改良Roux—Y消化道重建术在胆道外科的应用

Roux—Y 胆肠吻合术临床应用广泛,但其中有一定的缺点,临床改复术式众多,我们在 Tomoda 改良 Roux—Y 的基础上又作了进一步的改良,经过近十年的观察96例临床效果优良。现报告如下:一般资料自1984年4月至1992年12月我们共完成改良后的 Roux—Y 胆道重建术96例,其中男性67例,女性29例。年龄3—78岁(平均43岁),术前诊断为胆总管结石53例(其中合并胆囊结石者25例),肝内结石并狭窄15例,胆总管囊肿4例,肝内胆管扩长3例,胆管下段癌及胰头癌,壶腹癌21例。手术采用胆总管空肠吻合78例,肝内胆管空肠吻合18例。选择病人为随机法。1 手术方法     

肾透明细胞癌鼻窦转移2例

例1男,73岁,因左侧面颊部疼痛隆起3个月入院。患者3个月前无明显诱因逐渐出现左侧面颊部隆起,伴有麻木疼痛、溢泪、鼻塞,无复视、发热、鼻出血等症状。自述1年前曾因"肾结石"行左肾手术,术后恢复良好。专科检查:左侧面颊部隆     

磷酸钛钾激光声带切除术不同术式的临床特点

目的　探讨支撑喉镜下磷酸钛钾 (potasiumtitaniumphosphate,KTP)激光声带切除术不同术式的选择及愈合过程中的临床特点。方法　选择 76例早期声门型喉癌行KTP激光声带切除术 ,对不同术式术后喉内结构恢复过程、音质变化等进行随访观察记录。结果　Ⅰ型术式 11例 ,3个月后恢复喉的正常结构及功能 ;Ⅱ型术式 5 0例 ,3个月后有声带样粘膜皱襞 (以下称新声带 )形成 ,基本恢复喉的结构 ;Ⅲ型术式 15例 ,6个月后多数形成粘膜隆起 ,但失去运动功能。复发时间集中在术后 2～ 4个月 ,复发率为 6 .7% ,2年及 5年生存率为 10 0 %。结论　KTP激光声带切除术疗效好 ,损伤小。Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型术式在保证根治癌肿的基础上应尽可能保留声带肌。     

岩-乳突进路切除颞骨岩部胆脂瘤

目的 评估经岩-乳突进路切除颞骨岩部胆脂瘤的临床疗效。方法4例岩骨胆脂瘤伴有中耳感染行乳突腔开放术式;2例鼓膜完整行外耳道缝合关闭术式。6例面瘫均行面神经减压术。结果6例术后随访1.5-6.5年,无一例局部复发胆脂瘤。手术后3-6月面神经功能逐渐恢复,1例面瘫恢复到正常,4例恢复到轻度,另1例恢复到轻中度,仍在随访中。结论岩骨胆脂瘤的手术进路选择应该根据病变范围和侵袭程度,乳突腔开放术式适于中耳感染的病例,术中有利于面神经全程减压,术后便于术腔清理换药;外耳道关闭术式适于非中耳感染的病例,填塞术腔,缝合外耳道,有利于预防术后感染。     

环状软骨上喉次全切除喉功能重建及疗效观察

目的探讨环状软骨上喉次全切除喉功能重建及疗效。方法回顾分析1998～2005年行环状软骨上喉次全切除并行喉功能重建18例,其中声门型癌12例,声门上型癌6例。采用环状软骨-舌骨-会厌固定术式（CHEP）11例;气管．环状软骨、舌骨会厌固定术式（TCHEP）1例;环状软骨-舌骨固定术式（CHP）6例。结果18例患者术后均拔管,拔管率100％。CHEP术式,拔管时间为14～18d,平均15d;TCHEP术式,拔管时间20d;CHP术式拔管时间18—25d,平均21d。全部病例术后恢复呼吸及发音功能,保留会厌（CHEP,TCHEP）术式,短期误咽发生率为41．6％;切除会厌的CHP术式误咽发生率为100％。按术后8周评价,保留会厌者均无误咽,而切除会厌者误咽发生率占33．3％。术后随访,3年生存率88．8％,5年生存率75％。结论根据喉癌发生的部位和累及的范围选择环状软骨上喉次全切除,采用不同术式和重建方法,既能良好地保留喉功能,又能完整地切除喉肿瘤,是值得推广的一种术式。     

鼻内镜下治疗脑脊液鼻漏及相关因素探讨

目的观察经鼻内镜行脑脊液鼻漏修补术的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科1998~2003年经鼻内镜修补脑脊液鼻漏病人34例病人的临床资料。分析鼻内镜手术的优缺点、手术适应证、手术时机和术中的注意事项。结果34例病人中,31例一次修补成功,3例经再次修补成功。随诊4个月至7年,脑脊液鼻漏未再复发,无任何并发症。结论鼻内镜下修补术可作为脑脊液鼻漏外科治疗的首选术式,其他术式可依据病情需要适当选择。     

岩-乳突进路切除颞骨岩部胆脂瘤

目的 评估经岩-乳突进路切除颞骨岩部胆脂瘤的临床疗效。方法 4例岩骨胆脂瘤伴有中耳感染行乳突腔开放术式；2例鼓膜完整行外耳道缝合关闭术式。6例面瘫均行面神经减压术。结果 6例术后随访1．5～6．5年，无一例局部复发胆脂瘤。手术后3～6月面神经功能逐渐恢复，1例面瘫恢复到正常，4例恢复到轻度，另1例恢复到轻中度，仍在随访中。结论 岩骨胆脂瘤的手术进路选择应该根据病变范围和侵袭程度，乳突腔开放术式适于中耳感染的病例，术中有利于面神经全程减压，术后便于术腔清理换药；外耳道关闭术式适于非中耳感染的病例，填塞术腔，缝合外耳道，有利于预防术后感染。     

男性甲状腺肿瘤患者行颏下联合经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术的安全性和美容效果分析

目的 分析男性患者选择颏下联合经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术(H-TOETSA)治疗甲状腺肿瘤的安全性和美容效果。方法 收集2021年9月—2022年4月诊治的55例男性甲状腺肿瘤手术患者的临床资料,其中30例选择了H-TOETSA手术方式,同期25例患者选择传统的“衣领式”颈部皮肤切开甲状腺手术。比较H-TOETSA术式和传统的“衣领式”颈部皮肤切开术式组的一般资料、临床指标(手术时间、术后引流量、术后住院天数)和并发症(喉返神经损伤、永久性甲状旁腺功能低下、手术部位感染以及颏部麻木感)的发生情况。术后1个月门诊复查时评估患者美容效果的满意度。结果 选用H-TOETSA术式组的患者与传统的“衣领式”颈部皮肤切开术式组比较,手术用时较长(153.233±40.826 vs 122.960±37.821),术后住院天数较短(2.733±0.907 vs 3.480±1.005),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后颏部麻木感未明显增加、引流量及手术并发症的发生几率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访1个月,选用H-TOETSA术式组患者的主观美容满意度显著高于传统...     

轻及中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征术式选择

目的探讨轻、中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者不同腭咽成形术(uvulopala to pharygoplasty,UPPP)术式选择与预后的关系。方法经多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG)及Muller动作纤维喉镜行上气道检查,确诊轻、中度OSAHS患者66例,阻塞平面在口咽部(Ⅱ型),行不同术式UPPP治疗一年后进行随访,比较术前及术后一年的数据,对其资料行统计学处理后进行分析。结果66例患者中,采用软腭部分切除的36例与不行软腭部分切除的30例,其睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopneaindex,AHI)有明显不同,前者明显低于后者,P<0.001;术后每小时呼吸暂停次数前者远比后者少,P<0.05。结论轻、中度OSAHS患者行UPPP治疗时,应选择行软腭部分切除术式,其术后各项指标可达正常。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔术式选择的影响因素

目的 探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔术式选择的影响因素,合理选择和实施手术方式.方法 对612例鼻中隔偏曲患者,鼻内镜下5种术式选择情况、影响因素和治疗效果等,进行对比观察.结果 黏膜下切除术122例:1例鼻中隔穿孔,2例轻度鼻梁塌陷,1例拍击样中隔;改良黏膜下切除术101例,1例鼻中隔再偏曲;矫正术117例:2例高位、1例后下矫正不彻底;成形术176例:3例中隔再偏曲,其中2例需二次手术;改良成形术96例:术后恢复良好.结论 技术、年龄、器械和设备等因素,会直接影响到鼻内镜下鼻中隔术式的选择与完善.     

内耳畸形聋儿人工耳蜗植入术常见类型及手术并发症

目的 探讨内耳畸形聋儿实施人工耳蜗植入术时常见的类型及并发症。方法 回顾性分析电子耳蜗植入术病历资料170例,对其中的32例双侧内耳畸形患者加以畸形类型及手术并发症总结。结果 ①人工耳蜗植入患儿内耳畸形所占比例(32/170,18.8%)明显高于其他文献报道;②32例内耳畸形中,大前庭导水管23例(占全部畸形数71.3%),大前庭导水管伴其他类型畸形者5例(并发Mondini畸形4例,并发外半规管未发育1例),Mondini畸形2例,Mondini畸形并发外半规管未发育前庭腔扩大1例,耳蜗CT影像疑似为“三叉”无法分类1例;③术中发生严重井喷3例(耳蜗CT影像疑似为“三叉”畸形、Mondini畸形并发外半规管未发育前庭腔扩大1例,及大前庭导水管并发Mondini畸形1例);④耳蜗影像疑似为“三叉”患者,术中发生严重井喷,电极植入困难,4个电极不能植入,术后听力未改善,半年后行对侧耳植入成功;⑤Mondini畸形并发外半规管未发育前庭腔扩大患儿术后半年并发脑脊液耳鼻漏、反复脑膜炎发作,术后1年行手术探查,后治愈。结论 ①人工耳蜗植入常见的内耳畸形包括,大前庭导水管综合征及其相伴发或单发的各类内耳畸形;②内耳畸形非人工耳蜗植入术的绝对禁忌证,但术中严重井喷多见,电极植入不完全多见,术后脑脊液耳鼻漏并发脑膜炎也多发生于畸形耳蜗,术前详细的影像学检查可以对各类畸形进行详细分类,并在术前对手术难度有充分的准备,可以减少相关并发症的发生。     

The ductal stretching technique: an endoscopic-assisted technique for removal of submandibular stones

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe an innovative surgical technique for the removal of posterior and hilar stones of the submandibular salivary duct. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2005, 172 patients who had sialolithiasis of the submandibular duct were treated primarily by transoral incision and marsupialization of the duct and salivary gland. The ductal stretching technique involved endoscopic location of the stone, incision of the oral mucosa above the duct, isolation of the duct from the surrounding tissues, stretching of the duct, ductal incision above the calculus, sialolithotomy, and insertion of a drain. RESULTS: Forty-one patients with stones located in the posterior aspect of the duct were symptom-free and stone free after the procedure. One hundred and five patients with stones located in the hilum were treated with a success rate of 98%. Twenty-six patients with multiple stones in the hilar region were treated with a success rate of 81%. The overall success rate of the procedure was 96%. In 48 patients (28%), an additional undetected stone was diagnosed by endoscopy after the removal of the stone in the hilum. In 62 patients (36%), strictures were diagnosed endoscopically posterior to the stone. Lingual nerve paresthesia occurred in one patient, who recovered completely. CONCLUSION: The ductal stretching technique is recommended as the procedure of choice in cases with posterior and hilar stones more than 5 mm in diameter to avoid surgical removal of the salivary gland.     

Minimally invasive surgery of sialolithiasis using sialendoscopy

Objective

The introduction of minimally invasive surgical procedures using sialendoscopy has significantly reduced the rate of major salivary gland removal due to sialolithiasis. The present study assessed the utility of sialendoscopy and identified potential factors influencing successful sialendoscopic salivary stone retrieval.

Methods

Medical records of sialendoscopic procedures performed at the Department of Otolaryngology of the National Defense Medical College in Japan from November 2007 to January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 78 patients diagnosed with sialolithiasis and treated with sialendoscopy (SE). Factors analyzed included stone location, size, symptom duration, surgical methods, and complications.

Results

The mean age at presentation was 41 years (range, 11–76 years) with a male-to-female gender ratio of 1:1.89. In total, 73 submandibular and 5 parotid endoscopies were performed. Stone size ranged from 2 to 20 mm in diameter. Submandibular stones were removed either by SE alone (9.6%), by transoral stone removal (19.2%), or a combined approach (57.5%). Only 13.7% (10/73) of the cases required submandibular gland removal. Stone size and shape were significant predictors for successful endoscopic stone removal, and stone size and location were significant predictors for submandibular gland removal.

Conclusion

Sialendoscopy is a reasonable, minimally invasive treatment option for sialolithiasis that avoids salivary gland removal. The present results indicate that sialendoscopy is the first treatment of choice for submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Complete surgical excision is becoming uncommon as a first-line treatment, but it remains indispensable in certain cases.     

Combined sialendoscopic/mini-preauricular microscopic approach for large proximal parotid sialolithiasis

ObjectiveTo describe and evaluate a combined approach for sialendoscopic stone localization with microscopic mini-preauricular incision external stone extraction as a gland-sparing minimally invasive surgical management in cases of large proximal duct or intraparenchymal parotid gland sialolithiasis.MethodsA retrospective chart review of a single primary surgeon's patient series of 21 cases operated in a 5-year period in a tertiary care university and private practice hospitals.ResultsStudy included 16 males and five females, with age range 12–68 years (mean 40.9 ± 14.5). Nineteen out of the 21 patients had their stones completely removed (90.5%), with two not completing the procedure due to inability of intraoperative endoscopic stone visualization. In total 25 stones were extracted with six patients having two stones. Longest diameter of single (or first) stone was 5–16 mm (mean 9.1 ± 2.9) and second was 3–5 mm (mean, 3.9 ± 0.6). Endoscopic findings showed 14/25 stones in the proximal main parotid duct and 11/25 in one of its secondary parenchymal branches. Stents were used in 4/19 cases (21.1%). No major complications occurred. Minor complications included two postoperative conservatively managed seromas. All 19 cases had completely intact facial nerve function, good parotid salivary flow and acceptable esthetic result after median follow-up period of 26 months (range 6–62).ConclusionThe combined sialendoscopic/microscopic mini-preauricular approach is a highly effective and safe gland-preserving method for large proximal parotid sialolithiasis management with a main limitation being inability to visualize the stone endoscopically.     

Rapid recurrent sialolithiasis: Altered stone composition and potential factors for recurrence

The objective of this report was to identify potential factors associated with recurrent sialolithiasis after surgical intervention. This is a report of a woman with recurrent submandibular sialolithiasis after surgical intervention. Several characteristics of this patient indicate that she may have been predisposed to recurrent stone formation. Patient and disease factors leading to recurrent salivary stone formation are not well known. Notwithstanding, there may be stone factors and intraoperative findings that aid in determining whether a patient is likely to be successfully treated with a gland‐sparing approach. Laryngoscope , 127:1365–1368, 2017     

内镜下经鼻-蝶入路垂体腺瘤术后并发鼻窦炎的防治

目的:探讨内镜下经鼻-蝶入路垂体腺瘤术后并发鼻窦炎的原因及防治措施。方法:总结187例行内镜下经鼻-蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术患者术后并发鼻窦炎的情况。结果:187例患者中术后发生鼻窦炎12例(6.4%),其中蝶窦炎9例(4.8%),筛窦炎2例(1.1%),上颌窦炎1例(0.5%)。10例经门诊非手术治疗治愈;2例保守治疗无效,再次行鼻内镜下鼻窦手术后治愈。结论:内镜下经鼻-蝶入路可以迅捷到达蝶鞍区,安全有效地切除垂体腺瘤;及时确诊鼻窦炎并加强围手术期处理,可以明显减少此并发症的发生,从而提高患者的治愈率及生存质量。     

2种手术方法治疗伴鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎的疗效分析

目的：观察2种手术方法治疗伴鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎的疗效及应用价值。方法：将87例伴鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎患者根据下鼻甲黏膜肥厚及骨增生情况分为2组,分别行鼻中隔偏曲矫正联合双下鼻甲低温等离子射频消融并骨折外移术、鼻中隔偏曲矫正联合双下鼻甲骨黏膜下部分切除术,疗效采用2004兰州标准和鼻阻力测量值进行评价。结果：术后随访1年,患者鼻阻力较术前明显改善,2组症状改善的总有效率均大于88%。结论：2种手术方法均显著降低了患者的鼻阻力,改善了过敏性症状,效果良好。     

Cervicothoracic angiomyolipoma: an unusual tumor located at a site difficult to reach for surgery

Angiomyolipoma is an uncommon hamartomatous renal tumor very prone to spontaneous bleeding. However it is possible to find it in extrarenal sites, being the liver the most frequent one. The rest of sites recorded in literature are exceptional. In fact, to our knowledge, this is the first case reported of cervicothoracic settlement of an angiomyolipoma. This rare location, together with its marked tendency to bleed bleeding determinate a complicated diagnoses a difficult surgical approach.     

腮腺肿瘤手术57例临床体会

目的探讨腮腺肿瘤手术方式、手术范围与治疗效果的关系。方法对1997～2003年间面神经解剖行腮腺肿瘤切除术57例(腮腺浅叶切除术51例，全腮腺切除术6例，1例行功能性颈淋巴结清扫术，术后加放疗4例)的临床随访资料进行分析。结果腮腺浅叶切除术51例中，并发暂时性面瘫5例，持续性面瘫1例，全腮腺切除6例中，并发暂时性面瘫2例，持续性面瘫2例，无腮腺瘘及Frey综合征，随访6月～7年无复发。结论腮腺良性肿瘤应施行解剖面神经的腮腺浅叶及肿瘤切除，恶性肿瘤在面神经尚未累及时行保留面神经的腮腺广泛切除，术后辅以放疗，可以减少肿瘤复发和面瘫等并发症的发生。     

Computed tomographic versus surgical findings in complicated acute otomastoiditis

Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in planning surgery in cases of complicated middle ear infection. The purpose of this study was to determine, by comparison of radiologic and surgical findings, the diagnostic value of CT in complicated acute otomastoiditis. The study group consisted of 37 patients without a history of chronic ear disease. In this study, CT enabled correct diagnosis of 26 of 27 cases (96%) of subperiosteal abscess, 17 of 18 cases (94%) of mastoid cortex erosion in patients with subperiosteal abscess, and several intracranial complications, including epidural abscess, subdural empyema, and perisinus abscess. The CT scan produced overdiagnosis in some cases: sigmoid sinus thrombosis in 1 patient, mastoid cortex erosion in 2 children with subperiosteal abscess, and bone erosion toward the posterior cranial fossa in 1 patient with meningitis. My findings suggest that subperiosteal abscess is a disease of young children; however, when it develops in an older child, cholesteatoma should be suspected. Furthermore, acute mastoiditis complicated with facial nerve paralysis may be associated with cholesteatoma in 66% of cases. My experience showed that CT had a sensitivity of 97% and a positive predictive value of 94% in the diagnosis of complicated acute otomastoiditis.