维吾尔族大学生450名视力正常眼屈光状态与屈光要素分析

目的 分析新疆医科大学450名维吾尔族大学生视力正常眼的屈光状态与屈光要素之间的关系.方法 对450名维吾尔族大学生视力正常的899眼进行超声生物测定眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度(眼科A超),同时进行角膜曲率(角膜曲率计)和验光(视网膜检影法)检查,并进行统计学分析.结果 899眼中,远视眼444眼,屈光度 0.75～ 2.50 D;正视眼440眼,屈光度为0～ 0.50 D;近视眼15眼,屈光度为-0.50～-1.25 D.眼轴长度和前房深度在近视眼、正视眼和远视眼之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对正视眼和远视眼进行右眼、左眼的统计学分析,各屈光要素之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在正视眼和远视眼中,对性别不同屈光要素进行统计学分析,除晶状体厚度外,余屈光要素在性别比较上均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),男性较女性眼轴长、前房深,同时角膜曲率较女性小.结论 维吾尔族大学生视力正常眼中存在着近视眼、正视眼和远视眼,在正视眼和远视眼中,男性较女性眼轴长,前房深,同时角膜曲率较女性小.维吾尔族人群在眼屈光要素上存在着与其他民族的不同之处,对研究维吾尔族眼的屈光状态和疾病都具有重要的意义.     

青少年视力正常眼屈光状态的分析

对四个年级青少年学生1324只视力正常眼的屈光状态进行了分析研究,提出物理和几何光学与医学生理学两个角度的眼屈光状态之概念与意义不同,“正视眼”并不完全意味着正常生理学角度的屈光“正常眼”,并对青少年眼生理屈光状态问题进行了初步讨论。     

维吾尔族中小学生屈光状态与屈光要素调查

目的 了解维吾尔族中小学生中央角膜厚度、角膜曲率、眼压、眼轴的特征,探讨其屈光状态与屈光要素的关系.方法 以人群为基础的2011年克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼流行病学调查资料中随机抽取维吾尔族中小学生6～18岁完整资料326例(652只眼),进行统计分析.结果 652只跟中远视眼占比例最大,其次为正视眼,近视眼所占比例最小.不同屈光状态间除角膜厚度外其余屈光要素比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),不同年龄组间除角膜曲率外其余屈光要素比较差异均有统计学意义.近视组、远视组及正视组三组屈光要素右眼与左眼进行比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),远视眼组中角膜曲率、角膜厚度及眼轴在性别间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),正视眼组与近视眼组角膜曲率、眼轴在性别间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 维吾尔族中小学生中远视眼所占比例最大,近视眼所占比例最小.其屈光要素独具特点,对研究维吾尔族屈光状态及眼部疾病的诊治提供依据.     

青少年2628只视力正常眼的屈光状态

目的　探讨视力正常青少年的屈光状态。方法　采用 1%阿托品麻痹睫状肌后检影验光 ,测定 6～ 18岁青少年 2 62 8只视力正常眼的屈光度。屈光类型按检影实际结果 ,本文以 <± 0 2 5D为正视 ,≥± 0 2 5D分别为远视类型或近视类型。结果　本组轻度远视占 91 2 1% ,≥± 3 2 5D占1 71% ;近视占 2 89% ;正视仅占 4 19%。各年龄组屈光度峰值都不在正视处 ,6～ 12岁组之间峰值有规律地向近视侧偏移。三种屈光类型比例的变化在 6～ 12岁组与年龄相关 ,12～ 18岁组变化与年龄增长的相关性无统计学意义。结论　青少年的正常屈光状态为轻度远视。几何光学的“正视眼”与生物医学角度的屈光“正常眼”是两个不同概念 ,应予以区分     

维吾尔族哈萨克族与汉族大学生正视眼屈光要素的研究

目的 了解维吾尔族、哈萨克族与汉族大学生正视眼屈光要素之间的关系.方法 对三个民族大学生420只正视眼使用IOL-Master进行眼轴长度、前房深度、角膜曲率测定,并进行统计学分析.结果 三个民族大学生在角膜曲率上差异均无统计学意义,维吾尔族与哈萨克族大学生在眼轴长度及前房深度上无统计学意义(P＞0.05),汉族较维吾尔族与哈萨克族大学生眼轴更长,前房更深(P＜0.05).对三个民族正视眼进行右眼、左眼的统计学分析,各屈光要素均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).同一民族不同性别分析发现,三个民族中男性均较女性眼轴更长,角膜曲率更小;维吾尔族大学生男性较女性前房更深,哈萨克族与汉族大学生男性与女性在前房深度上均无明显差异.相同性别不同民族研究发现,维吾尔族与哈萨克族正视眼屈光要素在相同性别中比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),汉族男性、女性分别较维吾尔族与哈萨克族男性、女性眼轴更长,前房更深,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 不同民族正视眼屈光要素存在差异性,不同眼别无差异性,不同性别存在差异性.     

早产儿屈光状态和视力的调查研究

目的:观察和分析早产儿的屈光状态和视力发育情况。方法:对4～6岁早产儿156例312眼门诊进行视力和静态屈光检查并记录结果。结果:4～6岁早产儿156例312眼远视238眼(76.3%),近视15眼(4.8%),散光28眼(9.0%),正视眼31眼(9.9%),生理性远视所占的比例最大,各年龄远视比例有所不同,但都随着年龄的增长远视比例下降,正视和近视比例逐渐增加,视力正常率明显提高。结论:4～6岁早产儿屈光状态和视力发育与正常儿接近,随着年龄的增长,屈光状态有由远视向正视和近视发展的趋势。     

青少年3348眼的超声生物测量与分析

屈光状态是由眼屈光成分的屈光力与眼球轴长的不同组合决定的,因此对眼球各屈光成分进行超声生物测量,是屈光研究工作中非常有价值的手段。我们自1992年以来,对来诊的屈光不正患者以及部分正视眼进行眼轴长度、晶状体厚度、前房深度的超声生物测量。选择8～25ａ青少年作为研究对象,现将记录完整的1724例(3348眼)的统计分析报告如下。1　对象与方法1.1　对象　正视眼组:裸眼视力≥1.0,共286例,(556眼),其中男118例(226眼),女168例(330眼);屈光不正组:1438例(2792眼),其中近视眼1057例(2056眼),远视眼381例(736眼)。所有受检者均排除眼部手术…     

玻璃体腔径对原发性屈光不正的作用

目的 原发性屈光不正的性质,明确眼球各屈光成分,特别是玻璃体腔径对原发性屈光不正的作用。方法 检测１３３６只眼的屈光状态,角膜屈光光力、眼前节长度、玻璃本腕径及视轴长度,其中远视５２３只眼,正视１９９只眼,近６１４只眼。分组研究ＣＰ的分布规律及各组间的差别、ＡＳＬ和ＶＬ与屈光状态的关系、ＡＬ和ＶＬ同步变化的规律。结果 远视眼、下视眼和近眼ＣＰ的分布规律经验均呈正态分布;远视眼与正视眼、正视眼与近视     

关于正视眼问题的讨论

关于正视眼问题的讨论上海医科大学金山医院眼科（２００５４０）吉红云汪芳润李军胡磊一、正视眼（ｅｍｍｅｔｒｏｐｉａ）的概念早在１８６６年Ｄｏｎｄｅｒｓ确定正视即指正常屈光，而近视与远视均属病理性屈光。Ｓｃｈｅｅｒｅｒ（１９２８）认为正视眼并不多见，正视...     

儿童视力正常眼的屈光状态

目的了解儿童视力正常眼的屈光状态及其意义。方法儿童视光门诊中远近视力≥1.0的3～14岁儿童459名544只眼,均用1%阿托品眼膏散瞳,每晚涂眼一次,一周后由固定专职人员验光,记录结果。结果视力正常眼的屈光状态可见有远视、正视、近视和混合散光,其中远视420只眼,占77.2%;正视72只眼,占13.2%;近视30只眼,占5.5%;混合散光22只眼,占4.0%。表现有散光者309只眼,占56.8%。结论儿童视力正常眼不等于屈光正常,有必要进行静态屈光检查,了解基础屈光,发现潜在问题,预测视力与屈光的发展趋势,为早期干预提供依据。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.