CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与儿科疾病

古希腊特尔斐阿波罗神庙上镌刻着一句铭言:Gnothi Seauton(英文为know thyself)即"认识自己"."认识自己"已成为免疫学家广为认可的定律:机体免疫系统首先必须识别自身的抗原,产生无反应性,再针对外来抗原产生免疫应答,即"识别自身,排斥异己".     

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in health and disease

1. Over the past 5 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the suppressive mechanisms of T regulatory (Treg) cells. The Treg cells, a subpopulation of T cells, have been shown to play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. 2. Various populations of Treg cells have been described, including thymically derived CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells. These naturally occurring Treg cells are present in the periphery and are capable of suppressing proliferation and effector T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. 3. In addition, a second subset of Treg cells, type 1 T regulatoary (Tr1) and Th3 cells, exert their suppressive capacity via cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta and are contact independent. 4. The present review summarizes the characteristics and molecular basis of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, as well as their therapeutic potential in modulating inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis.     

The generation and antigen-specificity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are essential components of the immune system. They help to maintain immune tolerance by exerting suppressive effects on cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. In the last few years there has been an abundance of papers addressing the suppressive effects of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and their putative role in various experimental disease models and human diseases. Despite the enormous amounts of data on these cells a number of controversial issues still exists. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were originally described as thymus-derived anergic/suppressive T cells. Recent papers however indicate that these cells might also be generated in the periphery. Due to the thymic development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells it was thought that these cells were specific for self-antigens. Indeed it was shown that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells could be positively selected upon high affinity interaction with self-antigens. However, evidence is accumulating that these cells might also interact with non-self antigens. Finally, in the literature there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of soluble factors versus cell-contact in the mechanism of suppression. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting these opposing viewpoints and to combine them into a general model for the origin, function and antigen-specificity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.     

Resveratrol induces the suppression of tumor-derived CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are negative regulator of the immune system and main obstacles to cancer immunotherapy in tumor-bearing hosts. Resveratrol is a natural product found in grapes with both immunomodulatory and anticancer effects, which can be controlled by Treg cells. Therefore, to determine whether resveratrol performs these actions via Treg cells, we investigated changes in Treg cell population and immunomodulatory cytokines in EG7 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, CD4+CD25+ cell population among CD4+ cells was inhibited ex vivo by resveratrol treatment in a dose-dependent manner. FoxP3+ expressing cells among CD4+CD25+ population were significantly reduced after resveratrol treatment ex vivo in intracellular FACS analysis. Single intraperitoneal administration of 4 mg/kg resveratrol suppressed the CD4+CD25+ cell population among CD4+ cells and downregulated secretion of TGF-beta, an immunosuppressive cytokine, measured from the spleens of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, resveratrol enhanced IFN-gamma expression in CD8+ T cells both ex vivo and in vivo,leading to immune stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol has a suppressive role on CD4+CD25+ cell population and makes peritumoral microenvironment unfavorable to tumor in tumor-bearing mice. Thus, resveratrol can be considered as possible adjuvant material for vaccination-based cancer therapy.     

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells: a therapeutic target for liver diseases

Background: Regulatory T cells (T_regs) have been shown to play an important role in maintaining peripheral immune homeostasis by suppressing autoreactive and allergen-specific T cells and turning off the immune response after the pathogen has been cleared. However, in certain situations T_regs can impair effective immunity to some pathogens and tumour cells. Objective: To review the role of T_regs in liver pathology and to assess the potential to enhance or inhibit their function as applied to the treatment of liver disease. Methods: The literature was reviewed using standard indexing terms and incorporating publications up to and including those published in 2007. Results/conclusions: T_regs are therapeutic targets for modulation in autoimmune disease and may provide new opportunities for application to human liver conditions.     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞在类风湿性关节炎中的研究进展

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Tregs)主要发挥抑制性免疫调节功能,在维持外周免疫耐受和预防自身免疫性疾病中发挥重要作用。该文综述了CD4+CD25+Tregs的特征、作用机制及其在类风湿性关节炎(RA)中的作用,以便进一步研究此群细胞的功能,为RA的防治提供新的思路。     

The Janus face of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in cancer and autoimmunity

Regulatory T cells (Treg) encompass a heterogeneous family of T cells implicated in maintenance of tolerance to self antigens. Treg cells might be qualitatively and/or quantitatively deficient in human autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, graft versus host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. In animal models of autoimmunity, infusion of ex vivo-expanded Treg cells and/or in vivo enhancement of Treg cell suppressor function by pharmacological agents and cytokines attenuate disease manifestations and restore tolerance. However, Treg cells represent a double-edged sword, as Treg cells with specificity for tumour-associated antigens contribute to cancer pathogenesis and progression. In vivo depletion of Treg cells by monoclonal antibodies and/or selected drugs is an encouraging therapeutic strategy which improves tumour eradication in animal models of cancer. In addition, elimination and/or functional inactivation of Treg cells might boost anti-tumour immunity in tumour-bearing hosts receiving anti-cancer vaccination. The present review discusses Treg cell manipulation as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer and autoimmunity, conditions characterised by a common regulatory basis.     

雷帕霉素诱导大鼠体内CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞的增殖

目的 探讨雷帕霉素(RPM)对大鼠CD4+CD25+FoxP3调节性T细胞的影响.方法 大鼠20只随机均分为两组:实验组RPM 2 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃2周;对照组用生理盐水替代.无菌件下下腔静脉采血,并分离脾脏及胸腺,制备单个核细胞悬液.采用流式细胞术检测大鼠外周血、脾脏及胸腺内CD4+CD25+T细胞的占单个核细胞的比例,实时定量-PCR检测脾脏细胞FoxP3 mRNA表达,ELISA检测外周血血清转化生长因子β(TGF-13)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)含量.结果 实验组外周血、脾脏和胸腺中CD4+CD25+T细胞的比例明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).实验组大鼠脾脏细胞FoxP3 mRNA表达为对照组的4.1倍.实验组TGF-β和IL-10显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 RPM能诱导大鼠体内CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞增殖,且增加体内免疫抑制性细胞因子TGF-β和IL-10的分泌.     

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞在急性脑梗死患者外周血中表达的初步研究

目的初步探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T淋巴细胞在急性脑梗死患者外周血中的表达情况。方法采用流式细胞术分别检测取98例急性脑梗死患者和50名健康体检者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞所占比例,并用双抗体夹心法检测各组血清TGF-B、IL-10和IL-2。结果急性脑梗死患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞水平显著高于对照组（P〈O．01）,血清中TGF-β、IL-10和IL-2显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞在急性脑梗死患者外周血中表达显著升高,血清中的相关细胞因子参与诱导CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的生成,提示CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞可能参与了急性脑梗死的发生、发展。     

自身免疫性肝病相关抗体与CD4^＋4CD25^＋high调节性T细胞的临床意义探讨

目的探讨自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）患者外周血CD_4^＋CD_25^＋high调节性T细胞的作用。方法抗核抗体酶联免疫分析法检测（ANA）。自身免疫性肝病谱线性免疫分析法（LIVER-LIA）测定抗肝肾微粒体1（LKM-1）、抗肝细胞溶质抗原1（LC-1）、抗线粒体-2（AMA-M2）、抗可溶性肝抗原／抗肝胰抗原（SLA／LP）。用流式细胞仪技术比较分析AIH患者51例、慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）30例及健康正常人20例外周血中的CD_4^＋CD25^＋high调节性T细胞，用免疫组织化学法检测AIH和CHB患者肝组织Foxp3的表达情况。结果AIH占51％（51／100），AIH组外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋high／CD4^＋百分率显著低于正常组（P〈0．05）和CHB组（P〈0．01），并且CHB组显著高于正常组（P〈0．05）；同时AIH组外周血中CD_4^＋T细胞也显著高于CHB组（P〈0．01）；肝组织Foxp3^＋细胞主要分布于肝小叶内窦周隙、汇管区，AIH组肝组织Foxp3^＋表达显著低于CHB组（P〈0．01）。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋high调节性T细胞下降可能是自身免疫性肝炎发病的原因之一。     

来氟米特对胶原性关节炎大鼠CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的影响

目的:探讨来氟米特对胶原性关节炎中免疫抑制性CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的作用.方法:II型胶原诱导Wistar大鼠,建立胶原性关节炎模型;检测关节炎大鼠多发性关节炎评分,每周2次;流式细胞仪检测脾淋巴细胞中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的比例;RT-PCR检测脾淋巴细胞中Foxp3 mRNA的表达.结果:与模型组比...     

哮喘患者外周血单个核细胞CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞及IL-4分泌水平的检测

目的:探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在哮喘发病机制中的作用,为哮喘的临床治疗提供新的思路和方法。方法:分离哮喘患者和正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),用流式细胞仪分析CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在外周血单个核细胞中的比例;酶联免疫吸附法(ELASA)检测外周血PBMC培养上清IL-4的分泌状况。结果:哮喘组外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的百分率为(3.2±1.5)%,健康对照组为(6.5±2.5)%,哮喘组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);哮喘组外周血PBMC培养上清IL-4分泌水平为(57.3±13.5)ng/L,健康对照组为(28.6±7.2)ng/L,哮喘组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞可能参与了哮喘的发生与发展。     

免疫性血小板减少症患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞变化的临床意义

目的探讨免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者治疗前后CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的变化及其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测62例ITP患者(A组)采用不同治疗方案治疗前后和36例正常对照者(B组)外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例。采用RT-PCR检测Foxp3mRNA的表达。结果与B组比较,A组治疗前CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例较高[(9.60±4.15)%vs.(16.56±5.68)%],CD4+Foxp3+和CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞比例较低[(3.88±1.34)%vs.(1.98±1.53)%和(2.72±0.93)%vs.(1.38±0.98)%](P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,A组治疗后CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例降低[(16.56±5.68)%vs.(10.72±5.15)%](P<0.05)。利妥昔单抗联合丙种球蛋白治疗组CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例较其他方案治疗组升高(P<0.05)。A组治疗前的Foxp3mRNA表达低于B组,治疗后明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞数量可能与ITP的严重性密切相关。     

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞在急性白血病患者外周血的表达

目的 初步探讨CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞在急性白血病(AL)患者外周血中的表达及其临床意义.方法 流式细胞术分别检测43例AL初诊(A组)、经化疗完全缓解(CR,B组)25例及20例健康志愿者(C组)外周血中CD4 CD25 T细胞所占比例;荧光定量RT-PCR分析各组外周血中叉状头/翅膀状螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)mRNA的表达水平,并逐层分析比较.结果 B组CD4 CD25 T细胞比例及Foxp3含量均明显高于A、C组(P＜0.01).A组Foxp3表达明显高于C组(P＜0.01).在AL各亚型之间CD4 CD25 T细胞及Foxp3表达均无显著差异.结论 CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞在初治AL或CR患者外周血中比例增加,可能是AL免疫抑制的一个重要原因.     

In-vitro generation and characterisation of murine CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells with indirect allospecificity

Naturally arising CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in the prevention of autoimmunity and in the induction of donor-specific transplantation tolerance. Harnessing regulatory cells for potential adoptive cell therapy is hampered by their lack of antigen-specificity and their limited numbers. Here we describe the generation and expansion of murine CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with antigen-specificity for an K(d) peptide as potential reagents for adoptive cell therapy in promoting donor-specific transplantation tolerance. Using bone marrow-derived autologous dendritic cells pulsed with the K(d) peptide, we generated T cell lines from purified CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from C56BL/6 mice. The T cell lines expressed high level of CD25 and low level of CD45RB and CD69. They maintained the expression of CD62L, GITR, CTLA-4 and more importantly FoxP3. The CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell lines were anergic after TCR stimulation and produced little cytokine such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Importantly, they were more potent than freshly isolated CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in suppressing proliferation and cytokine secretion by effector CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, the CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell lines could be expanded to large cell numbers and maintained in culture up to 1 year. The K(d)-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell lines will be invaluable in devising a strategy for the induction of cardiac transplantation tolerance in wild-type B6 mice carrying a full mismatch BALB/c heart.     

调节性T淋巴细胞在HCV感染者病程不同阶段的表达

目的探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)在HCV感染者病程不同阶段的表达及其意义。方法收集非活动性HCV感染33例(A组)、活动性HCV感染32例(B组)、慢性丙型肝炎56例(C组)、HCV相关性肝硬化47例(D组)、HCV相关性肝癌45例(E组)和健康对照者60例(F组),采用流式细胞术检测外周血CD4+T细胞中CD4+CD25+Treg的表达频率,并进行统计学分析。结果 B、C、D、E组外周血CD4+T细胞中CD4+CD25+Treg的表达频率均明显高于F组(P<0.01)。组间比较,A组患者外周血的CD4+CD25+Treg细胞表达频率明显低于B、C、D、E组(P<0.01),D、E组表达频率明显高于B、C组(P<0.01)。结论 HCV感染导致CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的增殖与活化,使机体对其的免疫清除不完全,从而促进HCV感染者疾病的进展和肝癌的发生。     

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞与慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的关系

目的 探讨调节性T细胞（Treg）在慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染中的免疫调节作用。方法 采用流式细胞术检测慢性活动性肝炎患者、乙型肝炎病毒携带者、乙型肝炎恢复者及健康对照者外周血CIN^＋T细胞中的CIN^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋调节性T细胞的比例。采用免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中Foxp3的表达。统计分析外周血中CIN^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋调节性T细胞的比例数与血清HBeAg和HBVDNA含量的关系。结果 外周血CIN^＋T细胞中CIN^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋调节性T细胞的比例数在慢性活动型肝炎组和乙型肝炎病毒携带组均高于健康对照组（P〈0．05），乙型肝炎病毒携带者组高于乙型肝炎恢复组（P〈0．05）。Foxp3在慢性活动型肝炎组肝组织中的阳性率和阳性细胞数均高于乙型肝炎病毒携带者组（P〈0．05）。外周血HBeAg（＋）患者Treg的比例数高于血清HBeAg（-）患者Treg的比例数（t=1．67．P〈0．05）。患者外周血CIN^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋Treg的比例数与血清HBV DNA含量呈正相关（r=0．56，P〈0．01）。结论 CIN^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋调节性T细胞可能与乙型肝炎病毒感染慢性化及乙型肝炎病毒的清除有关。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞及Th17细胞与Graves病机制研究

目的：探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞以及Th17细胞与Graves病的关系。方法：检测GD患者和对照组外周血单个核细胞CD4+CD25+Tregs、Th17细胞的数量,PBMC中TGF-β、IL-10和FoxP3 mRNA的表达水平以及血清TGF-β、IL-10和IL-17水平。结果：GD组外周血Th17数量高于对照组,血清中IL-17水平也高于对照组（P＜0.05）;而CD4+CD25+Tregs的数量低于对照组,而且TGF-β、FoxP3表达水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;GD组血清中TGF-β、IL-10水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：CD4+CD25+Tregs数量的减少或功能障碍以及Th17细胞数量的升高,可能参与GD的发病过程。