血管不良事件,是安全的。