气道Y型单子弹头一体化自膨式金属覆膜支架治疗右主支气管残端瘘17例分析

目的 探讨气道Y型单子弹头一体化自膨式金属覆膜支架(简称Y型单子弹头覆膜支架)置入治疗右主支气管残端瘘(也称支气管胸膜瘘)的可行性和疗效.方法 根据右主支气管残端瘘残留段支气管较短的特殊解剖结构与病变特点,设计出气道Y型单子弹头覆膜支架.X线监视下,对17例患者置入17枚Y型单子弹头覆膜支架.结果 气道支架均一次性置入成功,17例患者瘘口支架置入后均获得完全封堵,随访1 ～ 34个月.2例术后1～2周内死于顽固性肺部感染和全身衰竭;5例瘘口愈合;10例右胸膜残腔较术前明显缩小,其中2例拔出胸腔引流管,8例带胸膜腔外引流管生存至今.结论 气道Y型单子弹头覆膜支架能够完全封堵右主支气管残端瘘,技术可行,近期疗效可靠,值得进一步推广应用.     

全麻下单导丝引导Y型气道支架置入术治疗复杂气管疾病6例

目的：探讨在全身麻醉下采用单导丝引导Y型气道支架置入的方法和临床应用。方法接受气道Y型支架治疗复杂气管疾病患者6例,其中气管胸膜瘘1例,食管－气管瘘2例,气道复合型狭窄3例。全身麻醉后在DSA监视下对6例患者置入气道Y型支架。结果6例患者共置入Y型气道支架6枚,均为单导丝引导置入,其中1例支架右侧分支误入右肺上叶支气管内,余5例支架置入均一次获得成功。结论全麻下Y型气道支架置入术能有效封堵支气管残端胸膜瘘、左主支气管食管瘘,能快速有效解除气管隆突区复合性气道狭窄,近期疗效显著,手术安全、可靠,单导丝引导置入技术操作相对于双导丝引导置入技术操作简单、快速有效、值得推广应用。     

双倒Y型气道覆膜内支架治疗胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘的疗效观察

目的：评估双倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架置入治疗胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘的疗效。方法回顾性分析15例胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘,所有患者均因食管癌行食管切除并胸腔胃食管吻合,术后有放射治疗史,瘘口均临近右上叶支气管开口。根据患者气管支气管正常管径的直径和长度,个体化设计出大小2枚倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架,并于 X 线透视下置入支架,观察患者瘘口封堵情况,临床症状改善情况。结果所有胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘患者行双倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架置入治疗,操作均一次性成功,瘘口封堵完全,能顺利进食,卧位呛咳症状消失,未出现气道出血、气胸等并发症。结论双倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架置入治疗胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘技术可行,疗效肯定。     

金属内支架治疗恶性气道狭窄和胸腔胃-支气管瘘及支气管残端瘘

目的 探讨不同规格的金属内支架治疗严重气管狭窄和胸腔胃-气道瘘及肺叶切除术后支气管残端瘘的疗效.方法 根据影像资料显示气管、支气管狭窄段位置、长度,瘘口位置、大小、范围及程度,设计镍钛记忆合金丝编织型管状裸支架或覆膜支架,治疗气管狭窄26例;气管-支气管分叉状裸支架治疗气管-支气管复合狭窄8例;气管-支气管分叉状覆膜支架治疗胸腔胃-右支气管瘘5例,支气管残端瘘4例.支架均在DSA监视下经口腔置入病变部位.结果 43例共用镍钛记忆合金网状管状裸支架24枚,覆膜支架7枚(5例支架置入后再狭窄,重新置入覆膜支架).17枚气管-支气管分叉型支架,其中9枚覆膜.支架置入后呼吸困难、憋喘及呛咳等症状即刻缓解,碘水造影显示瘘口完全封堵,无对比剂溢出.症状改善率为100%.结论 依据影像资料选择记忆合金网状内支架治疗严重气管狭窄、胸腔胃-气道瘘、支气管残端瘘,能迅即解除呼吸困难和封堵瘘口,疗效可靠,值得临床推广应用.     

韩氏支架封堵支气管残端瘘的治疗与护理

目的:探讨韩氏支架封堵支气管残端瘘临床疗效及护理体会。方法:自2003年4月~2005年1月,对10例(7男,3女,年龄37~73岁,平均54.5岁)支气管残端瘘患者进行回顾性分析。经螺旋CT和支气管镜证实5例位于左支气管,5例位于右支气管。选择韩氏封堵支架在透视下行支气管残端瘘内支架封堵治疗。结果:本组中9例成功地置入了支气管残端瘘封堵内支架,成功率90.0%(9/10),未发生与手术有关的并发症,即刻造影复查9例瘘口完全封堵。1例由于术中发现支架不合适,在等待二次置入支架过程中突发心律失常并心衰而死亡。术后随访30天,7例患者瘘口闭合,临床症状减轻,脓腔缩小,引流量减少,身体逐渐恢复,3例在引流15~28天后治愈而拔除引流管。随访3~15个月,9例完全治愈,1例在支架置入4个月后由于全身化疗引发剧烈呕吐而导致支架上移而使瘘口复发,遂接受外科胸膜修补术,1例部分治愈,1例结核患者无明显改变。结论:韩氏封堵支架封堵支气管残端瘘具有简单、安全、创伤小、花费低、可重复性、疼痛小、恢复快的优点,适用于全肺切除或肺叶切除术后并发支气管残端瘘的患者,特别适用于那些外科顽固性的和难治性的支气管残端瘘患者,更适用于全身体质差、外科手术风险大和不能耐受全麻者,因而避免了侵袭性外科治疗。内支架置入是瘘口愈合的基础,精心细致的护理是瘘口愈合、脓腔消失的保证,医生和护士默契配合是瘘口痊愈的关键。     

一体化覆膜气管支架治疗支气管胸膜瘘8例

目的 评价一体化自膨式金属覆膜气管支架在支气管胸膜瘘治疗中的应用价值.方法 对8例一侧肺叶切除术后支气管胸膜瘘的患者在X线监视下行一体化自膨式金属覆膜气管支架置入术,覆膜气管支架为一体化L型或Y型一侧带膜.结果 8例支架均一次性置入成功,7例术后经胸腔冲洗后随访1年均无复发;2例脓胸行右肺全切术后支气管残端瘘支架3个月后取出,1例随访半年时支架断裂部分随咳嗽咯出,病情复发.结论 一体化自膨式金属覆膜气管支架在一侧肺叶切除术后的支气管胸膜瘘治疗中是一种简便、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

组合式双“Y”形覆膜支架治疗右主支气管胸膜巨大瘘1例

临床资料 患者,男,46岁.病理确诊为食管中段低分化鳞状细胞癌.行食管癌切除、胃食管弓上吻合术.术后患者呼吸困难,气胸形成,诊断右主支气管胸膜瘘.术后第4天再行右主支气管漏修补+大网膜填充术.术后12 d,患者胃管、胸腔引流管持续引流出胸腔积液及气体,诊断为:再发右主支气管胸膜瘘合并食管吻合口瘘.患者已不能耐受外科手术.拟行组合式双“Y”形气管覆膜支架植入瘘口封堵术.     

放射性胸腔胃-气道瘘的影像学诊断与介入治疗

目的：探讨放射性胸腔胃-道瘘的影像学特征及其介入治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析7例具有完整临床资料的胸腔胃-气道瘘的口服碘水造影及CT表现；X线监视下，5枚长管状、4枚气管-主支气管分支型覆膜内支架置人气道封堵瘘口。结果：口服碘水造影显示胸腔胃-气管瘘3例，胸腔胃-隆突瘘1例。胸腔胃-左主支气管瘘2例，胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘1例；cr检查详细观察胸部情况，了解瘘与临近结构的详细解剖，测量气管／支气管内径。气道覆膜内支架置人气道完全封堵了瘘口，即刻消除呛咳症状，有效控制肺部感染。患者生活质量得以提高。结论：根据口服碘水造影和螺旋CT象，结合病史可以诊断放射性胸腔胃-气道瘘；置人气道覆膜内支架封堵瘘口操作简单、安全、近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

倒Y型气道支架置入治疗复合气道病变

目的 探讨倒Y型一体化气道金属支架置入在气管下段、气管隆突和双主支气管复合病变(狭窄和瘘)中的应用.方法 根据气道复合病变的特殊解剖结构,设计倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架.在X线监视下,12例气道复合病变患者置入倒Y型一体化自膨胀式金属内支架12枚.结果 所有患者置入倒Y型金属气道支架均一次成功,12例患者置入内支架...     

气管-主支气管覆膜分支状内支架的设计及初步应用

目的 设计治疗胸腔胃-主支气管瘘和主支气管狭窄的气管-主支气管覆膜分支状内支架。方法根据胸腔胃-主支气管瘘和主支气管狭窄的特殊解剖结构和病变特点，设计气管内主支架部分性覆膜、主支气管内分支支架全覆膜的分支状内支架。X线监视下，1例胸腔胃-隆突瘘、1例胸腔胃-左主支气管瘘、1例胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘、1例左主支气管结核性瘢痕狭窄共置入5枚支架。结果内支架一次性置入成功，3例胸腔胃-气道瘘完全封闭，即刻消除了呛咳症状，有效控制肺部感染，改善了呼吸状况。1例左主支气管狭窄支架植入24d后取出，狭窄段恢复正常。结论 气管-主支气管覆膜分支状内支架能有效封堵胸腔胃-气道瘘和治疗主支气管良恶性狭窄，操作简单、安全、近期疗效可靠。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.