Percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of distal radius fractures

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the results of closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of distal radial fractures with standard 4.0-mm cannulated screw.

Methods

We collected prospective outcomes data for 20 patients between 18 and 60?years of age (mean 39) with acute, displaced, extraarticular and unstable fractures of the distal radius treated with closed reduction, percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and early mobilization. The visits at months 2, 6 and 12 were specified as index follow-up visits and assessments of motion, grip strength and standard radiographs were performed. The Gartland Werley functional scores and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores were recorded.

Results

Mean values of flexion, extension, pronation and supination on the injured side were up to 70?% of those on the uninjured side at 2?months postoperatively. By 12?months, range of motion values on the injured side showed continuous and significant improvement and flexion, extension, pronation, supination and ulnar deviation reached up to 90?% of those on the uninjured side. A large and significant improvement was seen from 2 to 6?months in the QuickDASH score. A smaller improvement was seen from 6 to 12?months, which was judged not to be significant. Radiographic values were close to anatomic parameters, and the alignment was maintained at 12?months follow-up. No complications occurred.

Conclusions

Cannulated screw fixation appears to be an effective means of allowing immediate range of motion of the wrist, resulting in a rapid and comfortable functional recovery while maintaining alignment to bone healing.     

锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的研究锁定加压钢板治疗累及桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的效果。方法26例桡骨远端骨折,平均年龄61岁。按照AO骨折分型C1型8例;C2型12例;C3型6例。其中2例为开放性骨折,另2例分别合并肩与肘关节脱位。均采用掌侧入路,T型锁定钢板固定。结果26例术后随访6~20个月,平均8个月。骨折平均愈合时间为8周(6~12周)。腕关节活动度平均为掌屈40°,背伸45°,尺偏30°,桡偏20°,旋前70°,旋后65°。最近1次随访X线片与术前相比,桡骨茎突平均长度自术前6(-10~10)mm增加至11(8~14)mm。平均掌倾角自术前-15°(-40°~10°)增加至8°(-5°~15°)。平均尺偏角从12°(-5°~20°)增加至20°(10°~25°)。关节面骨折块平均间距从6(1~18)mm减少至0(0~3)mm。术侧握力为健侧的78%(55%~100%)。根据Gartland与Werley评分标准,优7例,良12例,一般5例,差2例。结论对于累及关节面的粉碎性桡骨远端骨折,T型锁定钢板可以较好地维持骨折复位,允许术后早期功能锻炼,并可获得满意的腕关节功能。     

撬拨复位拉力螺钉内固定与小切口复位接骨板内固定治疗跟骨骨折的病例对照研究

目的:比较单纯撬拨复位拉力螺钉内固定与小切口复位接骨板内固定治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月收治的88例(98足)跟骨骨折患者的临床资料。根据骨折分型及治疗方法不同分为撬拨复位拉力螺钉内固定术组(A组)50例,男32例,女18例;年龄(32.6±6.7)岁;SandersⅡ-Ⅲ型30例,SandersⅣ型20例。小切口复位接骨板内固定术组(B组)48例,男30例,女18例;年龄(31.9±7.2)岁;SandersⅡ-Ⅲ型28例,SandersⅣ型20例。分别于术前、术后1个月及1年比较两组患者的B觟hler角、Gissane角及AOFAS评分以评价其临床疗效。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间13～24(14.6±6.3)个月。术后两组B觟hler角、Gissane角及AOFAS评分均得到不同程度改善。对于SandersⅡ-Ⅲ型患者,两组术前、术后1个月及1年B觟hler角、Gissane角比较差异无统计学意义;术后1年AOFAS评分比较差异无统计学意义。对于SandersⅣ型患者,B组术后1个月、1年时B觟hler角[(35.40±1.85)°、(35.15±1.90)°]和Gissane角[(127.80±5.49)°、(127.00±3.06)°]高于A组B觟hler角[(27.85±3.42)°、(27.25±1.80)°]和Gissane角[(118.00±4.13)°、(117.50±5.04)°](P0.05);两组术后1个月、1年时B觟hler角、Gissane角均较术前提高(P0.05); B组术后1年AOFAS评分91.00±5.46高于A组84.50±4.64(P0.05)。结论:对于SandersⅡ-Ⅲ型中度跟骨骨折,两种治疗方法疗效相当;但对于SandersⅣ型重度跟骨骨折,与撬拨复位拉力螺钉内固定术相比,小切口复位接骨板内固定术可获得更好的复位和可靠固定,改善患足功能。     

掌侧锁定钢板治疗Buttazzoni B2型桡骨远端骨折

[目的]探讨掌侧锁定钢板治疗Buttazzoni B2型桡骨远端骨折的疗效。[方法]采用掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗Buttazzoni B2型桡骨远端骨折患者127例(青年组28例,中年组36例,老年组63例),随访并动态测量掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨茎突高度、尺骨变异等影像学指标的变化,以评估骨折再移位的情况。术后12个月行腕关节功能评分(DASH评分和Gartland和Werley评分)。[结果]术后第12个月随访测量的尺偏角、掌倾角、尺骨变异和桡骨茎突高度分别为(21.20±3.50)°、(4.97±7.54)°、(0.33±1.14)mm和(12.71±3.85)mm,相较于术后24 h测量的影像学指标差异无统计学意义。桡骨茎突高度:老年组患者短缩值高于中、青年组患者(P=0.044和P=0.049)。DASH评分平均12.2分,各年龄组间差异无统计学意义,Gartland和Werley评分均达到优(74例)或良(53例)。[结论]掌侧锁定钢板可以为Buttazzoni B2型桡骨远端骨折提供良好的稳定性,并获得满意的功能预后。     

手法间接复位掌侧锁定板固定治疗桡骨远端C3型骨折

目的 ：探讨手法间接复位后AO 2.4 mm桡骨远端锁定板联合经皮穿针固定治疗C3型（AO/OTA分型）桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效及操作技巧。方法：自2009年5月至2012年3月采用手法间接复位AO 2.4 mm桡骨远端掌侧锁定板联合经皮穿针固定治疗桡骨远端骨折AO/OTA分型C3型患者19例21腕（双侧2例）。年龄31~66岁,平均（45.3±17.4）岁;并发尺骨茎突骨折14腕,下尺桡关节不稳6腕;均为闭合性骨折;发病时间4.5~9 d,平均（6.7±3.5）d。采用Henry切口显露骨折部位,保留关节囊、韧带连续性,手法间接复位,C形臂X线透视关节面复位情况,仍存在塌陷者予以撬拨复位后桡骨远端掌侧锁定板固定。下尺桡关节发现不稳定和并发尺骨茎突骨折者均予前臂旋后位石膏托固定6周。结果：19例（21腕）获得随访,时间7~17个月,平均10.5个月。X线示患者桡骨远端骨折均达到骨性愈合,尺骨茎突骨折未愈合3例,下尺桡关节不稳0例,1例出现背侧伸肌腱激惹,内固定取出后激惹消除。术后随访观测患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨茎突高度、关节面和下尺桡关节情况,按照Batra和Gupta评分标准行影像学评定：70分以下3腕,70~79分5腕,80分以上13腕。同时对患者进行主观和客观疗效评定,观测残留畸形和腕关节活动度、并发症情况等,根据Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley评分系统评定术后疗效：优17腕,良3腕,可1腕。结论：AO/OTA分型C3型桡骨远端骨折手法间接复位可获得良好复位效果,应用锁定板联合穿针可为其提供内固定架支撑式固定以满足早期功能锻炼要求,患腕功能预后良好。     

Complication rates and reduction potential of palmar versus dorsal locking plate osteosynthesis for the treatment of distal radius fractures

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the complication rates of volar versus dorsal locking plates and postoperative reduction potential after distal radius fractures.

Materials and methods

For this study 285 distal radius fractures (280 patients/59.4 % female) treated with locked plating were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 54.6 years (SD 17.4) and the mean follow-up was 33.2 months (SD 17.2). The palmar approach was used in 225 cases and the dorsal approach in 60 cases (95 % type C fractures).

Results

Adequate reduction was achieved with both approaches, regardless of fracture severity. In the dorsal group, the complications and implant removal rates were significantly higher and the operative time was also longer.

Conclusions

Based on these facts, we advocate the palmar locking plate for the vast majority of fractures. In cases of complex multifragmentary articular fractures where no compromise in reduction is acceptable, and with the biomechanical equality of palmar and dorsal plating remaining unproven, dorsal plating may still be considered.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic level IV.     

A short term functional outcome study comparing closed reduction percutaneous wire fixation with open reduction internal fixation for fractures of the distal radius: a pilot study

Background  The best treatment for dorsally displaced distal radius fracture is still debated. The aim of our study is to use the patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) and Euroqol functional outcome scores to look at patients’ function for a minimum of 1 year from the fracture. This is our pilot study to inform a multinational randomized controlled trial (RCT). Method  32 consecutive patients with a Colles-type fracture were treated surgically. 16 were treated with K wires and 16 underwent an open reduction and internal fixation. At a minimum of 1 year follow up, the PRWE and Euroqol questionnaires were filled in. Results  Intra articular and extra articular fractures were equally distributed between the two groups. The Euroqol, the EQVAS and PRWE scores showed no statistical difference between the two groups (respectively p = 0.7, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.17; p = 0.05, CI −30 to 0.6 and p = 0.5, 95% CI −18 to 9.4). Conclusion  Using PRWE and Euroqol, there is no short term functional difference between patients treated with closed reduction and percutaneous wire fixation or open reduction and internal fixation following a distal radius fracture. Based on these results we have achieved our sample size calculation for the multinational RCT.     

Open reduction and internal fixation of intra articular and unstable fractures of the distal radius using the AO distal radius plate

This study reports the results of open reduction and internal fixation of 25 dorsally displaced distal radial fractures using a specifically designed plate for the distal radius, the AO pi plate (Synthes Ltd, Paoli, USA). Twenty-one of these fractures were complex and intra-articular (AO Type 'C'). Measurement of range of motion of the affected wrist at an average follow-up of 16 months revealed a median return of 60 degrees of wrist extension, 40 degrees of wrist flexion, 90 degrees of pronation and 90 degrees of supination. Radiographic assessment revealed restoration of normal radial length, inclination and palmar tilt in all but six cases. The final outcome, as assessed by the Gartland and Werley scale, was excellent in four cases, good in 11, and fair in ten cases. Complications were seen in five patients.     

桡骨远端关节内简单骨折非手术与切开复位内固定治疗的比较

目的比较桡骨远端关节内简单骨折采用闭合复位石膏外固定(CRPF)和切开复位内固定(ORIF)治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-10—2013-10采用闭合复位石膏外固定及切开复位内固定治疗56例桡骨远端关节内简单骨折的临床资料。对以下指标进行比较:腕关节活动度、影像学测量数值、腕关节患者自行评估(Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation,PRWE)评分、并发症和再手术情况。结果所有骨折均愈合,ORIF组平均愈合时间稍长。CRPF组有2例因合并关节下粉碎性骨折导致复位不理想改行切开复位内固定治疗。CRPF组有个别患者的桡骨高度、掌倾角有丢失,但2组的PRWE评分、影像学及功能结果、并发症情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2种方法对于单纯桡骨远端关节内简单骨折的远期效果均良好,但合并关节面下粉碎性骨折的患者,ORIF的疗效更佳。     

闭合复位与切开复位解剖锁定板治疗胫骨远端骨折疗效比较

目的 比较闭合复位与切开复位解剖锁定板（LCP）固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 将92例胫骨远端骨折患者随机分为闭合复位（A组）和切开复位（B组）各46例,分别采用闭合复位经皮微创内或外侧解剖LCP固定治疗和切开复位LCP固定治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、下地时间.采用Tornetta标准对术后疗效进行评估.结果 A组在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、下地时间及疗效满意度方面均优于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）.结论 闭合复位经皮微创治疗胫骨远端骨折创伤小,利于骨折愈合,可早期功能锻炼,疗效较切开复位解剖LCP固定治疗胫骨远端骨折好.     

闭合复位MIPPO技术结合锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨闭合复位MIPPO技术结合锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效。方法采用闭合复位经皮锁定加压钢板治疗57例胫骨远端骨折患者。结果患者均获得随访,时间10~12个月。患者骨折均愈合,时间3~10个月。无感染、螺钉松动、骨折不愈合及畸形愈合等并发症。疗效按Mazuretal评定方法评价:优35例,良21例,可1例。结论 MIPPO技术结合锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折固定可靠,切口小,愈合良好,术后恢复快,可早期功能锻炼,临床疗效满意。     

桡骨远端B型骨折

目的：探讨桡骨远端B型骨折腕关节镜直视下复位后予Herbert螺钉固定治疗的临床疗效。方法：2013年6月至2015年7月,采用腕关节镜直视下手法复位及撬拨复位Herbert螺钉固定同时修复关节内软组织损伤的方法治疗桡骨远端患者28例,男15例,女13例;年龄17～69岁,平均45.3岁;病程为伤后4～7d。受伤后患者具有典型桡骨远端骨折体征,X线片及CT明确诊断,并确定不合并其余部位骨折及神经血管损伤,不合并严重内科疾病,无手术禁忌证。按AO/OTA分型：B1型8例,B2型7例,B3型13例。随访观察骨折愈合情况及腕关节功能恢复情况,并评定疗效。结果：全部患者无手术并发症发生,28例桡骨远端B型骨折术后均获随访,平均随访时间（12.1±1.4）个月,骨折全部愈合,测量掌倾角（15.2±3.4）°,尺偏角（20.4±6.4）°。根据Cooney腕关节评分量表评估疗效,优21例,良5例,可2例。术中关节镜检合并舟月韧带撕裂3例,合并月三角韧带撕裂1例,合并TFCC损伤16例。结论：腕关节镜辅助下复位Herbert螺钉固定治疗桡骨远端B型骨折可使关节面平整度最大程度恢复,应用Herbert螺钉固定创伤小,术后恢复时间短,减少骨折后创伤性关节炎的发病,同时可对骨折合并关节内韧带及软骨损伤一并修复恢复关节稳定性,降低腕关节慢性疼痛的发生率。     

Henry入路掌侧解剖锁定钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨Henry入路掌侧解剖锁定钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的临床效果。方法自2010—03—2013-05采用Henry入路掌侧解剖锁定钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折73例,根据AO／ASIF分型：C1型骨折35例,C2型骨折26例,C3型骨折12例。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间10～18个月,平均12．9个月。所有骨折均达到骨性愈合,无感染、背侧肌腱激惹症状、腕管综合征、内固定失效等并发症发生。根据Dienst关节功能评估标准：优37例,良30例,可6例,优良率为91．8％;按照改良的McBride评分腕关节评估标准评定：优35例,良31例,可7例,优良率90．4％。结论Henry入路掌侧解剖锁定钛板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折,骨折复位固定满意,术后并发症少,有利于早期功能锻炼,值得临床推广。     

AO新型锁定内固定系统治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折的疗效观察

目的 探讨AO新型2.4 mm锁定内固定系统治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效.方法 2007年5月至2008年10月,应用AO 2.4 mm锁定内固定系统治疗115例(120侧)小稳定型桡骨远端骨折患者,其中5例为双侧骨折.骨折按AO分型:A型35侧(A2型7侧,A3型28侧),B型15侧(B1型3侧,B2型8侧,B3型4侧),C型70侧(C1型42侧,C2型20侧,C3型8侧).开放伤110例,按Gustilo-Anderson分型:Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型4例.采用单纯掌侧锁定加压钢板(LCP)固定78侧,单纯背侧LCP固定16侧,背侧加桡背侧联合固定26侧.结果 98例患者获得随访,其中3例为双侧骨折患者,随访率为84.2%.随访时间为6～15个月,平均8个月.X线片示所有患者骨折均达到骨性愈合,无术后感染、内固定松动、背侧肌腱激惹、正中神经刺激症状发生.患者腕关节活动度平均为背伸54°,掌屈58°,旋前72°,旋后760°.根据Sarmiento改良的Garland & Werley评分方法评定疗效:优55侧,良32侧,可14侧,优良率为86.1%.结论 AO 2.4 mm锁定内固定系统可为多种类型的桡骨远端骨折提供个体化的内固定选择,且骨折复位、固定满意,患者腕关节功能预后良好.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the clinical outcome of AO 2.4 mm locking plate system used for unstable distal radius fractures. Methods From May 2007 to October 2008, 115 patients (5 cases of both sides) with unstable distal radius fractures were managed by AO 2.4 mm locking plate system. There were 35 fractures of type A, 15 type B and 70 type C according to AO classification. Of them, 10 fractures were open, with 6 of type 1 and 4 of type 2, according to Gustilo-Anderson Classification. Volar plating was conducted in 78 cases, dorsal plating in 16 cases and dorsal + radial plating in 26 cases. Results Ninety-eight patients (3 cases of both sides) were followed up for an average of 8 (range, 6 to 15) months. The follow-up rate was 84.2%. Radiographic bone union was achieved in all cases without infection, implant loosening, or tendon and median nerve irritations. The average ROM was 54°, 58°, 72°, and 76° for dorsi-extension, palmer flexion, pronation and supination respectively. According to Gartland & Werley Scores modified by Sarmiento, there were 55 excellent cases, 32 good and 14 fair, with an excellent to good rate of 86.1%. Conclusion AO 2.4 mm locking plate system can offer individualized fixation regimen for unstable distal ra-dius fractures, leading to satisfactory fracture reduction and fixation with predictable clinical outcomes.