先天性主动脉缩窄的磁共振成像诊断

目的研究先天性主动脉缩窄（ＣｏＡ）的磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）征象并与超声心动图（Ｅｃｈｏ）和手术对照，探讨其在诊断中的意义和作用。方法ＣｏＡ１２例，单纯型１０例，复杂型２例。１０例经手术证实，１例行ＤＳＡ，１例行血管造影和经皮主动脉球囊成形术。ＭＲＩ均行ＳＥ序列成像，其中８例兼作梯度回波（ＧＲＥ）的电影（ｃｉｎｅ）ＭＲＩ或（和）ＭＲ血管造影（ＭＲＡ）。所有病例均有经胸Ｅｃｈｏ检查。结果９例（７５％）ＭＲＩ显示为局限性膜状或嵴状狭窄，３例（２５％）呈长管状狭窄。８例ｃｉｎｅＭＲＩ或（和）ＭＲＡ均能显示狭窄段和扩张的肋间动脉和乳内动脉等侧支循环。１２例ＣｏＡ，ＭＲＩ均获得正确诊断，Ｅｃｈｏ８例（６６．７％）获正确诊断。结论ＭＲＩ是检查ＣｏＡ的一种优良的无创性方法，能准确判断狭窄部位、形态、范围和程度，显示狭窄前、后主动脉及头臂血管改变，以及侧支循环情况。对ＣｏＡ的诊断优于Ｅｃｈｏ，基本上可取代血管造影检查。     

先天性心脏病复杂畸形MRI与B超及X线血管造影的影像学对比研究

目的 评估磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）对先天性心脏病复杂畸形的显示能力。材料与方法 ２１例先天性心脏病复杂畸形患者行磁共振平扫、电影检查,其中８例接受动态增强磁共振血管造影检查（ＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ）,影像资料与Ｂ超、Ｘ线血管造影检查（ＣＡＧ）对比,部分结果进行统计学处理,１５例经手术证实者对照手术所见。结果 共发现心脏及大血管畸形５５处,磁共振成像、Ｂ超和ＣＡＧ均能很好显示心脏、心肝与大血管连接部分畸形;心脏     

获得性胸主动脉病变的MRI诊断

目的：评价ＭＲＩ对获得性胸主动脉病变的诊断价值。材料和方法：共３０例,２１例在ＧＥＶｅｃｔｒａ０．５Ｔ上行ＳＥ和ＣｉｎｅＭＲＩ检查,９例在ＧＥＳｉｇｎａ１．５Ｔ上行ＳＥ、ＣｉｎｅＭＲＩ、ＧａｔｅｄＴＯＦ和３Ｄ动态增强ＭＲＡ检查。成像采用横断面、主动脉长轴和左室长轴观,部分加扫矢状面和冠状面。结果：共发现升主动脉瘤１０例、主动脉夹层１０例、主动脉扩张９例和降主动脉溃疡１例。经对照表明ＣｉｎｅＭＲＩ对合并的瓣膜病变、夹层真假腔、血栓和瘤内异常血流方式的显示较ＳＥ为佳,而ＧａｔｅｄＴＯＦ和３Ｄ动态增强ＭＲＡ对整个胸主动脉形态及头臂血管的显示最佳。结论：多种ＭＲＩ技术综合运用诊断获得性胸主动脉病变可基本达到心血管造影效果。     

先天性心脏病复杂畸形的增强磁共振血管造影与X线心血管造影的影像对比研究

目的 评估动态增强磁共振血管造影（DCE－MRA）诊断先天性心脏病（先）复杂畸形的临床价值。材料与方法 ２８例先心复杂畸形和大血管形患者术同时接受ＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ、平发和／或电影以及Ｘ线心血管造影（ＣＡＧ）检查,对ＤＣＥ－ＭＡＲ原始图像进行最大信号强度投影法（ＭＩＰ）和多轴位重建法（ＭＰＲ）重建处理,以手术病理发现为基础,将ＭＲ图像与ＣＡＧ进行诊断价值对比,并进行统计学处理。结果 ＤＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ所获取的图像对比鲜明,靶血管轮廓清晰,其 显示心脏及大血管的形态和空间分布的能力与ＣＡＧ具有很好的一致性,相关系数r=0.88。２种检查方法均能良好地显示心脏、大血管病变,DCE-MRA发现变病能力略优于ＣＡＧ,两者显示病变符合率达９３％。结论 ＤＣＥ－ＭＲＡ检查安全、无创,与ＣＡＧ一样能显示复杂的、多部位的病变,是一种非常有价值的影像学检查手段,有望部分替代常规血管造影而成为一种新的检查方法。     

先天性主动脉缩窄的MRI诊断

目的：评价ＭＲＩ在先天性主动脉缩窄中的诊断作用。材料与方法：分析１４例主动脉缩窄的ＭＲＩ，并与超声心动图（ＵＣＧ）和心血管造影（ＣＡＧ）进行比较，其中１２例经手术证实。结果：ＭＲＩ显示了１４例主动脉缩窄及缩窄的程度、形态（细管状狭窄６例，环状狭窄５例，隔膜形狭窄３例），并显示了缩窄处与左锁骨下动脉的关系。合并畸形有：１０例室间隔缺损，１３例动脉导管未闭，１例马凡氏综合征，１０例主动脉弓发育不良。比较三种影像方法：ＭＲＩ诊断能力明显优于ＵＣＧ，基本达到ＣＡＧ水平。结论：在先天性主动脉缩窄的临床诊断中，ＭＲＩ应成为主要或首选检查方法，并有可能部分代替ＣＡＧ成为临床最终诊断方法     

复杂先天性心脏病MRI与心血管造影对照分析

笔者对１３例复杂先天性心脏病采用永磁型低磁场机器进行心电门控ＭＲＩ检查并与心血管造影（ＣＡＧ）对照分析。结果８例诊断完全符合，５例有差异。在观察心房内脏位置关系、大血管位置关系方面ＭＲＩ比较准确；在确定心室位置、房室连接及心室大血管连接关系等方面，本组病例提示ＭＲＩ与ＣＡＧ效果相似。但ＭＲＩ存在层厚较厚，定位较难掌握以及难以观察瓣膜结构与功能，易受运动伪影影响等不足。认为低磁场的ＭＲＩ可用于复杂先天性心脏病的检查。     

磁共振成像在主动脉疾病中的应用(附29例分析)

目的：评价ＭＲＩＳＥ序列，梯度回波（ＧＲＥ）及磁共振血管成像（ＭＲＡ）对主动脉疾病的诊断价值。材料和方法：２９例主动脉疾患，其中主动脉夹层２１例，胸、腹主动脉瘤８例。全部病例采用ＭＲＩＳＥ常规序列及ＧＲＥ技术，４例行ＭＲＡ检查。结果：在ＳＥ及ＧＲＥ序列上２１例胸、腹主动脉夹层均显示真假两腔，其内膜片分别为１９和２１例。破口分别为５和８例。ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ能清晰地显示主动脉瘤和瘤体内结构。结论：ＭＲＩ对主动脉疾患具有肯定的诊断价值。以常规ＳＥ序列为基础，辅以ＧＲＥ及ＭＲＡ技术将能对主动脉疾病提供更多的诊断信息。     

三房心的影像学诊断(附12例报告)

目的 评价经胸二维超声心动图（２Ｄｅｃｈｏｃａｒｄｉｏｌｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,２ＤＥ）、心血管造影（ｃａｒｄｉｏａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＣＡＧ）和ＭＲＩ在三房 的作用。方法 经手术证实的三房心１２例,其中支经胸２ＤＥ检查１２例,ＣＡＧ检查６例,ＭＲＩ检查８例。结果 ３种影像方法正确诊断三房心分别为经２ＤＥ７例（７／１２）,ＣＡＧ４例（４／６）,ＭＲＩ８例（８／８）。ＭＲＩ能较地显示左房内的异常隔膜和隔     

15例单心室磁共振诊断

作者报告１５例单心室ＭＲＩ，均经心血管造影（ＣＡＧ）检查证实，５例经手术证实。１１例左室型单心室ＭＲＩ表现为主腔肌小梁纤细，８例有流出小腔，２例为右侧房室瓣部分骑跨流出腔。４例右室型单心室ＭＲＩ表现为主腔肌小梁粗大，半月瓣下有圆锥肌。１５例单心室主要合并畸形有单心房结构５例，肺动脉狭窄８例，房耳并列１例。经与ＣＡＧ和超声心动图（ＵＣＧ）比较，作者认为：对单心室的诊断，ＭＲＩ优于ＵＣＧ，基本达到ＣＡ     

对《三尖瓣闭锁的MRI诊断（兼与超声心动图和心血管造影对照）》一文的评论

对《三尖瓣闭锁的ＭＲＩ诊断（兼与超声心动图和心血管造影对照）》一文的评论刘玉清胡连源医师等所著《三尖瓣闭锁的ＭＲＩ诊断（兼与ＵＣＧ和ＣＡＧ对照）》一文分析了１４例三尖瓣闭锁（１０例经手术证实）的ＭＲＩ所见，并与ＵＣＧ和ＣＡＧ对照，着重讨论了ＭＲＩ对这...     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.