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Cristina Socolovschi Emmanouil Angelakis Aurélie Renvoisé Pierre-Edouard Fournier Jean Lou Marié Bernard Davoust Andreas Stein Didier Raoult 《International journal of infectious diseases》2011,15(10):e710
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which weather conditions, the incidence of Leptospira in reservoir populations, and various socio-ecological factors are driving the emergence of leptospirosis in Marseille, France.Methods
Over the last 30 years our laboratory has surveyed all human cases of leptospirosis in Marseille using clinical, epidemiological, serological, and molecular tools. Data for the weather conditions in Marseille were collected from the official meteorological station, and garbage management strikes were monitored through the local press. Rats were trapped in alleys near to where the patients may have acquired leptospirosis.Results
Three new cases of autochthonous leptospirosis are reported. The global tendency for rainfall showed a slight increase over the period under analysis. The index case of leptospirosis occurred after a heavy rainfall with flooding. Over the last 10 years Marseille has undergone 82 days of garbage management strikes. Leptospira DNA was detected in two of 11 rats.Conclusions
The emergence of leptospirosis has become a public health problem in Marseille, and is associated with a combination of heavy rainfall and garbage collection strikes in which garbage is left on the street and thereby contributes to the expansion of the rat population on the surface. 相似文献5.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening among HIV-infected persons in order to reduce HIV transmission. We evaluated the results of routine screening for syphilis and for urogenital, pharyngeal, and rectal gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients at an HIV primary care clinic in San Francisco, California. We found 15 new syphilis infections of 814 tested (1.8%) and 60 new cases of CT or GC infection of 586 tested (10.2%), with 88% of GC and CT infections occurring at nonurethral sites. Our study reveals a high rate of asymptomatic STDs among HIV-infected patients in primary care and supports the CDC recommendations to screen HIV-infected patients for STDs at all relevant anatomic sites. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Restriction of zinc and iron available for microbial growth in tissues are well-recognized host defense mechanisms. The present studies were performed to characterize some constituents of human pus that may affect these important host defenses. METHODS: Zinc, iron, copper, calcium, and magnesium in pus were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; selenium was measured fluorometrically. Ferritin was measured with a fluorometric enzyme immunoassay, and lactoferrin was measured with a radial diffusion assay. The growth of Escherichia coli at 37 degrees C was measured in pus supernate adjusted to pH 5.5 or 7.4, in boiled supernate, or in supernate adjusted with 1.3 mM iron or 0.9 mM zinc singly or together. RESULTS: Zinc and iron concentrations in pus exceeded normal serum. Calcium and magnesium levels were 2- to 3-fold lower and higher, respectively, than normal serum values. Lactoferrin concentrations of were 880 +/- 48 microg/mL and ferritin levels were 20,726 +/- 2,667 ng/mL. Growth of an E coli strain was inhibited in pus at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.4, and growth was enhanced by addition of iron or zinc to E coli suspended in pus at pH 6.7. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the zinc, iron, copper, selenium, lactoferrin, and ferritin levels of human pus. These studies provide additional insight into host defense mechanisms mediated by the restriction of the bioavailability of zinc and iron in suppurative infection. 相似文献
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Shurlock B 《Circulation》2007,116(25):f145-f148
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The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate recent publications on hypertension treatment and control in regions by income. Prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide, most prominently in low-income countries. Awareness, treatment, and control are most successful in North America while remaining a challenge in middle- and low-income countries. Easy access to medical care and aggressive use of pharmacotherapy are the key strategies which have proved to be successful in reducing the burden of hypertension on the population level. 相似文献
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G Tocci G Aimo D Caputo C De Matteis T Di Napoli A Granatelli P Lentini A Magagna AA Matarrese D Perona G Villa M Volpe 《High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention》2012,19(2):73-83
Introduction: The addition of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren is demonstrated to improve blood pressure (BP) control rate and reduce progression of organ damage in treated hypertensive patients in clinical trials with a relatively short follow-up period. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of aliskiren as an add-on antihypertensive therapy in high-risk, treated, hypertensive patients, who were not controlled with concomitant treatment with at least two antihypertensive drugs under 'real-life' conditions, during a planned observation and treatment period of at least 12 months in Italy. Methods: Clinical data were derived from medical databases of treated, uncontrolled, hypertensive patients followed by specialized physicians operating in different clinical settings (hospital divisions or outpatient clinics) in Italy. Aliskiren was added to stable antihypertensive treatment, including at least two drug classes (independently of class or dosage) and unable to achieve BP control. Follow-up visits for measuring clinic BP levels and collecting data on drug safety and tolerability were planned at time intervals of 1, 6 and 12 months. At each predefined follow-up visit, aliskiren could be up-titrated from 150 to 300?mg daily if BP control was not achieved. Results: From May 2009 to June 2011, a total of 1186 treated, uncontrolled, hypertensive patients (46.3% female, aged 65.2?±?11.7 years, mean duration of hypertension 13.2?±?9.3 years, mean clinic BP levels 156.5?±?15.9/90.3?±?9.5?mmHg) were enrolled. Systolic and diastolic BP levels were 141.1/82.4, 134.9/79.8 and 133.6/78.9 mmHg at 1-, 6- and 12-month follow-up visits, respectively (p?0.0001 vs baseline for all comparisons). These effects were consistent in all predefined subgroups, including those with left ventricular hypertrophy, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. Reduced levels of microalbuminuria were also reported, without affecting other renal and electrolyte parameters. Overall, compliance to study medication was high (93.0%), with a very low proportion of patients experiencing adverse events leading to drug discontinuation (3.6%). Conclusions: In this observational, prospective, open-label, multicentre study, we reported the 12-month clinical effectiveness, safety and tolerability of adding aliskiren to treated, uncontrolled, hypertensive patients in a 'real-life' setting in Italy. This strategy leads to a significantly improved BP control rate and low incidence of drug-related side effects or discontinuations. Received for publication 24 April 2012; accepted for publication 1 June 2012. 相似文献
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The case fatality rate among adults with community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (Pnb) in Stockholm in 1984 was 11% (7/62), corresponding to an incidence of fatal Pnb of 0.5/100,000. This figure is low compared to data from the US and the UK, but corresponds well to our finding of a 7% mortality among patients with Pnb in a recent study covering part of the Stockholm population (2 hospitals). 相似文献
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We have used a variety of selective radioligands to identify and localize sigma- and phencyclidine (PCP)-binding sites in rat endocrine organs. [3H]Haloperidol-labeled sigma-receptors were identified in membrane homogenates of rat pituitary, adrenal, testis, and ovary which had kinetic and pharmacological characteristics similar to those of the well characterized sigma-receptors in rat cerebellum. The highest density of sigma-receptors was present in the ovary, with progressively lower densities present in the testis, pituitary, adrenal, and cerebellum, respectively. In autoradiographic studies, sigma-receptors [labeled with d-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)N-(1-propyl-2,3-[3H]piperidine or [3H]1,3-di-(2-tolyl)guanidine] were discretely localized within the endocrine tissues. In the pituitary, the highest density of sigma-receptors was found in the anterior lobe. In the adrenal, sigma-receptors were localized primarily in the cortex. In the testis, sigma-receptors were present in highest concentrations in the ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymis; lower densities of binding sites were present in the seminiferous tubules, and no binding was seen in the interstitial tissue. In the ovary, sigma-receptors were localized in high density in the maturing follicles, and lower densities were present in resting follicles. After hypophysectomy, there were relative increases in the densities of sigma receptors in the remaining tissue in the adrenal gland and testis. In contrast, hypophysectomy resulted in a marked depletion of sigma-binding sites in the ovary. The data from hypophysectomized rats indicate that the highest densities of sigma-receptors in the ovary are localized to (LH-dependent) maturing follicles, while sigma-binding sites in adrenal and testis are localized to cells that are not dependent on trophic maintenance by the pituitary. In contrast, high affinity PCP receptors were not detected in pituitary, adrenal, testis, or ovary either by homogenate binding studies with 3,4-[3H]N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine or in vitro autoradiography using 3,4-[3H]N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine and d-[3H]5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d] + cyclohepten-5,10-imine. In summary, the data suggest that the reported endocrine effects of PCP and the prototypic sigma-receptor agonist N-allylnormetazocine are probably mediated either through direct action on sigma-receptors in the pituitary and/or target endocrine organs or by actions on sigma- and/or PCP receptors in brain. 相似文献
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《Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)》2013,35(5):328-333
To investigate the prevalence, self-awareness, and treatment of hypertension in Lhasa, Tibet, a total of 1370 native Tibetan aged ≥18 years were selected, using stratified proportional sampling. The study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 51.2%, significantly higher in men (56.0%) than in women (48.0%) (P = .004). The hypertension prevalence increased with increasing age (77.8% in 60–74 y and 82.5% in ≥75 y groups) and was higher in urban, suburban, or agricultural area than in pastoral area (P < .001). The self-awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 63.5%, 24.3% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, age, urban residence, amount of daily intake of fat and oil, and body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 were independently associated with hypertension. In conclusion, hypertension was highly prevalent among native Tibetan people in Lhasa, and the rates of self-awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were low. 相似文献
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S ummary . A method has been devised for the separation of red cells, polymorphs, lymphocytes, and monocytes from the peripheral blood. The fractions give a large yield of cells with a high degree of purity, and cells appear to be undamaged.
The ferritin concentration in cell extracts has been determined in 10 normal men and 10 normal women. There is no sex difference in any of the cell types. The mean ferritin concentration in monocytes is approximately 7.5 times the concentration in other leucocytes. 相似文献
The ferritin concentration in cell extracts has been determined in 10 normal men and 10 normal women. There is no sex difference in any of the cell types. The mean ferritin concentration in monocytes is approximately 7.5 times the concentration in other leucocytes. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 314 middle-aged subjects (163 men; age range 40-60 years, mean 49 years) in urban Thiruvananthapuram City. Kerala, to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, examine its correlates, and assess the degree of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure. Blood pressure was measured by a nurse graduate using a mercury column sphygmomanometer and a standardized technique. We used multivariable analyses to examine the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of hypertension. The overall prevalence of hypertension in our sample was 54.5% (men 56.3%, women 52.3%). The factors associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension were higher body-mass index (odds ratio for a value in the top tertile of 2.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-4.4), and older age (odds ratio for the age group 55-60 years of 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-5.6). An occupation involving moderate or greater physical activity was inversely associated with the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.94). Among hypertensives, 39% were aware of the condition, while 29% were treated with blood pressure-lowering medications. Adequate control of elevated blood pressure was achieved in only 30.6% of treated hypertensives. In our community-based sample, over half of all middle-aged individuals were hypertensive, but less than a third were under treatment. Adequate control of hypertension was achieved in less than a third of the treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These observations re-emphasize the need for hypertension awareness programs targeting the general public and the increased use of opportunistic blood pressure screening, and underscore the importance of measures to increase the knowledge of current guidelines for the detection and treatment of hypertension among healthcare providers. 相似文献
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This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated factors in persons 15 years and older from 2005 to 2019 in Mongolia.National data were analyzed from 21,342 people (≥15 years) who participated in 4 cross-sectional STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance surveys in Mongolia (2005, 2009, 2013, or 2019) and had complete blood pressure measurements. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using sociodemographic factors within each study year. Logistic regression was employed to assess the associations between sociodemographic and health factors and status of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control by study year and pooled sample.Trend analyzes showed that the prevalence of hypertension decreased significantly from 28.4% in 2005 to 23.2% in 2019 (P < .001). The prevalence of awareness among hypertensives remained unchanged, the treatment among aware decreased, and the control rate increased. In adjusted logistic regression analysis with the pooled sample, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.32–1.68), older age (≥45 years) (AOR: 5.90, 95% CI: 4.90–7.10), obesity (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 3.77–4.88), more frequent alcohol use (≥1–2 days/week) (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.39–2.05) were positively, and higher educational level (≥12 years) (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68–0.87) and urban residence (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.97) were negatively associated with hypertension prevalence.The prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian adults has decreased in recent years. Levels of hypertension awareness were unchanged, treatment decreased, and control increased. Increased health promotion, detection, and treatment of hypertension in Mongolia are indicated. 相似文献