人巨细胞病毒皮层蛋白pUL23与宿主蛋白IGFBP4相互作用的鉴定

目的:利用蛋白质相互作用的技术筛选与pUL23相互作用宿主蛋白,为研究pUL23蛋白对人巨细胞病毒繁殖的影响提供线索。方法:通过酵母双杂交系统从人胚肾cDNA文库筛选与pUL23相互作用的宿主蛋白;通过GST-pu ll-down技术研究二者体外物理性相互作用;免疫共沉淀技术进一步研究二者在胞内相互作用。结果:Pu ll-down技术、免疫共沉淀技术确定了宿主蛋白IGFBP4与pUL23具有相互作用。结论:上述结果为研究pUL23蛋白调节病毒自身繁殖功能提供重要依据。     

Klotho:与FPC蛋白相互作用的蛋白质分子

目的:利用酵母双杂交技术筛选与纤囊素相互作用的蛋白质,为进一步探讨纤囊素(FPC)在常染色体隐性遗传多囊肾病(ARPKD)发生、发展中的作用机制提供依据。方法:利用酵母双杂交系统以质粒pG-BKT7-FPC为"诱饵",在人类胚肾cDNA文库中筛选与FPC蛋白C末端相互作用宿主蛋白的基因,再通过一对一回交试验验证两者之间的相互作用。结果:酵母双杂交筛选得到相互作用的蛋白分子Klotho(后简称KL),回交试验再次确认KL能够与FPC蛋白相互作用。结论:FPC的C末端能够与KL相互作用,它们之间的相互作用可能为研究FPC在ARPKD发病中的功能及作用机制提供新途径。     

稳定表达人巨细胞病毒蛋白pUL23细胞系建立及其功能研究

目的:建立稳定表达人巨细胞病毒UL23基因的HELF细胞系,研究病毒蛋白在宿主细胞内行为,为进一步研究人巨细胞病毒蛋白pUL23的功能提供依据。方法:通过PCR技术从人巨细胞病毒基因组中扩增出UL23基因,通过分子克隆技术构建重组逆转录病毒表达载体pLEGFP-N1-FLAG-UL23。将该载体导入Am-phoPackTM-293细胞,收获重组逆转录病毒,然后感染HELF细胞,HELF经持续G418抗性筛选后获得稳定表达UL23基因的细胞系。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察病毒蛋白在细胞内的定位。结果:RT-PCR、Western blotting结果证实病毒基因UL23能够整合到宿主细胞基因组中,并能在宿主细胞中稳定表达病毒蛋白。共聚焦显微镜观察到病毒蛋白pUL23定位于细胞质,处于细胞核周边。结论:利用逆转录病毒载体介导的基因转移技术,成功构建了稳定表达UL23基因的转基因细胞系。该病毒蛋白在宿主细胞质中的定位,提示病毒蛋白发挥功能的空间位于细胞核周边,有利地推进了人巨细胞病毒蛋白pUL23功能研究的进程。     

酵母双杂交技术筛选NECL1胞内区的结合蛋白

目的 筛选人源膜表面黏附分子NECL1蛋白胞内区相互作用蛋白。 方法 构建含人NECL1蛋白胞内区氨基酸编码序列的诱饵质粒pGBKT7-NECL1C,对人胎脑cDNA文库进行酵母双杂交筛选。用GST pull down实验进行体外蛋白相互作用的验证。结果 酵母双杂交阳性克隆测序后显示共存在9段不同序列（存在重复克隆）。比对氨基酸序列得到5个可能相互作用蛋白。通过GST pull down 实验验证了其中两个蛋白与NECL1胞内区的相互作用。结论 应用酵母双杂交系统,获得了一些候选的NECL1胞内区相互作用蛋白。     

应用酵母双杂交系统筛选与乙型流感病毒BM2相互作用的蛋白质

目的　筛选与乙型流感病毒BM2蛋白相互作用的蛋白质。方法　应用酵母双杂交系统,以BM2 (2 6 10 9)插入载体pGBKT7作为诱铒,在四缺培养基上筛选人KidneyMATCHMAKERcDNA文库,寻找与BM2蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白。结果　筛选得到6个阳性AD 文库质粒,并用酵母双杂交实验验证了阳性AD 文库质粒与BM2的相互作用。将阳性AD 文库质粒测序并对测序结果做BLAST分析,发现它们分别是N 乙酰神经氨酸酶丙酮酸裂解酶,Angiopoietin 3、锌指蛋白2 5 1、核糖体蛋白S2 0、蛋白精氨酸N 甲基转移酶1(PRMT)、转录因子样1(TCFL1)。结论　BM2能与这些转录翻译功能相关的蛋白质相互作用,表明BM2蛋白在病毒生活周期中发挥重要作用。     

与人巨细胞病毒UL128两种不同结构蛋白相互作用蛋白的筛选与分析

目的 利用酵母双杂交系统从人胎脑cDNA文库中筛选与两种不同转录结构的人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)UL128编码蛋白相互作用的蛋白,比较两者相互作用蛋白之间的异同点.方法 通过3'RACE和5'RACE技术扩增出两种HCMV UL128片段,其大小分别为519 bp和642 bp,并将其成功构建到酵母诱饵表达载体pGBKT7中.将以上两种酵母表达载体分别转化到酵母菌AH109中,再将文库DNA转化到已含有酵母表达载体的AH109中,筛选与两种片段大小不同的UL128编码蛋白相互作用的人胎脑蛋白,并对筛选得到的阳性克隆进行测序和生物信息学分析.结果 筛出EFEMP2与UL128-519 bp编码蛋白相互作用,THY-1与UL128-642 bp编码蛋白相互作用.结论 成功构建pGBKT7 UL128-519 bp和pGBKT7 UL128-642 bp,并应用酵母双杂交系统分别筛选出EFEMP2和THY-1与UL128-519 bp和UL128-642 bp编码蛋白相互作用,在所筛选得到的相互作用蛋白之间未发现有相同的蛋白,UL128-519 bp和UL128-642 bp所编码的蛋白在HCMV感染致病过程中可能发挥不同的作用.     

NALP3富含亮氨酸重复序列结构域识别人细胞周期蛋白H和禽冠状病毒蛋白

 目的：寻找与NALP3富含亮氨酸重复序列（leucine-rich repeat, LRR）结构域相互作用的蛋白质分子。方法：克隆NALP3富含亮氨酸重复序列（NALP3-LRR）结构域的DNA序列并经测序检验。应用酵母双杂交技术,构建以NALP3-LRR结构域为诱饵基因的酵母双杂交载体,对人胚肺cDNA文库进行杂交筛选,经酵母回交实验验证蛋白质在酵母细胞内的相互作用并对阳性克隆的DNA进行序列测定和生物信息学分析。将筛选到的阳性克隆进一步用免疫共沉淀实验验证NALP3-LRR结构域与阳性蛋白之间相互作用的可靠性。结果：成功克隆NALP3-LRR结构域的DNA序列并经测序检验正确。用酵母双杂交技术对人胚肺cDNA文库进行酵母杂交筛选共获得4个阳性克隆。免疫共沉淀实验证实能与NALP3-LRR结构域发生相互作用的阳性蛋白是人细胞周期蛋白H和禽传染性支气管炎病毒株Cal99的ORF1a。结论：NALP3的富含亮氨酸重复序列结构域能与人细胞周期蛋白H和禽冠状病毒蛋白发生相互作用。     

甲型H3N2流感病毒截短型PB1-F2蛋白与宿主蛋白的相互作用的初步研究

目的利用酵母双杂交技术研究甲型H3N2流感病毒截短型PB1-F2蛋白与人类宿主蛋白的相互作用,为该病毒蛋白的功能研究和致病机制提供理论依据。方法以本实验室分离和鉴定的甲型H3N2流感病毒A／Guangdong／7028／2010为模版,构建pGBKT7-PB1-F2重组载体,利用Y2HGold酵母双杂交系统,从人类通用cDNA文库中筛选与其相互作用的蛋白。结果成功构建含诱饵蛋白基因的pGBKT7-PB1-F2重组载体,转化酵母自激活和毒性实验显示为阴性：酵母双杂交实验显示Y2HGold和Y187酵母的结合率为5．22％,符合实验要求;经筛选和验证后,得到3个与截短型PB1-F2蛋白有相互作用的阳性克隆,分别为钾／钠ATP酶B1亚基、热休克蛋白40和白介素-2受体1亚基。结论初步推断截短型H3N2流感病毒PB1-F2蛋白可能影响流感病毒在宿主细胞中的复制功能和凋亡调控。     

干扰素诱导蛋白Nmi与人巨细胞病毒皮层蛋白UL23相互作用区域的研究

目的:探究干扰素诱导蛋白N-Myc相互作用因子(Nmi)与人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)皮层蛋白UL23相互作用的关键区域。方法:根据前期实验结果,分别将10个不同截短突变型的Nmi构建到原核表达载体p GEX-4T-1上,转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞中,表达并纯化出带有GST标签的融合蛋白,利用GST-pulldown的方法探究Nmi与UL23相互作用的区域。根据GST-Pulldown实验结果,用同源重组的方法在真核表达载体pc DNA4-Myc上分别构建3个缺失突变型Nmi。将实验组和对照组的Nmi分别与含有Flag标签的UL23质粒共转染至He La细胞中,通过免疫共沉淀法进一步研究Nmi与UL23的相互作用区域。结果:(1)10个截短突变型Nmi与GST基因融合的原核表达载体构建成功;(2)3个缺失突变型Nmi与Myc基因融合的真核表达载体构建成功;(3)GST-pulldown实验证明Nmi与UL23相互作用位点位于Nmi上的第192~202位氨基酸区域;(4)免疫共沉淀法确认Nmi的第192~202位氨基酸区域是与UL23相互作用的区域,与GST-pulldown实验结果一致。结论:Nmi与UL23相互作用的区域位于Nmi上第192~202位氨基酸区域。这为阐明UL23帮助HCMV在宿主体内潜伏的分子机理提供了基础。     

The 7-transmembrane protein homologue UL78 of the human cytomegalovirus forms oligomers and traffics between the plasma membrane and different intracellular compartments

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL78 ORF is considered to encode an orphan 7-transmembrane receptor. However, until now, the UL78 protein (pUL78) has not been characterized. Here, we have investigated the expression of pUL78 and found it mainly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. However, we provide evidence that pUL78 is also localized on the cell surface from where it is quickly endocytosed. Colocalization with adaptin and EEA-1 implies that at least a small amount of pUL78 is transported to the trans Golgi network and early endosomes. Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we were able to find homomeric and heteromeric structure formations of pUL78 and the US28 protein, respectively. However, the absence of pUL78 had no effect on the accumulation of inositol phosphate triggered by the US28 protein. In summary, our results suggest that the UL78 protein of HCMV traffics between the cell surface and cytoplasm, from where it might be recycled via early endosomes.     

Identification of Entamoeba histolytica thiol-specific antioxidant as a GalNAc lectin-associated protein

Entamoeba histolytica is a human intestinal parasite that causes amebic dysentery. A cell surface amebic adhesin, the galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibitable (GalNAc) lectin mediates amebic adherence to and contact-dependent killing of host cells. Previous work has suggested that the GalNAc lectin transduces signals via protein interactions with its short cytoplasmic domain. We used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen an E. histolytica cDNA library for proteins that interact with the GalNAc lectin cytoplasmic domain. One isolate was the E. histolytica thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA). TSA is an enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide. TSA did not interact in yeast two-hybrid experiments with a mutant version of the lectin cytoplasmic domain, confirming the specificity of the lectin-TSA interaction. Furthermore, mutational analyses of the TSA isolate demonstrated that an in-frame five amino acid sequence introduced between amino acids 61-62 yielded a TSA mutant that did not interact with the lectin cytoplasmic domain upon expression in the yeast two-hybrid system. The association of TSA and GalNAc lectin was further supported by co-immunoaffinity purification. Confocal microscopy demonstrated co-localization of TSA and GalNAc lectin at sites of ameba:host cell contact. Recruitment of TSA by the GalNAc lectin suggests a novel mechanism of parasite defense against reactive oxygen intermediates generated by host peripheral mononuclear cells.     

SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein interacts with cellular pyruvate kinase protein and inhibits its activity

The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV remains largely unknown. To study the function of the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein, we have conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening experiment to identify cellular proteins that may interact with the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein. Pyruvate kinase (liver) was found to interact with SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein in this experiment. The binding domains of these two proteins were also determined using the yeast two-hybrid system. The physical interaction between the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid and cellular pyruvate kinase (liver) proteins was further confirmed by GST pull-down assay, co-immunoprecipitation assay and confocal microscopy. Cellular pyruvate kinase activity in hepatoma cells was repressed by SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein in either transiently transfected or stably transfected cells. PK deficiency in red blood cells is known to result in human hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. It is reasonable to assume that an inhibition of PKL activity due to interaction with SARS-CoV N protein is likely to cause the death of the hepatocytes, which results in the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and liver dysfunction noted in most SARS patients. Thus, our results suggest that SARS-CoV could reduce pyruvate kinase activity via its nucleocapsid protein, and this may in turn cause disease.