肥厚型心肌病患者临床特征及肥厚节段分析

目的 对肥厚型心肌病患者临床特征及其受累肥厚节段的分布和程度进行分析.方法 连续收集2004年3月至2007年3月225例临床诊断或可疑的肥厚型心脏病患者的临床资料,包括症状、体征、心电图检查及超声心动图检查等.所有患者均接受心脏核磁共振检查.依据9节段分析法分析受累节段范围、程度等.结果 肥厚型心肌病患者中男163例,女62例,平均年龄(50.4±14.5)岁.28例肥厚型心肌病患者临床无症状,系通过体检发现.197例肥厚型心肌病患者临床症状明显,其中11例伴发晕厥.216例肥厚型心肌病患者心电图异常,73例患者有明确家族史.126例肥厚型心肌病患者可闻及收缩期杂音.超声心动图发现95例患者合并左心室流出道梗阻,32例患者伴发二尖瓣关闭不全.肥厚型心肌病患者合并高血压50例,合并冠心病14例,合并糖尿病5例.225例患者左心房前后径平均为(39.4±8.3)mm,左心室舒张末期横径平均为(47.8±5.5)mm.依据9节段分析法,32.1%的节段受累.非对称性肥厚患者222例,其中室间隔受累198例,对称性肥厚患者3例.心尖受累67例,其中单独心尖受累24例.98例患者室间隔和左心室前壁同时受累.所有室间隔肥厚患者室间隔平均厚度为(23.0±5.2)mm.其中伴发左心室流出道梗阻患者室间隔平均厚度为(24.3±5.3)mm,高于无梗阻患者(21.6±4.6)mm,P＜0.05.所有心尖肥厚患者心尖平均厚度为(15.6±3.4)mm.结论 我国肥厚型心肌病患者男性比例较高,临床发病时间较晚.心脏磁共振能很好地评估肥厚型心肌病各个亚型的病理解剖学特征,是准确诊断肥厚型心肌病的有效方法.     

原发性肥厚型、扩张型心肌病的治疗

随着心肌病检查手段的不断发展 ,如心电图、ＣＴ、ＥＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、心血管造影等相继问世 ,特别是超声心动图的临床应用 ,为诊断心肌病提供了充分的依据 ,但心肌病的治疗一直是临床医生非常关注且又棘手的问题。现就原发性肥厚型、扩张型心肌病的治疗现状进行讨论。原发性肥厚型心肌病肥厚性心肌病是一种原因不明的心室肌不均匀肥厚为特征的心肌疾病 ,根据病变的部位以及血流动力学变化和临床表现的不同 ,主要分为两种类型 :非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病 ,病变在左心室室壁和室间隔 ,而左心室流出道无梗阻和压力阶差 ;梗阻性肥厚型心肌病 ,病变以室…     

肥厚性心肌病心尖肥厚亚型的临床诊断(附28例临床报告)

目的对心尖肥厚型心肌病的辅助诊断进行探讨。方法以心电图、超声心动图、放射核素心肌断层显像、冠状动脉造影及左室造影等检查方法，诊断２８例心尖肥厚型心肌病。结果２８例心电图显示胸导联倒置的Ｔ波呈ＴＶ４＞ＴＶ５的关系；超声心动图左室心尖部（乳头肌水平以下）心肌肥厚达１２ｍｍ以上；１８例行放射核素心肌断层显像见左心室心尖部心肌肥厚；２０例左心室造影均提示心尖部心肌肥厚、冠脉造影正常，其中１１例左心室舒张末期呈“黑桃”样改变。结论标准１２导联心电图显示胸导联倒置的Ｔ波伴Ｒ波振幅增高，而不伴有高血压病史者，应高度注意心尖肥厚型心肌病的诊断。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病临床诊断探讨(附18例临床报告)

以心电图、超声心动图、放射核素心肌断层显像（99mTC－MIBI）、冠状动脉造影及左心室造影等检查方法，诊断18例心尖肥厚型心肌病。18例心电图显示胸导联倒置的T波呈TV4＞TV5TV5＞DV6的关系。超声心动图左心室心尖部（乳头肌水平以下）心肌肥厚，达12mm以上。8例行放射核素心肌断层显像见左心室心尖部心肌肥厚。10例左心室造影均提示心尖部心肌肥厚，其中6例左心室舒张末期呈"黑桃"样改变，冠状动脉造影正常。此文就18例心尖肥厚型心肌病的临床诊断进行探讨。     

肥厚型心肌病患者临床症状及超声心动图特点

目的　总结肥厚型心肌病患者临床症状及超声心动图特点 ,探讨二者之间的关系。方法　收集 10 3例肥厚型心肌病患者的病史、体征、心电图和超声心动图结果并进行统计学分析。结果　 1、肥厚型心肌病患者的症状以劳力性呼吸困难为多见 ,与舒张功能异常有关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,2、心电图异常者占 93% ,3、超声心动图显示 :(1)非对称型肥厚 74 % ,对称型肥厚 2 6 % ,心尖肥厚型 4例 ;(2 )非梗阻型 72 % ,梗阻型 2 8% ;(3)全部病例左心室射血分数均正常 ,舒张功能受损占 5 0 % ;(4 )梗阻组左心室腔明显缩小 ,室间隔明显增厚 ,有二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动 (SAM)现象者占 6 6 % ,与非梗阻组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　肥厚型心肌病临床症状、心电图表现无特异性 ,结合超声心动图可确诊 ;左心室流出道梗阻的发生与室间隔肥厚的程度有关 ;劳力性呼吸困难与舒张功能异常有关     

老年人心尖肥厚型心肌病的临床特点

目的 了解老年人心尖肥厚型心肌病的临床特征及正确诊治方法。方法 分析7例老年心尖肥厚型心肌病患者的临床表现和心电图、超声心动图、心室造影及冠状动脉(冠脉)造影等检查特点，总结老年心尖肥厚型心肌病临床特征。结果 6例出现胸闷、胸痛，4例心界向左侧扩大，2例可闻第四心音。心电图显示胸导为主导联上R波增高、ST段压低及对称性T波倒置，5例经超声心动图证实心尖处心肌肥厚，5例左心室造影时呈“黑桃”样图形，1例冠脉造影有轻度狭窄。结论 老年人心尖肥厚型心肌病多属于黑桃型，可并存冠脉病变。心电图、超声心动图、心室造影及冠脉造影等检查有助于该病的诊断。     

不同部位肥厚型心肌病的心电图诊断价值

目的 以不同部位肥厚型心肌病(HCM)心电图特征作为研究方向,探讨心电图对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值.方法 选取我院2016年1月至2021年1月收治的123例肥厚型心肌病患者,回顾性分析患者相应的超声心动图及心电图检查结果,完成相关性研究.结果 经超声心动图检查并确诊的123例患者中,根据心肌肥厚部位分为心尖肥厚组23例...     

心电图、超声心动图、磁共振技术对肥厚型心肌病的诊断

肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是以左心室或右心室肥厚为特征的原发性心肌病,目前病因尚不明了,有研究表明与遗传、免疫、感染等因素有关.心电图、超声心动图和磁共振技术为肥厚性心肌病的诊断提供了重要的诊断依据.     

肥厚性心肌病的临床、心电图、超声心动图与血液动力学对比研究

肥厚性心肌病并不少见,Brock 首先描写其临床表现。该病常并发左心室流出道受阻,一旦出现梗阻,即称为肥厚性梗阻性心肌病或特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄(IHSS)。本文报告68例的临床、心电图及超声心动图表现,并与血液动力学作对比分析,强调临床与无创伤性检查对诊断的重要意义。     

心电图在肥厚型心肌病诊治中的研究进展

肥厚型心肌病是一种以左心室肥厚为特征的遗传性心肌疾病，心电图是肥厚型心肌病初步诊断的重要工具。心电图异常多见于显性肥厚型心肌病基因携带者，且心电图改变较超声心动图检测的左室壁增厚更早、更敏感。现就心电图在HCM诊断和治疗中的研究进展做一综述。     

Variable patterns of ST-T abnormalities in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and normal coronary arteries.

BACKGROUND--Classically, the ST-T configuration in the electrocardiogram of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy is said to have a typical pattern of ST depression together with asymmetrical T wave inversion (the so-called left ventricular strain pattern). However, many patients with left ventricular hypertrophy may also have ischaemic heart disease. To revise the electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy the ST-T configuration in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy documented by echocardiography and with normal coronary arteries was assessed. METHODS--24 patients were selected for this study. All had left ventricular hypertrophy documented by echocardiography, normal coronary arteries by cardiac catheterisation, and ST and/or T wave abnormalities in the lateral leads of their electrocardiogram. There were eight patients with aortic valve disease and 16 with hypertension who had coronary angiography as part of an investigation into the risk factors of sudden cardiac death caused by hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. No patient was receiving digitalis preparations or had electrolyte disturbances, and none had a previous myocardial infarction or ventricular conduction defect. RESULTS--Typical electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular strain was found in approximately two thirds (63%) of patients and 95% of this subgroup had asymmetrical T wave inversion. Flat ST segment depression, with or without T wave inversion or isolated T wave inversion (symmetrical or asymmetrical) in the anterolateral leads, was seen in the remaining 37% of patients. CONCLUSIONS--These findings indicate that left ventricular hypertrophy without coronary artery disease can cause variable types of ST-T abnormalities in the anterolateral leads including the typical left ventricular strain pattern and non-specific ST-T changes. Non-specific abnormalities could not be distinguished from those of coronary artery disease and may adversely affect the accuracy of the electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy because they do not accord with the criteria for left ventricular strain.     

心脏核磁共振在心肌淀粉样变中的诊断价值

目的 研究心内膜心肌活检(EMB)确诊心肌淀粉样变性(CA)患者的临床和心脏核磁共振(CMR)特点,明确CMR在CA中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年9月至2010年12月期间EMB确诊CA并行CMR检查患者的临床表现、心电图、心脏超声及CMR结果.结果 共18例患者通过EMB确诊为CA,其中5例进行了CMR检查.5例患者均有心力衰竭的临床表现以及心电图改变,心脏超声示左心室向心性肥厚,心肌回声增强、颗粒样回声,左心房扩大,限制性舒张功能不全.CMR主要表现为左心室壁增厚,室间隔增厚明显,双房均增大,心室收缩功能正常或减低,舒张功能均不同程度受限,部分伴有心包及胸腔积液,延迟钆显像(LGE)呈不同程度的延迟强化,位于左心室心内膜下或心肌弥漫性延迟强化,部分患者强化可为线样、颗粒样或斑片状.随病程延长,心肌LGE程度及范围有更严重的趋势,与心电图改变一致.结论 CMR有助于CA诊断及病情判断,为CA重要的无创检查方法之一.临床怀疑CA患者可早期进行CMR检查,特别是在没有开展EMB检查的医院.     

心脏淀粉样变的心脏超声及心电图特点

目的：分析心脏淀粉样变患者的心脏超声及心电图特点,为临床医师早期识别和诊断心脏淀粉样变性提供帮助。方法：2003年7月～2011年10月我院结合临床及病理检查确诊心脏淀粉样变性患者20例,回顾性分析其超声心动图和心电图特点。结果：心脏超声检查所见：20例患者均表现室间隔[（15．67±3．60）mm]及左心室后壁向心性增厚[（15．73±3．54）mm]而左心室容积正常;所有患者均存在舒张功能不全;多数患者有左心房增大（19例,95％）,心内膜下心肌有颗粒样反光增强（17例,85％）,出现中一大量心包积液（11例,55％）。心电图表现为：20例患者心电图肢体导联的电压均较低,肢体导联低电压和假性梗死Q波的发生率分别为55％和45％。结论：不明原因心力衰竭的患者,如果心脏超声示心室肌肥厚且心室容积正常,伴心内膜下心肌内有颗粒样反光增强,而心电图又表现为肢体导联低电压或非梗死性Q波时,应考虑心脏淀粉样变性的可能性。应进一步行病理活检等检查,以利于早期诊断和治疗。     

Overriding tricuspid valve: Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic features

Eight cases are presented in which the diagnosis of overriding of the tricuspid valve was made during life and the electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic features of this defect are presented. Four of the patients had dextrotransposition of the great arteries, three had normally related great arteries and one had corrected transposition. In each case there was hypoplasia of the right ventricle and a ventricular septal defect of the atrioventricular (A-V) canal type. The electrocardiogram in the cases with d-transposition was characterized by diminished right ventricular forces, left ventricular hypertrophy and a superior leftward frontal plane axis. The echocardiogram in seven cases demonstrated a septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve opening posterior to the septum into the left ventricle. In four cases the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve was shown crossing the plane of the interventricular septum as it opened in diastole. The diagnosis in five cases was made angiographically by a left ventricular injection in the left anterior oblique projection. In this view the septum was viewed tangentially and in diastole the negative silhouette of the tricuspid valve was seen straddling the interventricular septum. The presence of an overriding tricuspid valve can greatly complicate repair of intracardiac defects. The diagnosis of this A-V valve anomaly can be accurately made with the use of echocardiography and selective left ventricular angiography.     

The electrocardiogram in tetralogy of Fallot with complete atrioventricular canal

The electrocardiograms in nine cases of tetralogy of Fallot with complete atrioventricular canal were reviewed. Only six patients had the typical pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy and superiorly displaced loop in the frontal plane. Of the remaining three patients, two had only right ventricular hypertrophy and one had a normal electrocardiogram. The necessity of two-dimensional echocardiography or an accurate catheterization technique designed to reveal the combined lesions, even when unsuspected, is emphasized.     

Electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left bundle branch block

When left bundle branch block (LBBB) is present on the electrocardiogram, the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may be difficult. The left ventricular mass in 70 patients with LBBB was estimated by echocardiography, and was compared to the QRS configuration on the electrocardiogram. We found that there was agreement between a monophasic R pattern in lead 1 or V6 (sensitivity 79.3%, 70.7%) and left ventricular hypertrophy. We suggest that a monophasic R pattern in L1 and V6 may provide a useful simple index of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left bundle branch block.     

肥厚性心肌病心电图及动态心电图分析

目的观察肥厚性心肌病的心电图及动态心电图特点。方法对经超声心动图诊断确诊的88例肥厚性心肌病患者的心电图和动态心电图检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果最常见的心电图和动态心电图异常是ST-T改变,达73．86％～92．05％,其次是左心室肥大,达59．09％。动态心电图显示,肥厚型梗阻性与非梗阻性心肌病的频发室性期前收缩发生率分别为30％与2．g％,多形和成对的室性期前收缩、RonT现象发生率分别为45％与16．2％,短阵室性心动过速速发生率分别为40％与13．2％,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肥厚型心肌病心电图的主要表现为ST—T改变和左心室肥大,动态心电图有助于室性心律失常的诊断。     

Echocardiographic classification of hypertensive heart disease. A correlative study with clinical features.

Forty patients with systemic hypertension were classified into 4 types based on the left ventricular echocardiographic findings. Patients with normal left ventricular echogram, type I, showed little clinical symptoms and signs of hypertensive involvement. Higher systolic pressure and marked hypertensive retinal and renal changes were observed in patients with symmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, type II. Congestive heart failure was dominantly present in those with dilatation of the left ventricle, type IV. High voltages and marked ST-T changes in electrocardiogram were usually found in patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, type III, while retinal and renal damages were mild. Left ventriculograms obtained from 6 cases in type III also revealed hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and one of them demonstrated left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. These cardiac features in type III, which are quite similar to those in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, seemed to be a secondary change induced by systemic hypertension on the basis of some predisposition.     

磁共振成像对高血压性心脏病左心室肥厚的诊断价值

对 2 5例原发性高血压、血压≥ 16 0 /90mmHg ,且经过心电图、心脏远达距离摄片、超声心动图检查 ,其中至少一项符合左心室肥厚 (LVH)标准的患者 ,进行磁共振扫描成像 (MRI) ,并与上述检测结果对比 ,以估价MRI对高血压性心脏病LVH的诊断价值。结果表明 ,MRI对LVH的诊断率 (96 % )明显高于超声心动图(5 6 % )、X线 (40 % )和心电图 (2 8% )对LVH的诊断率 (P均 <0 .0 1)。且MRI可测定收缩及舒张期室壁厚度 ,可对LVH准确分型 ,可对比心脏大小、心室容量及心肌重量。MRI对LVH是一种极好的诊断方法     

少见类型肥厚型心肌病的超声心动图诊断与鉴别诊断

分析少见类型肥厚型心肌病患者的超声心动图特点 ,提高超声心动图对该病诊断的准确性。利用Acuson12 8XP10彩色电脑声像仪分析了 38例经临床及超声心动图诊断为肥厚型心肌病患者的有关资料 ,采取二维超声心动图多切面、多角度观测室间隔、游离壁厚度和活动幅度以及二尖瓣活动特点 ;M型超声心动图Ⅱa区、Ⅳ区测量房室腔内径及室壁厚度 ;多普勒超声心动图记录左室流出道血流速度、二尖瓣频谱形态及二尖瓣返流速度。 38例肥厚型心肌病患者中 ,以Ⅲ型最为多见 ,占 4 5%。少见类型中心尖肥厚型 2例 ,心尖最厚达 33mm ;后下壁及下间隔肥厚型各 1例 ;对称型肥厚者 2例 ;高血压合并肥厚型心肌病者 2例。肥厚型心肌病的肥厚心肌分布比较复杂 ,少见类型肥厚型心肌病的诊断更应注意多切面、多角度进行探查 ,避免漏诊及误诊。