强迫症患者脑岛功能连接异常磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨静息态下强迫症患者脑岛的功能连接特点。方法:纳入符合DSM-IV强迫症诊断标准的患者32例及性别、年龄、教育年限相匹配的正常对照37例,采用Y-BOCS量表评定强迫思维、强迫行为严重程度,应用3.0T磁共振成像系统进行静息态数据扫描。以双侧脑岛为感兴趣区(ROI)进行全脑功能连接(FC)分析,比较强迫症组与正常对照组之间的功能连接差异,并分析差异脑区功能连接强度与临床症状之间的关系。结果:与正常对照组相比,强迫症患者组的左侧脑岛与右侧缘上回、右侧顶下回、右侧顶上回的功能连接增强(FDR校正,P<0.01);右侧脑岛与右侧岛盖部额下回、左侧缘上回、右侧缘上回、右侧中央后回的功能连接增强(FDR校正,P<0.05);进一步分析发现,右侧脑岛与右侧中央后回的功能连接强度与强迫行为得分呈负相关(r=-0.35,P<0.05)。结论:强迫症患者脑岛的功能连接网络模式可能存在异常。     

基于描峰聚类的动态脑功能网络状态划分

目的近年来脑功能网络的动态属性分析已经成为脑功能研究的热点,脑功能网络状态划分则是脑功能网络动态属性分析的重要方面,目前国际上广泛采用的脑功能网络状态划分策略是k均值聚类算法,而k均值聚类算法存在两个缺陷。而描峰聚类(density peak clustering)算法能直观展现合理的类别数,从而有效解决k均值聚类中k值难以确定的问题。本文拟基于动态功能连接(dynamic functional connectivity,DFC)的脑功能网络状态划分,为脑功能网络划分探索新的模型。方法基于61位成年人静息态功能磁共振成像(resting state functional magnetic resonance image,rs-f MRI)数据,采用滑动窗口计算方法构建功能连接矩阵。基于多种距离度量使用多维尺度分析算法对其进行有效降维,通过描峰聚类算法进行脑功能网络状态划分,使用脑功能网络划分常用的状态模式图和聚类决策图进行结果的校验。结果基于余弦距离、相关系数以及Spearman等描述相似性的距离度量进行降维,得到的结果生理意义较为明确,且有效功能网络状态数为3～5。另外,脑区之间松散联系的网络状态比其他网络状态更频繁地发生。结论描峰聚类算法足以对个体脑功能连接随时间的动态波动进行状态划分,这可为脑功能网络划分研究提供新的思路。     

2型糖尿病患者海马体脑功能连接的磁共振成像研究

目的:应用功能磁共振成像技术研究2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者静息状态下海马功能连接的变化。方法:采集27 例 T2D患者和32例正常人的脑功能磁共振成像信号,选择海马的4个分区作为种子点计算功能连接,对海马与其他脑区的 功能连接强度与临床指标进行相关性分析。结果:与正常人相比,T2D患者的右前海马与梭状回、枕中回之间的功能连接 减弱;左前海马与梭状回功能连接增强;右后海马与距状回功能连接减弱;左后海马与舌回功能连接增强。结论:T2D患 者相关脑区功能连接的改变可能与视觉相关认知功能的损伤有关,这为理解T2D患者海马体的功能提供线索。     

脑成像与脑连接

美国NIH在2009年发布了人脑连接组计划(HCP),该计划的实施将主要依赖三大关键技术:脑电与功能磁共振(fMRI)信息的融合技术、静息态fMRI技术、脑纤维束成像等脑结构分析技术.文中简要介绍了相关技术的研究现状,以及未来的主要发展方向.     

海洛因成瘾者静息状态下脑功能连接研究

目的:探讨海洛因成瘾者在静息状态下脑功能连接与正常对照的区别。方法:对16例海洛因成瘾者和16例匹配的正常对照进行静息状态下的脑功能扫描。选择杏仁核为种子区,比较两组之间脑功能连接的区别。结果:同正常对照相比,海洛因成瘾者杏仁核与左右扣带回、左右扣带回前部以及右侧Brodmann 24脑区功能连接下降。结论:这种功能连接的下降可能反映出海洛因成瘾者的杏仁核功能处于脱抑制状态,造成海洛因成瘾者犒赏、动机、记忆功能异常,从而参与了海洛因成瘾行为产生和维持。     

基于静息态功能磁共振图像的动态功能连接特征的智商预测

目的近年来越来越多的研究表明大脑不同脑区间的功能连接的动态波动具有生理意义,但关于智商(intelligence quotient,IQ)的相关研究较少。本文基于动态功能连接(dynamic functional connectivity,DFC)提取动态特征对智商进行评估,为智商预测探索新的特征参数和预测模型。方法基于97个儿童静息态功能磁共振图像(resting state functional magnetic resonance image,RS-fMRI),采用滑动窗相关计算方法构建DFC。基于DFC提取相应时域、频域特征,通过弹性网(elastic-net,E-Net)和最小角回归(least angle regression,LAR)算法建立智商回归模型进行个体智商预测,并通过置换检验验证其显著性。结果基于动态功能连接的特定频段(0.075~0.1 Hz)频域特征和波动均值特征,可以实现对智商的基本预测,且频域特征的表现优于时域特征。另外,基于LAR算法构建的预测模型的表现优于E-Net算法。结论个体脑功能连接随时间的动态波动足以预测个体智商,且特定频段的频域特征和LAR算法能够提高预测准确率,这可为个体智商评估研究和动态功能连接的应用提供新的思路。     

脑功能网络的动态相似度计算与度量EI北大核心CSCD

大脑的功能网络会随脑发育、病变、衰老等时间过程改变。现有针对个体间脑功能网络变化的差异(或相似)度量大都是用于评估网络的静态特性的,不适用于评估脑功能网络沿时间轴发生的大跨度、大规模的演变而形成的动态特性。本文提出了一种用于度量脑网络动态相似性的动态网络相似度(DNS)指标。该指标通过结合动态网络的演化和结构特征进行相似度度量。通过四组具有不同演化和结构特征(变化幅度、变化趋势、连接强度分布、连接强度跨度)的模拟动态网络验证了DNS指标的性能。此外,还使用了一组采用经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)治疗的13名中风患者之间脑功能网络的真实数据对DNS指标进行了检验,并与传统静态网络相似度方法作了比较。结果表明DNS指标与模拟动态网络的变化幅度、变化趋势、连接强度分布、连接强度跨度均显著相关。使用DNS指标,可以发现中风患者在tDCS治疗前后运动网络的动态演变具有较强相似性;而利用传统静态网络相似度则不能反映这一动态特性,所得到的患者子组间的相似度结果在治疗前与治疗后差异较大。实验结果表明,DNS指标能够较准确地反映动态网络的演化及结构特性,具有较强的鲁棒性。这一新指标克服了传统静态网络相似度度量方法缺乏总体评估时序脑功能数据能力的缺点。     

抑郁症静息态下注意网络功能连接的病例对照研究

目的:利用功能性核磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,观察静息态下抑郁症注意网络的功能连接。方法:26例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第三版)(CCMD-3)单相抑郁症诊断标准,同时符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计学手册》第四版(DSM-IV)重性抑郁诊断标准抑郁症住院患者及25名年龄、受教育年限匹配的健康对照者参与了静息态fMRI扫描。分别分析抑郁症患者前、后注意网络内区域相互之间低频fMRI信号波动的相关性,以观察抑郁症注意网络的功能连接。结果:与对照组相比,抑郁组双侧前扣带回与丘脑[左侧Z分:(0.58±0.10)vs.(0.64±0.06),P=0.012;右侧Z分:(0.53±0.13)vs.(0.61±0.13),P=0.025]、双侧基底神经节与丘脑[左侧Z分:(0.66±0.07)vs.(0.70±0.05),P=0.043,右侧Z分:(0.64±0.07)vs.(0.71±0.07),P=0.002]、左侧额叶皮层与前扣带回[Z分:(0.51±0.16)vs.(0.63±0.12),P=0.003]、左侧额叶皮层与基底神经节[Z分:(0.59±0.07)vs.(0.65±0.11),P=0.029]、右侧辅助运动区与基底神经节[Z分:(0.57±0.11)vs.(0.64±0.11),P=0.024]、右侧前扣带回与辅助运动区[Z分:(0.54±0.10)vs.(0.61±0.11),P=0.043]、右侧额叶皮层与辅助运动区的功能连接减低[Z分:(0.64±0.10)vs.(0.70±0.10),P=0.028]。结论:静息态抑郁症患者注意网络的功能连接存在异常,可能与抑郁症患者认知功能损害,尤其是注意力下降有关。     

功能磁共振成像熵连接工具箱的研制

目的:为了分析不同脑区间功能磁共振成像（fMRI）信号的效应连接状况,研制一个可计算时间序列间熵连接的工具箱。方法:在Windows环境下,MATLAB平台中编写熵连接代码,利用图形用户界面进行工具箱界面开发,通过设计控件的属性、编写回调函数及调用MATLAB内置程序计算熵连接。结果:该工具箱可实现时间序列间熵连接的计算,并可对结果进行统计分析。用户可输入已生成的脑区fMRI信号时间序列,也可以通过本工具箱生成感兴趣脑区的时间序列,进行计算熵连接。结论:该工具箱易于操作,界面友好,可极大地提高科研人员的效率。     

正常脑老化中静息态功能磁共振成像功能连接的研究进展

【摘要】静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）作为一种不需要任务刺激就能呈现功能脑影像的技术手段,在临床上被广泛应 用。基于静息态fMRI的静息态功能连接（RSFC）,作为一种重要的计算机辅助分析法,能够度量不同脑区的脑功能连接 强度,对脑老化相关的神经科学领域的研究具有重要意义。本文介绍了功能连接的基本概念,总结了近年来脑老化相关 的人脑功能连接的研究成果,最后提出了该研究领域存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

Reduced dynamic functional connectivity between salience and executive brain networks in insomnia disorder

Research into insomnia disorder has pointed to large‐scale brain network dysfunctions. Dynamic functional connectivity is instrumental to cognitive functions but has not been investigated in insomnia disorder. This study assessed between‐network functional connectivity strength and variability in patients with insomnia disorder as compared with matched controls without sleep complaints. Twelve‐minute resting‐state functional magnetic resonance images and T1‐weighed images were acquired in 65 people diagnosed with insomnia disorder (21–69 years, 48 female) and 65 matched controls without sleep complaints (22–70 years, 42 female). Pairwise correlations between the activity time series of 14 resting‐state networks and temporal variability of the correlations were compared between cases and controls. After false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons, people with insomnia disorder and controls did not differ significantly in terms of mean between‐network functional connectivity strength; people with insomnia disorder did, however, show less functional connectivity variability between the anterior salience network and the left executive‐control network. The finding suggests less flexible interactions between the networks during the resting state in people with insomnia disorder.     

基于RS-fMRI功能连接分析方法探讨腰椎间盘突出症致慢性腰腿痛脑机制的研究进展

【摘要】静息态功能磁共振成像（RS-fMRI）技术对阐释人类复杂脑网络提供了新媒介,尤其是在神经损伤脑机制分析方面取得了长足发展。腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）所致的慢性腰腿痛病变可引起大脑结构和功能的重塑。RS-fMRI技术对澄清大脑是如何参与慢性疼痛的调节机制方面发挥了重要作用,并有望为治疗LDH所致的慢性腰腿痛提供神经影像学指导。本文主要综述RS-fMRI脑功能连接分析方法在LDH所致的慢性疼痛中的最新应用进展,以期为临床治疗及研究LDH提供新思路。     

Predictors of disability in patients with chronic low back pain

IntroductionChronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common and disabling health problem. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between pain intensity, the components of catastrophizing, depression and disability in patients with chronic low back pain.Material and methodsSeventy-six patients diagnosed with CLBP (age range 25–77 years; 73.7% female) participated in the study. Participants’ socio-demographic data were collected: age, gender, height, weight, and work status (employed or retired). All participants were asked to complete the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsThe mean group scores revealed moderate CLBP complaints (VAS – 4 [3–6]), mild depression (BDI – 10 [5–16]), a moderate level of catastrophizing (PCS total score 20.5 [10–34]) and moderate disability (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] – 31 [14–38]). Positive significant correlations were found between ODI and age, residence, work status, VAS, PCS-rumination, PCS-magnification, PCS-helplessness and BDI, and also between PCS subscales and VAS. Our multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, pain intensity, PCS-helplessness and depression can predict disability in patients with CLBP, explaining 84% of the variance of disability (R² = 0.851, adjusted R² = 0.843).ConclusionsA multidisciplinary approach is needed for patients with CLBP and should include physical, mental and social evaluation in order to offer an optimal treatment.     

基于功能连接算法的斜视性弱视儿童静息态功能磁共振成像的研究

目的探索斜视性弱视儿童脑功能区及其功能连接的改变,揭示斜视性弱视的发生与脑功能改变的相关性。方法在静息态下采集22位斜视性弱视儿童和10名健康儿童脑功能磁共振图像,利用DPARSF软件计算全脑与ROI功能区的连接系数,并应用t检验对实验组和健康对照组进行组内和组间功能连接系数分析。结果发现斜视性弱视儿童部分脑功能连接低于正常对照组的相应脑区连接,这些功能区主要分布于枕叶、颞叶、小脑后叶、顶叶、额叶、扣带回等脑区。结论基于静息态的f MRI的脑功能连接算法可以反映斜视性弱视儿童视皮层的变化和多脑区神经活动的变化。     

Ultrasound evidence of altered lumbar fascia in patients with low back pain

Different hypotheses have been proposed about the role of lumbar connective tissue in low back pain (LBP). However, none of the previous studies have examined the change in the elastic behavior of lumbar fascia in patients with LBP. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the elastic behavior of lumbar fascia in patients with chronic non-specific LBP based on ultrasound imaging. The sonographic strain imaging assessed the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) of 131 human subjects (68 LBP and 63 non-LBP). Assessments were done at L2–L3 and L4–L5 levels bilaterally. The points were located 2 cm lateral to the midpoint of the interspinous ligament. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between LBP and healthy individuals. There is a strong inverse relationship between pain severity (r = −0.76, n = 68, p = 0.004) and the TLF elastic modulus coefficient. No significant relationship were observed between age (r = 0.053, n = 68, p = 0.600), BMI (r = −0.45, n = 68, p = 0.092), and gender (r = −0.09, n = 68, p = 0.231) with the TLF elasticity coefficient. The LBP group had a 25%–30% lower TLF elastic modulus coefficient than healthy individuals. The present study is the first to evaluate the elastic coefficient of TLF using the ultrasound imaging method. The study results showed that the TLF elastic coefficient in patients with LBP was reduced compared to healthy individuals and directly related to LBP severity.     

Lumbar muscularity and its relationship with age,occupation and low back pain

Summary This paper considers an internal standard of lumbar muscularity. The cross-sectional areas (A _cs) of the intervertebral disc and paraspinal muscles were measured in 147 working men from an axial magnetic resonance image passing through the L3-4 disc. Lumbar muscularity was expressed by two ratios; the ratio between the A _cs of the right psoas and the A _cs of the intervertebral disc (P:disc), and the ratio between the combined A _cs values of the right erector spinae and quadratus lumborum and the A _cs of the disc (ESQL:disc). When the subjects were divided into two age groups (76 aged 20–30 years and 71 aged 31–58 years) lumbar muscularity was found to be significantly greater (P < 0.001) in the younger age group (P:disc=0.8, SD 0.2; ESQL:disc=2.0, SD 0.3) than in the older age group (P:disc =0.7, SD 0.2; ESQL:disc=1.8, SD 0.3). Lumbar muscularity was not significantly affected by occupation or by a history of low back pain.