消渴化瘀片对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的观察中药消渴化瘀片对实验性2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并高血脂大鼠血糖、血脂代谢的影响。方法60只健康Wistar大鼠,随机分为6组：正常大鼠对照组、模型组、小剂量消渴化瘀片组、中剂量消渴化瘀片组、大剂量消渴化瘀片组、玉泉九组：采用高脂饮食和四氧嘧啶（aLLoxan）腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型。比较各组治疗后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（P2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FIns）、餐后2h胰岛素（P2hIns）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平。结果实验性糖尿病大鼠模型组FPG、P2hPG、Fins、P2hIns、TG、TC、HDL—C、LDL—C等指标明显高于正常对照组,P〈0．05。经中药消渴化瘀片、玉泉丸治疗6周后。消渴化瘀片大剂量组P2hPG10．34±2．88mmol／L、Fins28．66±5．56U/L、P2hIns35．52±14．79U／L．TG1．62±0．19mmol／L、LDL—C2．34±1．07mmol／L水平显著下降,与模型组P2hPC;15．91±2．64mmol／L、Fins48．73±19．29U／L、P2hIns66．72±26．09U／L、TG2．98±0．23mmol／L、LDL—C4．59±0．86mmol／L比较P〈0．05;玉泉丸组FIns26．33±9．60U／L、P2hIns37．40±12．45U／L水平显著下降,与模型组比较P〈0．05。结论中药消渴化瘀片能降低实验性T2DM大鼠P2hPG、FIns、P2hIns、TG、LDL—C水平,且调脂作用优于玉泉丸。     

运动干预对小学生血糖血脂水平的影响结果分析

目的:分析运动干预措施对小学生血糖和血脂的影响,探讨改善小学生血糖和血脂的有效方法。方法:选取广州市1所小学学校的学生,于每个学习日至少开展一次10 min的运动。同时选择另一所小学学校作为对照组,检测干预组和对照组的空腹血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平。结果:干预组的GLU、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较对照组的有所下降,HDL-C水平较对照组的升高,干预组与对照组的GLU、TG、HDL-C水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TC、LDL-C水平的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组中,GLU、TC、TG、HLD-C异常率干预组低于对照组,TG异常率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组的男生在GLU、TG、HDL-C水平,女生在GLU水平上比对照组有明显的改善(P<0.05)。结论:开展适当的有规律的运动干预可以有效的改善小学生血糖和血脂水平,结合科学膳食,可以预防血糖和血脂异常,降低成年后心血管疾病发生的危险性。     

仙鹤草对糖尿病大鼠血糖胰岛素水平的影响

目的观察仙鹤草对糖尿病大鼠血糖、胰岛素水平影响的动态变化,为抗糖尿病药物的开发提供依据。方法选择雄性SD大鼠,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠动物模型。将造模成功的糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病模型组,仙鹤草低剂量组(60 g/kg)、仙鹤草高剂量组(120 g/kg),每天经口灌胃,连续4周,另设正常对照组。观察仙鹤草对糖尿病大鼠体重、血糖及血清胰岛素水平的影响的动态变化,实验结束后取胰腺用10%甲醛溶液固定,做病理组织学检查。结果实验结束时,糖尿病模型组大鼠血糖、胰岛素水平分别为(17.55±6.08)mmol/L和(7.53±2.15)μU/ml,仙鹤草低、高剂量组胰岛素水平分别为(16.79±6.81)μU/ml和(18.29±7.15)μU/ml,显著高于糖尿病纽(P0.01);血糖水平分别为(4.71±2.19)mmol/L和(3.92±1.17)mmol/L,显著低于糖尿病组(P0.01)。结论仙鹤草可通过增加胰岛素分泌发挥降糖作用。     

The effect of seamustard on blood lipid profiles and glucose level of rats fed diet with different energy composition

Recently, Korean people are consuming seaweeds almost 3.5 times more now than three decades ago. It is well known that seaweeds contain lots of soluble dietary fiber in addition to micronutrients such as β-carotene, iodine and some bioactive components. Seaweeds are considered to be effective for preventing chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer or constipation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seamustard intake on body weight gain, blood glucose level and lipid profiles in rats fed diets with different energy nutrient composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight 103.7 g) were divided into groups for two experiments as follows; Control, M2.5 & M5 groups (Exp. I) and M5, M10, HCM5, HCM10, HFM5 & HFM10 groups (Exp. II). The rats were fed diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. In general, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and triglyceride concentration among groups. In Exp. I, serum LDL-cholesterol level of rats fed diet with 5% seamustard powder (M5) was significantly lower than that of control group, while HDL-cholesterol level, TC/LDL ratio and weight of adrenal gland were higher. In Exp. II, food intake, body weight gain and EER of high fat diet with 10% seamustard group (HFM10) were the lowest among groups. Except gastrocnemius muscle, all organ weights of HFM10 group were the lowest. Fecal cholesterol excretion and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration of HFM10 group were the highest, while serum HDL-cholesterol level was the lowest among groups. Interestingly, HDL-cholesterol concentration was the highest in HCM5 group among groups. From these results, it was suggested that seamustard intake might be more effective for body weight control, but not for improving blood lipid profiles in high fat diet than in high carbohydrate diet.     

富铬豆浆对糖尿病大鼠血糖及血脂的影响

研究富铬豆浆对四氧嘧啶所致实验性糖尿病大鼠的血糖及血脂的影响。用氯化铬浸泡大豆并发芽 ,通过生物富集和生物转化作用 ,使部分无机铬转化为有机形式并富集在豆芽中 ;对糖尿病大鼠连续灌胃普通豆浆 [Cr0 2 5 μg (d·kgBW) ]、低剂量富铬豆浆 [Cr30 μg (d·kgBW) ]和高剂量富铬豆浆 [Cr30 0 μg (d·kgBW ) ]四周 ,每周末尾静脉采血 ,测定血糖、总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)及胰岛素含量。结果显示 ,富铬豆浆组大鼠血糖水平、胰岛素、TC、TG、LDL及胰岛素明显降低 ,而HDL明显升高。高剂量富铬豆浆组的降糖作用明显高于其它组。结论 :富铬豆浆可以改善糖代谢和脂代谢 ,可以用来预防和治疗糖尿病     

诺和龙对糖尿病患者餐后血糖、血脂及对糖化血红蛋白的影响

目的探讨诺和龙对糖尿病患者餐后血糖、血脂及对糖化血红蛋白的影响。方法分析该院187例初诊2型糖尿病患者,随机分为治疗组96例给予诺和龙,对照组91例给予二甲双胍。比较两组餐后2h血糖(hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、TC(血清总胆固醇),TG(血清甘油三酯)变化情况。结果治疗前两组2hPG、HbA1c、TC,TG水平变化无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组2hPG、HbA1c、TC,TG水平变化具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论诺和龙治疗糖尿病疗效确切,值得临床推广使用。     

Dietary beta-carotene reduces serum lipid concentrations in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a vitamin A-fortified and cholesterol-enriched diet.

The effects of dietary beta-carotene on serum lipid concentrations were examined in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. Groups of SH rats were fed a semipurified, vitamin A-fortified and cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg beta-carotene/kg diet for a period of 44 d. beta-Carotene supplementation resulted in significant dose-related decreases in serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations and serum total, VLDL and LDL triacylglycerol concentrations. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol was unchanged or slightly increased by dietary beta-carotene. The study suggests that dietary beta-carotene has antihyperlipidemic effects in SH rats. The effects in humans and the mechanism of the effects remain to be investigated.     

Sustained pectin ingestion: effect on gastric emptying and glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients

The effects of sustained pectin ingestion on gastric emptying, glucose tolerance, and hormone responses were studied in 12 stable, non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic patients. Patients were placed on a 2400 kcal, low-fiber (3 g) diet for 2 wk, followed by 4 wk of an isocaloric diet supplemented with 20 g apple pectin/d. Gastric-emptying half-time, plasma glucose, glucagon, and human pancreatic polypeptide levels were determined. Gastric-emptying half-time was prolonged 43% (p less than 0.025) by pectin supplementation and returned to normal 3 d after its discontinuation. Fiber supplementation decreased the incremental area under the glucose tolerance curve from 34.8 +/- 3.0 to 27.9 +/- 3.2 mmol/L (p less than 0.01) but did not affect hormonal responses to a meal. Sustained pectin ingestion slowed the gastric-emptying rate and improved glucose tolerance; however, a direct relationship could not be demonstrated between changes in gastric emptying and changes in the incremental area under the glucose curve (r = 0.22).     

锌、硒、铬对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢调节作用

目的 研究锌、硒、铬对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的影响并探讨其相关生化机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠52只，随机留取12只为正常对照组，其余大鼠以四氧嘧啶诱导成糖尿病模型，随机分为糖尿病对照组和3个实验组(糖尿病补锌组、糖尿病补硒组、糖尿病补铬组)。每日灌胃补充一定剂量的锌、硒、铬，实验期为60d。分别进行实验前后生化指标的检测，胰岛细胞的形态学观察。结果 锌、硒、铬对糖尿病大鼠的糖、脂代谢紊乱起到了一定的改善作用，补锌、补硒的效果优于补铬；锌、硒可提高糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力，减轻胰岛的病理损伤，而铬无明显作用。结论 锌、硒、铬通过不同的途径，对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢的紊乱起到了不同程度的改善作用。     

Effects of dehulled adlay on plasma glucose and lipid concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a diet enriched in cholesterol

Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a cereal food for humans and has been also used as a superior medical herb substance and functional food for traditional treatment of diabetes in China. However, its scientific basis as a functional food is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary dehulled adlay on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in diabetic rats. The diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, induced by injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg subcutaneously), were fed a cholesterol-rich diet (0.5% cholesterol) containing corn starch or dehulled adlay for four weeks. After completion of the experimental period, the abdominal adipose tissue and liver of rats were excised and weighed, and the plasma glucose, triglyceride, and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were assayed. The results showed that diabetic rats fed a dehulled adlay diet exhibited a greater adipose tissue weight (9.36 +/- 3.43 vs. 5.39 +/- 3.04 g, p < 0.05) and a reduced food intake (39.3 +/- 5.9 vs. 61.0 +/- 11.7 g/day, p < 0.05) when compared with animals fed a cornstarch diet. Significantly decreased plasma glucose (261.6 +/- 96.6 vs. 422.1 +/- 125.4 mg/dL, p < 0.05), total cholesterol (289.4 +/- 140.6 vs. 627.3 +/- 230.5 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and triglyceride (52.3 +/- 14.4 vs. 96.5 +/- 36.6 mg/dL, p < 0.05) levels were observed in rats fed the dehulled adlay diet. In addition, the ingestion of dehulled adlay appears to significantly decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plus very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentrations. Rats fed a dehulled adlay diet showed an increase in fecal weight and cholesterol contents of stools. Although a significantly decreased plasma thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) value was observed in diabetic rats fed the dehulled adlay diet (6.2 +/- 3.4 vs. 11.0 +/- 3.8 nmol malondialdehyde (MDA)/mL, p < 0.05), no significant difference in the hepatic TBARS value was observed between the two dietary groups. Results from the present study suggest that dehulled adlay exhibited not only a hypolipidemic effect but also displayed a hypoglycemic ability in diabetic rats, indicating that dehulled adlay may play an important role in the regulation of plasma lipid and glucose metabolisms in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin.     

植物甾醇酯对实验大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的探讨植物固醇酯(PSE)对大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法(1)在高脂饲料喂养模型下,4组大鼠分别给予不含(模型组)或含有3个剂量PSE(分别为4·0、16·0、32·0mg/kgbw)的油溶液,30天后测定血脂水平。(2)摘除卵巢的去势大鼠分为模型组,E2组(22·5μg/kgbw己烯雌酚),PSE组(32·0mg/kgbwPSE)和FPE组(500mg/kgbw游离型植物固醇),60天后测定血脂、雌激素,及大鼠子宫、肝脏重量。各实验均设正常对照组以确认造模成功。结果PSE使高脂饲料喂养大鼠甘油三酯(TG)水平下降,高剂量PSE组大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)明显降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及HDL-C/TC升高(P<0·05)。去势模型使大鼠体重、肝脏重量、TC、TG和LDL-C明显升高,雌激素水平和子宫重量显著下降(和对照组比,P<0·05)。PSE和FPS可显著降低去势大鼠体重和肝重,使TC和TG水平下降,子宫重量略有增加(P<0·05),但作用未及E2(P<0·05),对雌激素水平也没有显著影响。结论植物固醇酯具有明显降血脂作用。     

Influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin diabetic rats

The present study was carried out to assess the influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and status of antioxidants in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitonially. Both normal and diabetic rats were fed with a commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented with 6% sesame oil for 42 days. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of blood glucose (322.61 +/- 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides and decreased levels of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). An increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and a decrease in hexokinase activity were observed in liver and kidney tissues. When diabetic rats fed with sesame oil were compared with diabetic rats, a significant reduction in levels of blood glucose (222.02 +/- 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, TBARS, and lipid hydroperoxides and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levels and hexokinase activity were observed. Thus, sesame oil consumption influences beneficially the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.     

Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) extract on blood glucose, blood lipid and hemorheological properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds have previously been shown to have hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects on type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and experimental diabetic animals. The Trigonella foenum-graecum extract has now been investigated for its effects on general properties, blood glucose and blood lipid, and hemorheological parameters in experimental diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administrated by oral intragastric intubation separately with low dose (0.44 g/kg.d), middle dose (0.87 g/kg.d), high dose (1.74 g/kg.d) of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract, and Metformin HCl (0.175 g/kg.d) for 6 weeks. Compared with diabetic group, rats treated with Trigonella foenum-graecum extract had an increase in body weight and a decrease in kidney /body weight ratio (p<0.05). Compared with diabetic group, rats treated Trigonella foenum-graecum extract had lower blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholestrol and higher higher-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). The plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity of high shear rate (200 s-1) and low shear rate (40 s-1), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, whole blood reduction viscosity and platelet conglutination were significantly reduced in diabetic rats treated with high and middle doses of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract, but not in those treated with low dose of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract. It may be concluded that Trigonella foenum-graecum extract can lower kidney /body weight ratio, blood glucose, blood lipid levels and improve hemorheological properties in experimental diabetic rats following repeated treatment for 6 weeks.     

Effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on blood glucose and serum lipids in diabetic subjects

Daily intake of 8.0 g per day of fructo-oligosaccharides for fourteen days significantly reduced mean fasting blood glucose levels by 15 mg/dl, mean serum total cholesterol levels by 19 mg/dl and LDL-cholesterol levels by 17 mg/dl in diabetic subjects (n=18), while the control diabetic subjects (n=10) who were given 5.0 g per day of sucrose showed no significant changes. The levels of serum HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides or free fatty acids were not significantly affected either by fructo-oligosaccharides or sucrose. These results indicate that the daily intake of fructo-oligosaccharides ameliorates the derangements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic subjects.     

L-阿拉伯糖对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨L-阿拉伯糖对2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖、血脂、脏器及胰岛的影响。方法采用雄性Wistar大鼠高糖高脂饲料喂养8周后,按25mg/kgbw的剂量一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病动物模型,按L-阿拉伯糖低剂量(50mg/kgbw)、中剂量(150mg/kgbw)及高剂量(500mg/kgbw)进行灌胃,以阿卡波糖(20mg/kgbw)作为阳性对照,所用L-阿拉伯糖及阿卡波糖均配制于糊精(0.36g/ml)与蔗糖(0.04g/ml)的悬浮液中,自由进食进水。给药4周后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,处死后对大鼠肝脏、附睾脂肪及盲肠进行称重,腹主动脉取血测定TC、TG、血糖及胰岛素水平,通过免疫组织化学切片对胰岛β细胞损伤程度进行评价。结果与模型组对比,低、中、高剂量的L-阿拉伯糖干预对糖尿病大鼠的血糖应答产生了显著影响,30、60和120min血糖值及AUC均显著低于模型对照组(P<0.05),其中以中剂量效果最为显著(P<0.01)。L-阿拉伯糖的干预对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性的改善未见显著,但增加了盲肠重量,对胰岛β细胞也呈现出保护作用。本研究中L-阿拉伯糖的干预对于血脂和血胆固醇的影响较小。结论 L-阿拉伯糖的中长期干预能够改善2型糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量,这种作用可能与L-阿拉伯糖对食物消化酶的抑制及对胰岛β细胞的保护作用相关。     

大鼠糖尿病血糖波动模型的建立

目的探讨利用胰岛素建立大鼠糖尿病血糖波动模型。方法取60只SD大鼠随机分成正常组（n=20）和模型组（n=40）,高糖高脂饲料喂养模型组SD大鼠6周后用小剂量链尿佐菌素（STZ）30mg／Kg腹腔注射诱导建立糖尿病模型,模型成功后将其随机分成持续高糖组（n=20）和血糖波动组（n=20）。血糖波动组大鼠每日2次皮下注射普通胰岛素诱导血糖波动,从而建立糖尿病大鼠血糖波动模型。观察大鼠“三多一少”症状,血糖变化情况。结果（1）血糖波动组和持续组的“三多一少”症状明显。（2）血糖波动组的SDBG,LAGE明显高于正常组[（8．56±0．49）mmol／LVS（0．69±0．05）mmol／L,（23．15±2．51）mmol／LVS（2．14±0．52）mmol／L]及持续组[（8．56±0．49）mmol／LV8（3．25±0．26）mmol／L,（23．15±2．51）retool／Lvs（9．45±2．46）mmol／L],持续组的MBG（24．66±3．32）mmol／L高于正常组（6．10±0．75）mmol／L及波动组（18．16±8．91）mmol／L。（3）持续组和波动组的24h尿蛋白均较普通组明显增加[（100．38±7．99）mg,／24hVS（18．13±1．41）mg／24h,（123．71±11．23）mg／24h VS（18．13±1．41）mg／24h],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,波动组较持续组增加[（123．71±11．23）mg／24hVS（100．38±7．99）mg／24h],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论使用每日皮下注射两次胰岛素的方法能成功制作出糖尿病大鼠血糖波动模型,并可作为研究血糖波动及其并发症的理想动物模型。     

铬、鱼油对肥胖模型大鼠血脂、血糖的影响

肥胖在全球范围内流行 ,而且严重危害身体健康。铬、鱼油参与并调节糖、脂肪代谢 ,因此 ,我们选择了铬、鱼油作为影响因素 ,观察其对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的影响。方法 :将肥胖模型大鼠按体重随机分为 4组 ,每组 8只。分别为肥胖组 ;鱼油组 ;鱼油 +铬组和铬组 ,另设基础对照组。喂养 6周后处死动物。取睾周及肾周脂肪称重记录。测定全血血糖和血清血脂。结果 :三个实验组的血糖值、胆固醇、甘油三酯低于肥胖组 ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于肥胖组。结论 :铬、鱼油能降低高血脂、高血糖 ,调节糖、脂代谢 ,这提示我们铬、鱼油能降低肥胖引起的健康危害     

鄂南农村居民超重与肥胖对血压、血糖和血脂的影响

目的探讨超重与肥胖对血压、血糖和血脂水平的影响,为心血管病、糖尿病的防制提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取鄂南农村居民1641例进行调查,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围和血压,采集空腹静脉血测定血糖(FSG),血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),用Friedwald’s公式计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。对超重肥胖组和体重正常组血压、血糖、血脂进行比较。结果鄂南农村居民超重肥胖率为20.78%,超重肥胖组血压、FSG、TG及LDL-C水平高于体重正常组,而HDL-C水平低于体重正常组;超重肥胖组血压、FSG、TG及HDL-C异常检出率也高于体重正常组;相关分析显示,体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与血压、FSG、TC、TG呈正相关,WHR与HDL-C呈负相关。结论超重肥胖与血压、血糖和血脂的异常密切相关,应控制超重和肥胖的发生。