腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗晚期胰腺癌顽固性疼痛的临床研究

目的 观察无水乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞术对晚期胰腺癌顽固性疼痛的镇痛效果、并发症发生及患者生存质量的影响。方法 选取2001年1月至2005年9月61例晚期胰腺癌伴顽固性疼痛及消化道梗阻无法行根治手术的患者，在行姑息性手术的同时，行腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞治疗，观察术后3个月内疼痛缓解、生存质量评分（KPS）的变化及不良反应。结果 治疗后1周内全部患者顽固性疼痛症状明显缓解（P〈0．05），KPS评分显著提高（P〈0．05）。随诊3个月，术后86．5％（45／52）患者无痛或仅轻度疼痛，治疗过程中和治疗后未发生严重并发症。结论 无水乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌顽固性疼痛能较好地缓解其症状，改善患者生存质量，近期疗效确切，安全性高。     

125I粒子植入联合腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌的护理

对36例晚期胰腺癌患者采取肿瘤组织间植入125I粒子联合腹腔神经丛阻滞术.结果术后13例顽固性疼痛症状完全缓解,23例不同程度减轻;Karnofsky评分由术前平均61.1分提高至82.2分;术后3个月复查,总缓解率为69.4%;术后3、6、12个月生存率分别为97.2%、77.8%和61.1%.提示125I粒子植入联合腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌,近期疗效确切;术前加强心理护理,完善术前准备,术中注意安全防护,术后密切观察病情变化,对患者进行细致、全面的护理是手术成功的重要保证.     

腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗晚期胰头癌疼痛

目的介绍腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗晚期胰头癌疼痛的方法,并探讨其效果。方法将2002年5月至2008年5月成都军区总医院收治的晚期胰头癌病人90例,按年龄、病种及病情基本接近的原则分为两组:腹腔神经丛毁损组(46例)和非毁损组(44例)。两组均行姑息减黄处理;毁损组在术中或在B型超声、CT引导下行腹腔神经丛穿刺,注入无水酒精20ml。观察两组病人术后并发症发生情况、疼痛缓解率、复发率及综合评价其临床受益反应。结果毁损组46例手术无穿刺失败,成功率100%;无严重并发症;疼痛评分(VAS)与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);疼痛完全缓解率71.9%,部分缓解率21.9%,无效6.2%;疼痛复发率仅13.3%;临床受益反应情况较非毁损组明显增强(P0.05)。结论腹腔神经丛毁损术具有很高的安全性,能显著减轻胰腺癌性疼痛,并提高病人生存质量。     

CRRT加复合抗惊厥治疗重度毒鼠强中毒患者的护理

对36例晚期胰腺癌患者采取肿瘤组织间植入^125Ⅰ粒子联合腹腔神经丛阻滞术。结果术后13例顽固性疼痛症状完全缓解，23例不同程度减轻Karnofsky评分由术前平均61．1分提高至82．2分；术后3个月复查，总缓解率为69.4％；术后3、6、12个月生存率分别为97.2％、77．8％和61．1％。提示^125Ⅰ粒子植入联合腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌，近期疗效确切；术前加强心理护理，完善术前准备，术中注意安全防护，术后密切观察病情变化，对患者进行细致、全面的护理是手术成功的重要保证。     

腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗胰腺癌肿瘤疼痛23例

腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗胰腺癌肿瘤疼痛２３例邹武＊毕敏＊本文报告腹腔神经丛化学性破坏阻滞治疗胰腺癌肿瘤疼痛的方法和结果。资料与方法２３例胰腺癌肿，１５例已接受手术治疗。行腹腔神经丛阻滞前均有顽固性疼痛，吗啡类药物止痛效果不佳。治疗前建立静脉通道，患者取右侧...     

乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗上腹部癌痛的临床观察

目的比较不同浓度乙醇腹腔神经丛阻滞对晚期上腹部癌性疼痛患者的镇痛效果。方法96例晚期上腹部癌痛患者随机均分为75%乙醇组(A组)、无水乙醇组(B组)和50%乙醇组(C组),在X线引导下实施背侧入路经皮腹腔神经丛阻滞术,分别注入15ml乙醇。镇痛效果分为0～Ⅲ级,分别于术后2周、1、2及3月时,观察是否需要镇痛药及采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估镇痛效果。结果术后2周、1、2及3月,腹腔神经丛神经阻滞的显效率和总有效率A组和B组均高于C组(P<0.05);而A组与B组比较,显效率和总有效率差异无显著意义。结论75%乙醇和无水乙醇经皮腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期上腹部癌性疼痛是一种安全而有效的方法。     

双侧颈丛神经阻滞对甲状腺次全切除术术后镇痛的影响

目的 探讨双侧颈丛神经阻滞对甲状腺次全切除术术后镇痛的影响.方法 60例行双侧甲状腺次全切除术的患者随机、双盲均分为三组:Ⅰ组患者采用0.375%的罗哌卡因每侧15 ml行一点法颈丛神经阻滞;Ⅱ组患者采用0.5%的罗哌卡因每侧15 ml行一点法颈丛神经阻滞;Ⅲ组患者采用生理盐水15 ml行一点法颈丛神经阻滞.20 min后针刺法测定Ⅰ、Ⅱ组患者的颈丛神经阻滞平面,三组患者均行气管插管全身麻醉.术后三组患者均行静脉自控镇痛24 h.记录三组患者镇痛评分、术后所用的总吗啡量、恶心、呕吐发生率.结果 三组患者术后镇痛评分、吗啡需要量、恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义.清醒后第1次镇痛时间Ⅰ、Ⅱ组明显长于Ⅲ组(P<0.05).结论 双侧颈丛神经阻滞并不能减少甲状腺次全切除术术后镇痛药需要量和术后镇痛要求.     

125I粒子植入治疗胰腺癌的近期临床疗效观察

目的探讨姑息手术联合125I粒子植入治疗无法切除的晚期胰腺癌近期临床疗效。方法选择无法手术切除的胰腺癌患者98例,其中支持治疗53例(Ⅰ组);姑息手术(胆肠吻合术和或胃空肠吻合术)24例(Ⅱ组);姑息手术联合术中125I粒子植入治疗21例(Ⅲ组)。结果Ⅲ组患者疗后疼痛部分缓解率及完全缓解率分别为84.21%(16/19)及15.79%(3/19),均显著高于其他两组(P0.001);Ⅲ组患者的中位生存期为8.6个月,长于Ⅱ组患者的5.7个月及Ⅰ组患者的4.5个月(P0.05)。结论对不可切除的晚期胰腺癌行125I粒子植入治疗可以延长患者生存期(部分病例还可长期生存),且能缓解疼痛并提高生活质量。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折术中采用椎旁神经阻滞的镇痛效果

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)术中采用椎旁神经阻滞的镇痛效果.方法 2020年1月—2020年8月,华侨大学附属德化医院采用PVP治疗OVCF患者60例,其中30例采用椎旁神经阻滞麻醉(神经阻滞组),30例采用传统局部麻醉(局部麻醉组).比较2组手术时间、住院时间、住院总费用、术中平均动脉压和心率变化,及手术前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI).结果 2组手术时间、住院时间、住院总费用差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).神经阻滞组患者术中各时间点的平均动脉压、心率与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);局部麻醉组患者术中各时间点的平均动脉压、心率均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组术后VAS评分、ODI均较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);神经阻滞组术中、术后1 d、术后1个月VAS评分低于局部麻醉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);神经阻滞组术后1 d、术后1个月ODI低于局部麻醉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术后3个月VAS评分、ODI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP治疗OVCF术中采用椎旁神经阻滞麻醉并未增加风险、手术时间及住院费用,术中血流动力学相对稳定,且可有效缓解患者术中、术后早期疼痛,值得临床推广应用.     

喷他佐辛复合罗哌卡因臂丛神经阻滞的效果观察

目的 观察喷他佐辛复合罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的效果.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,接受肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞行上肢手术的患者随机均分为:A组,0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml;B组,0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml+喷他佐辛30 mg.手术开始15、30、60 rain及术后1、6、12、24 h行VAS疼痛评分,并记录麻醉起效时间、持续时间及不良反应发生率.结果 B组感觉与运动神经阻滞起效时间明显快于A组(P<0.05),镇痛持续时间明显长于A组(P<0.05),术中、术后VAS疼痛评分低于A组(P<0.05).结论 喷他佐辛复合罗哌卡因臂丛神经阻滞可缩短阻滞起效时间,延长持续时间,改善镇痛效果.     

胰腺癌128例手术疗效的临床观察

目的探讨胰腺癌手术治疗的临床疗效及其预后。方法对1996年1月-2004年12月我院收治的128例胰腺癌病人的临床资料进行回顾性研究。按治疗方式分为胰十二指肠切除术组（28例）、姑息手术组（50例）和未手术组（50例）。结果全组根治性手术切除率为35．90％。胰十二指肠切除术组1、3、5年生存率分别为67．86％、14．29％、3．57％,显著高于其它两组（P〈0．01）;胰十二指肠切除术组生存率曲线显著高于其它两组（P〈0．01）;手术组生存质量显著高于未手术组（P〈0．05）。结论对胰腺癌施行根治性胰十二指肠切除术能显著提高治疗效果及改善预后,从而提高远期生存率并明显提高病人的生存质量。对不能行根治性切除的病人应争取行姑息性手术,亦可改善病人的生存质量。     

Efficacy of Neurolytic Celiac Plexus Block in Varying Locations of Pancreatic Cancer: Influence on Pain Relief

Background: Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective way of treating severe pain in some patients with pancreatic malignancy. However, there are no studies to date that evaluate the effectiveness of NCPB related to the site of primary pancreas cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of NCPB in pancreatic cancer pain, depending on the location of the pancreatic tumor.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The patients were categorized into two different groups depending on tumor localization: group 1: patients with the cancer of the head of the pancreas and group 2: patients with the cancer of the body and tail of the pancreas. The qualitative and quantitative pain analyses were performed before and after NCPB. The patients underwent prognostic celiac plexus block with bupivacaine, followed by neurolysis during fluoroscopic control within the next 24 h.

Results: After NCPB, 37 patients (74%) had effective pain relief during the first 3 months or until death. Of the 37 patients who had effective pain relief, 33 (92%) were from group 1 and 4 (29%) were from group 2. In the remaining 13 patients (3 patients from group 1 and 10 patients from group 2), pain relief after NCPB was not satisfactory. Those patients were scheduled for repeated retrocrural neurolysis during computed tomography control. Computed tomography showed massive growth of the tumor around the celiac axis with metastases. After repeated neurolysis, pain relief clinically still was not satisfactory, necessitating additional opioid treatment.     

Efficacy of neurolytic celiac plexus block in varying locations of pancreatic cancer: influence on pain relief

BACKGROUND: Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective way of treating severe pain in some patients with pancreatic malignancy. However, there are no studies to date that evaluate the effectiveness of NCPB related to the site of primary pancreas cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of NCPB in pancreatic cancer pain, depending on the location of the pancreatic tumor. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted in 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The patients were categorized into two different groups depending on tumor localization: group 1: patients with the cancer of the head of the pancreas and group 2: patients with the cancer of the body and tail of the pancreas. The qualitative and quantitative pain analyses were performed before and after NCPB. The patients underwent prognostic celiac plexus block with bupivacaine, followed by neurolysis during fluoroscopic control within the next 24 h. RESULTS: After NCPB, 37 patients (74%) had effective pain relief during the first 3 months or until death. Of the 37 patients who had effective pain relief, 33 (92%) were from group 1 and 4 (29%) were from group 2. In the remaining 13 patients (3 patients from group 1 and 10 patients from group 2), pain relief after NCPB was not satisfactory. Those patients were scheduled for repeated retrocrural neurolysis during computed tomography control. Computed tomography showed massive growth of the tumor around the celiac axis with metastases. After repeated neurolysis, pain relief clinically still was not satisfactory, necessitating additional opioid treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, unilateral transcrural celiac plexus neurolysis has been shown to provide effective pain relief in 74% of patients with pancreatic cancer pain. Neurolysis was more effective in cases with tumor involving the head of the pancreas. In the cases with advanced tumor proliferation, regardless of the technique used, the analgesic effects of NCPB were not satisfactory.     

姑息手术结合术中碘125粒子植入和术后化疗治疗晚期胰腺癌

目的总结姑息性手术结合术中~(125)I粒子永久性组织间植入和术后吉西他滨化疗等综合治疗措施对晚期无法切除胰腺癌的临床疗效。方法对我院胰腺外科中心2001年至2004年间83例接受治疗的晚期无法切除胰腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果83例患者中行姑息手术29例(A组),姑息手术 吉西他滨化疗42例(B组),姑息手术 ~(125)I粒子植入 吉西他滨组12例(C组)。A、B和C组客观有效率,第3月时分别为0.00%(0/27)、24.4%(10/41)和33.3%(4/12),第6月时分别为0.0%(0/16)、21.6%(8/37)和33.3%(4/12)。各组临床受益率,第3月时分别为14.8%(4/27)、41.5%(17/41)和50.0%(6/12),第6月时分别为6.3%(1/16)、21.6%(8/37)和50.0%(6/12)。A、B和C组的中位生存期分别为6.2、8.3和8.6月,1年累积生存率分别为6.9%(2/29)、21.4%(9/42)和25.0%(3/12),A、B、C组间逐渐增高,B、C组与A组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对晚期无法切除胰腺癌患者,姑息性手术结合术后吉西他滨化疗可改善患者生活质量,提高1年生存率。而~(125)I粒子组织间放射结合术后化疗能改善患者生活质量。     

Three posterior percutaneous celiac plexus block techniques. A prospective, randomized study in 61 patients with pancreatic cancer pain.

Variations and refinements of the classic retrocrural technique of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) for pancreatic cancer pain (PCP) have been proposed over the last 30 yr to improve success rates, avoid complications and enhance diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to assess the efficacy and morbidity of three posterior percutaneous NCPB techniques in 61 patients with PCP. The 61 patients were randomly allocated to three NCPB treatment groups: group 1 (20 patients, transaortic plexus block); group 2 (20 patients, classic retrocrural block); and group 3 (21 patients, bilateral chemical splanchnicectomy). The quality and quantity of pain were analyzed before and after NCPB. No statistically significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were found among the three techniques in terms of either immediate or up-to-death results. Operative mortality was nil with the three techniques and morbidity negligible. NCPB abolished celiac PCP in 70-80% of patients immediately after the block and in 60-75% until death. Because celiac pain was only a component of PCP in all patients, especially in those with a longer time course until death: 1) abolition of such pain did not ensure high percentages of complete pain relief (immediate pain relief in 40-52%; pain relief until death in 10-24%); 2) NCPB was effective in controlling PCP in a higher percentage of cases if performed early after pain onset, when the pain was still only or mainly of celiac type and responded well to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug therapy; and 3) the probability of patients remaining completely pain-free diminished with increased survival time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗癌性腹痛(附132例报道)

目的:评价CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞(NCPB)术治疗癌性腹痛的疗效,比较不同肿瘤和不同进针途径对疗效的影响。方法:分析经CT引导下注射无水乙醇进行NCPB术治疗胰腺癌、肝(胆)癌和胃癌等晚期肿瘤导致的顽固性腹痛共132例。对于术后止痛效果进行1周～3个月的评价,评价方法采用4分制法,判断NCPB术的治疗效果。结果:经腹前壁途径NCPB术治疗胰腺癌43例、肝(胆)癌32例、胃癌22例,其术后1周和3个月有效率分别为95.4%、90.7%;84.4%、75.0%和100.0%、77.3%。经脊柱旁途径治疗胰腺癌19例、肝(胆)癌13例、胃癌3例,其术后1周和3个月有效率分别为89.5%、89.5%;76.9%、61.5%和100.0%、66.7%。NCPB治疗不同肿瘤的长期总有效率是81.1%,胰腺癌、肝(胆)癌和胃癌分别是:90.3%、71.1%、76.0%。不同肿瘤之间有效率有显著差异。两种不同途径NCPB之间长期疗效分别为82.5%、77.1%,无显著差异。结论:对不同肿瘤的NCPB治疗效果相比,胰腺癌的长期疗效最佳。前路进针的NCPB术定位准确,无水乙醇弥散程度好,但长期治疗效果和后路进针无显著差异。     

腔镜辅助下甲状腺乳头状癌根治术的临床效果分析

目的考察腔镜辅助下甲状腺乳头状癌根治术的临床效果分析。方法选取2014年11月至2016年11月诊治的甲状腺乳头状癌患者67例,采取随机数字法分为腔镜辅助组(34例)和开放手术组(33例)。应用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行统计学处理,术中及术后相关临床指标以(x珋±s)的形式表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症的总发生率及术后疼痛程度以%表示,采用χ2检验,以P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果与开放手术组相比,腔镜辅助组的手术时间和术后引流量均显著增加,术中出血量和切口长度均显著降低,术后住院时间和颈部恢复活动时间均显著缩短,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);腔镜辅助组术后并发症的总发生率为5例(14.7%),开放手术组术后并发症的总发生率为12例(36.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与开放手术组相比,腔镜辅助组的0级疼痛患者显著提高,Ⅱ级疼痛患者显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腔镜辅助下微创术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的临床效果较好,美观性强且安全性高,值得在临床上大力推广应用。     

海扶刀联合吉西他滨在中晚期胰腺癌治疗中的应用

[摘 要] 目的 探究采用高强度聚焦超声联合吉西他滨治疗中晚期胰腺癌的效果及安全性。方法 将2012年6月至2017年6月间郑州大学第一附属医院诊治的165例中晚期胰腺癌患者随机分为高强度聚焦超声联合静脉滴注吉西他滨治疗组（联合组,92例）和吉西他滨治疗组（化疗组,73例）。对比两组患者治疗2个月后的疼痛缓解率、外周血CA19-9水平、肿瘤体积变化、并发症的发生情况以及治疗后3、6个月的生存率。结果 治疗两个月后,联合组患者疼痛缓解率明显高于化疗组（94.4% vs 21.1%）;联合组治疗2个月后VAS评分[（2.7±3.2）vs（6.2±2.8）]及CA19-9水平[（204.6±195.6）U/mL vs（537.2±274.5）U/mL]明显下降（P<0.05）;肿瘤体积[（20.13±13.25）cm 3 vs （33.45±13.68） cm 3 ]明显缩小（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,联合组生存率为97.6%,化疗组生存率为94.3%,两组对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）;治疗6个月后,联合组生存率为69.5%,化疗组生存率为24.3%,两组对比有统计学差异（P<0.05）。联合组患者均未出现胃肠道穿孔、胰瘘和出血等HIFU治疗并发症。结论 高强度聚焦超声联合吉西他滨治疗中晚期胰腺癌可明显缩小肿瘤体积,减轻患者的疼痛症状,且并发症少,有效改善生活质量,延长患者的生存期。     

中西医结合治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨中西医结合方法治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的经验。方法 对12年间收治的240例SAP患者随机分为西医组（A组）100例和中西医结合组（B组）140例。A组单纯用西医方法治疗；B组用中西医结合方法治疗。两组的西医疗法完全相同。两组的手术治疗主要指征为胆源性胰腺炎、病程后期的感染和局部并发症（A组10例，B组6例）。结果 B组治疗后血尿淀粉酶和C反应蛋白显著下降。A，B组并发症的发生率分别为55.00％和12.86％（P<0.01），病死率分别为27.00％和8.57％（P<0.01），中转手术率分别为10.00％和4.29％（P<0.01）。结论 中西医结合方法治疗SAP是有效的治疗方法，与单纯西医治疗方法比较，能明显减少并发症的发生和降低病死率。