足底内侧动脉浅支为蒂的游离足内侧穿支皮瓣修复手腕掌部深度软组织缺损

目的 探讨足底内侧动脉浅支为蒂的游离足内侧穿支皮瓣修复手腕掌部深度软组织缺损的疗效.方法 采用足底内侧动脉浅支为蒂的游离足内侧穿支皮瓣修复4例手腕掌部深度软组织缺损患者.皮肤软组织缺损面积4.5 cm×3.5 cm～10.5 cm×4.5 cm,皮瓣切取面积5.0 cm×4.0 cm～11.0 cm×5.0 cm,供区...     

游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损

目的报道应用游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损的方法和临床效果。方法2009年2月-2013年1月,对12例手部不同部位、形态的皮肤软组织缺损采用游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣进行修复,切取皮瓣面积为4cm×6cm-8cm×13cm,以肌皮、肌间隔穿支为蒂。动脉血管蒂与受区血管采用端端或端侧吻合,供区创面直接缝合或游离植皮。结果本组12例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3～12个月．1例指腹皮瓣因臃肿行皮瓣修整术后手指屈曲功能接近正常,余11例皮瓣的外观与功能恢复良好。结论应用腓动脉穿支皮瓣,可设计切取不同形状、大小的皮瓣,以适应并修复手部不同部位、形态的皮肤软组织缺损,均获得良好的修复效果。     

腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损

目的 探讨腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损及骨髓炎创面的临床疗效。方法采用腓动脉穿支远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损及骨髓炎创面18例。其中,足后跟软组织缺损伴骨感染4例,跟腱部缺损3例,内踝部缺损3例,外踝缺损伴死腔8例,皮肤缺损范围9 cm×4 cm～16 cm×9cm。皮瓣切取面积10 cm×6 cm～18 cm×10 cm,携带的深层腓肠肌肉面积4cm×3 cm～9cm ×6cm。供区直接拉拢缝合7例,游离植皮11例。 结果 术后18例肌皮瓣完全成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。随访5～14个月,无并发症,皮瓣质地优良,外观满意,行走正常,术后皮瓣感觉恢复欠佳。 结论 腓动脉穿支远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣,血供可靠,转移方便,是修复足踝部软组织缺损及骨髓炎创面的好方法。     

腓动脉及穿支血管蒂皮瓣移位修复膝关节周围软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用腓动脉及穿支血管蒂皮瓣顺行移位修复膝关节软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 2007年10月-2008年1月,收治3例车祸致膝关节周围软组织缺损患者.男2例,女1例;年龄分别为18、31、42岁.1例骨盆及股骨骨折伴胭窝部皮肤软组织缺损,骨折切开复位内固定术并膝关节清创术后2周;1例因胫骨平台骨折切开复位内固定术后皮肤坏死3周;1例胫骨平台开放骨折伴内侧髁部皮肤软组织缺损,清创外固定术后3周.皮肤软组织缺损大小分别为16 cm×9 cm、11 cm×6 cm及14 cm×7 cm.术中分离显露包含于皮瓣内的1～2支腓动脉穿支,于腓动脉穿支发出,远端结扎切断腓动脉及静脉,向近端游离腓血管至腓骨头下7～9cm,以此为旋转点,连同皮瓣向近端移位修复缺损.切取皮瓣大小分别为18 cm×10 cm、12 cm×7cm及15 cm×8 cm,血管蒂长10～17 cm.供区创口两端直接缝合,中部残留创面以游离皮片移植修复.结果 术后3例皮瓣全部成活.供区与创面均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮均成活.3例均获随访,随访时间分别为6、8及11个月.皮瓣色泽、质地良好,外形满意.根据改良HSS膝关节评分标准,膝关节功能均为优.结论 腓动脉及穿支血管蒂营养皮瓣血管蒂长,蒂部细小易移位且不易受压,血供可靠,切取范围大,外形美观,用于膝关节皮肤软组织缺损的修复临床效果满意.     

游离腓动脉穿支筋膜瓣修复手部皮肤缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓动脉穿支筋膜瓣修复手部软组织缺损,减少供区损伤的方法和临床效果.方法 2007年12月至2009年10月,对6例手部皮肤缺损患者,应用游离腓动脉肌皮穿支筋膜瓣进行修复,切取面积为5.0 cm×4.5 cm～10.0 cm×7.0 cm,以肌皮穿支为蒂.动脉血管蒂与受区血管采用端侧吻合,受区筋膜瓣行断层植皮覆盖.供区创面直接缝合.结果 术后6例筋膜瓣全部存活;术后7 d,筋膜表面植皮成活大于90%4例,80%2例.随访时间为3～12个月,1例皮瓣臃肿,术后3个月行皮瓣修整术;5例皮瓣略臃肿,外观满意.小腿供区仅留线条瘢痕.结论 腓动脉穿支筋膜瓣是在腓动脉穿支皮瓣基础上的改良,目的 是减少供区创伤,改善小腿外观.筋膜瓣本身可以填充组织缺损,为功能重建提供条件.     

穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损25例临床分析

目的 探讨穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣在足踝部软组织缺损创面修复中的应用效果.方法 自2007年7月到2011年12月,对足踝部软组织缺损患者采用穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复25例,穿支动脉来源分别为腓动脉18例,胫后动脉6例,足背动脉1例.皮瓣面积4cm×10cm～9 cm×33 cm.结果 供区直接缝合9例,游离植皮16例,有3例皮瓣术后出现静脉淤血,2例经滴血疗法最终皮瓣成活,1例皮瓣远端1/3坏死,经清创后游离植皮治愈.所有患者均获随访,随访时间1～26个月,所有皮瓣蒂部平整,外表美观,患者较为满意.结论 穿支螺旋桨皮瓣操作简单、安全有效,在足踝部软组织缺损创面的修复中比其他带蒂皮瓣更具优越性.     

游离移植腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣游离移植修复前臂及手部皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 2006年5月-2007年1月,收治6例前臂及手部皮肤软组织缺损患者.男5例,女1例;年龄22～51岁.机器绞伤4例,车祸伤2例.手部、前臂皮肤缺损伴尺桡骨骨折各1例,手部皮肤缺损伴肌腱损伤、掌骨骨折以及前臂皮肤缺损各2例.皮肤软组织缺损范围16 cm×7 cm～24 cm×10 cm.术中根据受区皮肤软组织缺损形状和大小,以外踝上腓动脉穿支血管为蒂带部分腓动脉主干、沿腓肠神经营养血管轴线设计并切取皮瓣修复受区,将腓动脉及2条伴行静脉分别与受区的桡(尺)动静脉及头静脉吻合.术中切取皮瓣18 cm×8 cm～25 cm×12 cm.供区两端直接缝合,中部残留创面以游离皮片修复.结果 术后5例皮瓣全部成活;1例皮瓣远端局部回流不畅浅表坏死,经换药及抗感染治疗后愈合.供区均Ⅰ期愈合.6例均获随访6～13个月,受区皮瓣外形及功能满意.供区肢体无异常,正常行走.结论 腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣外形美观,血管蒂恒定,血供可靠,切取范围大,对供区影响小,可用作游离移植修复前臂及手部的大面积皮肤软组织缺损.     

游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损

目的介绍游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法以腓动脉应用解剖为基础,术前超声多普勒定位血管蒂,并以此为中心设计皮瓣。皮瓣面积：5cm×9cm-10cm×20cm。2009年10月-2012年5月,应用游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损17例。结果17例皮瓣及供区植皮全部成活,受区外形及功能满意,小腿功能无影响。结论游离小腿外侧腓动脉穿支皮瓣是修复手前臂及足部皮肤缺损的理想方法。     

逆行胫前动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复前足创面

目的 总结逆行胫前动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复前足创面的疗效。方法 2007年3月-2012年4月,收治6例前足软组织缺损患者。男4例,女2例;年龄25~56岁,平均36岁。致伤原因:砸伤4例,碾压伤2例。创面均伴肌腱外露,合并骨折5例。软组织缺损范围13 cm×6 cm~15 cm×8 cm。采用大小为14 cm×8 cm~17 cm×9 cm的逆行胫前动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复。供区游离植皮修复。结果 术后皮瓣及植皮均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。6例均获随访,随访时间3~18个月,平均6个月。皮瓣质地柔软、外形良好,无磨损及破溃;患者穿鞋行走正常。结论 胫前动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠,厚薄及质地适中,是修复前足创面较好方法之一。     

逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损

目的评价逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对25例足踝部软组织缺损的患者采用逆行腓动脉穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复。其中,以腓动脉终末穿支的升支为蒂19例,以其降支为蒂6例。软组织缺损大小10cm×9cm～4cm×3cm,皮瓣面积11cm×9.5cm～6cm×5cm。结果 23例皮瓣完全存活,另2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后植皮修复。皮瓣术后轻度肿胀,无瘀血。术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地优良,蒂部无臃肿。结论以腓动脉穿支为蒂的腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠、质地优良,是修复足、踝软组织缺损的良好选择。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.