KIF14在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

KIF14作为驱动蛋白超家族(KIFS)中的成员,通过调节有丝分裂纺锤体的形成、染色体的分离和胞质分裂的完成,从而促进肿瘤的发生和发展.KIF14的异常已经在人类多种恶性肿瘤中得到证实,其作用的增强可影响有丝分裂的进程而导致肿瘤的发生;其作用降低可导致Akt激酶失活,从而降低细胞的迁移,促进细胞的凋亡.此外,KIF14的缺失也可增强肿瘤对化疗的敏感性.综上所述,KIF14在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起到了重要作用,本文就KIF14与恶性肿瘤的关系做一综述.     

KIF4A与肿瘤关系的研究进展

有丝分裂是细胞增殖的主要方式,并由多个基因共同调控完成。而这些调控基因的失衡可导致染色体非整倍性及肿瘤的形成。KIF4A是新近发现的驱动蛋白家族成员之一,其在染色体的浓缩与分离、纺锤体的形成及细胞质的分裂中发挥着重要作用。其作用的增强可引起有丝分裂活跃而导致细胞过度增殖,而其作用减低又可引起染色体不分离、染色体非整倍性和多倍体的形成,进一步导致肿瘤的形成。KIF4A在不同肿瘤中的表达及其与临床病理参数之间的关系具有差异性。通过探讨KIF4A与肿瘤之间的关系可为肿瘤早期诊断、治疗和预后评估提供帮助。     

细胞周期蛋白E1与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展

细胞周期蛋白E1（Cyclin E1），是由CCNE1基因编码的一种核蛋白，在细胞周期中表现为循环式的表达，在整个细胞周期进程中发挥至关重要的作用。该蛋白通过激活细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2（CDK2）并与之形成复合物，促进细胞通过细胞周期G1/S期限制点，发挥调控真核细胞有丝分裂的作用。正常情况下，Cyclin E1在细胞周期中有序的进行表达和降解。但在异常情况下，Cyclin E1在细胞周期中无序的不稳定表达可导致细胞周期失调控，干扰细胞的有丝分裂，进一步导致细胞染色体的不稳定性，促进肿瘤的发生。近期有研究表明Cyclin E1异常表达参与肿瘤治疗过程中肿瘤细胞对化疗药物产生的抵抗，并与喉癌、胃癌和肝癌等多种肿瘤的发生和发展相关。本文就细胞周期蛋白与恶性肿瘤的关系概况作一综述。     

KIF11在肿瘤形成中作用机制及靶向治疗的研究进展

驱动蛋白超家族成员11(kinesin family member 11,KIF11)即驱动蛋白Eg5(kinesin-5)基因编码的纺锤体运动蛋白,是细胞分裂驱动蛋白家族的成员之一,在细胞分裂过程中参与双极有丝分裂纺锤体的形成。研究发现这类运动蛋白广泛表达,在细胞分裂和细胞内运输中发挥重要作用,这类微管相关驱动蛋白,由于其在细胞分裂中的重要生物学功能,其与肿瘤的形成关系密切,是多种恶性肿瘤的预后因子。因此KIF11也成为肿瘤靶向治疗的新靶点。本文总结了近年来对KIF11的研究进展,重点综述其结构、生物学功能与肿瘤的关系及靶向治疗。     

中心体蛋白的肿瘤学应用研究进展

近年来中心体蛋白(ninein-like protein,Nlp)与肿瘤发生发展与治疗的相关研究已成为热点,其过度表达与细胞有丝分裂不稳定相关,且研究发现其在肿瘤中过度表达是化疗耐药的一个重要因素。Nlp为肿瘤基础研究与临床应用提供了新视角,其可能成为肿瘤早期诊断和药物治疗的重要分子靶点。     

KIF14对肺腺癌A549细胞生物学功能的影响

目的:探讨驱动蛋白超家族蛋白14(KIF14)在肺腺癌(LUAD)中的表达情况及对LUAD细胞生物学功能的影响。方法:通过TCGA、GEO数据库分析KIF14 mRNA在LUAD中表达情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析KIF14表达与患者预后的关系。利用单样本基因集富集分析(ssGSEA)和TIMER数据库探索KIF14表达水平与肿瘤免疫浸润的关系。通过功能富集分析注释KIF14在肺腺癌中的生物学功能。进一步进行体外实验和免疫组织化学验证。通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)和Western blot检测KIF14在LUAD细胞系中表达情况;构建KIF14干扰序列并将其转染入A549细胞中,将其分为NC组(转染KIF14阴性对照序列)、siKIF14组(转染靶向KIF14的siRNA序列)。Western blot检测细胞中KIF14沉默效果;CCK-8、平板克隆形成实验检测siKIF14对LUAD细胞增殖能力的影响;TUNEL凋亡实验检测siKIF14对LUAD细胞凋亡能力的影响;Transwell和划痕实验检测siKIF14对LUAD细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响。结果:生物信息数据...     

TPX2与肿瘤关系的研究进展

基因组不稳定是癌症的标志.XKlP2靶蛋白(Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2,TPX2)在细胞有丝分裂过程中参与纺锤体的形成.TPX2的异常表达可导致中心体异常扩增、纺锤体发生异常,进而影响染色体组的稳定性,细胞发生恶性转化.近年来研究证实,TPX...     

Aurora激酶与人类肿瘤的研究进展

Aurora蛋白激酶家族，包括Aurora-A、Aurora-B和Aurora-C，在细胞有丝分裂期过程中发挥着重要作用。Aurora-A定位于中心体和纺锤体，主要参与中心体的成熟、分离和纺锤体形成，还参与p53通路、细胞凋亡和有丝分裂的调节等。Aurora-A在多种肿瘤组织中存在着高表达。它的高表达可能会导致基因的不稳定和肿瘤的发生，与某些肿瘤的预后相关。最近对其三维结构的测定推进了对激酶抑制剂的研究，希望能够发现新的抗癌因子。Aurora-B参与染色体调节、分离，并在纺锤体检查点等方面发挥重要作用。Aurora-C和AuroraB共同参与哺乳动物有丝分裂染色体分离和胞质分裂。     

KIF21B在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义的研究

背景与目的:驱动蛋白家族(kinesin superfamily,KIF)是一类调控微管运动的分子马达,参与细胞运动、有丝分裂、细胞内运输及癌变过程。KIF21B作为经典的驱动蛋白分子,同时也是微管系统动态平衡的调控子,其在肿瘤中的表达尚未见报道。探讨KIF21B在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达水平与HCC患者临床病理学特征的关系及对预后的影响。方法:通过癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)分析KIF21B在HCC组织及正常组织中的表达差异,及其与临床病理学特征的关系;应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)检测2株HCC细胞及1株正常肝细胞中KIF21B的表达差异;应用免疫组织化学法检测于甘肃省人民医院2014年3月-2018年6月行HCC手术切除的116例HCC组织及其癌旁组织中KIF21B的表达差异,验证TCGA数据库结果,分析KIF21B表达水平与临床病理学特征之间的关系;应用COX回归模型及Kaplan-Meier法分析KIF21B表达对HCC患者预后的影响。结果:KIF21B在HCC组织的表达显著高于正常组织(P<0.01),此结果与TCGA数据库结果一致,与TNM分期、乙肝病毒感染和血管侵犯有关(P<0.05);KIF21B在2株HCC细胞中的表达明显高于正常肝细胞(P<0.05);Kaplan-Meier法分析显示,KIF21B高表达组5年生存率明显低于低表达组(P<0.05);COX分析显示,KIF21B是影响HCC预后的独立因素。结论:KIF21B在HCC组织中的表达明显高于正常组织,且与预后不良密切相关,可能参与HCC的发生、发展过程。     

KIF14在转移性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨KIF14在转移性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 应用免疫组织化学方法及RT-PCR方法检测97例转移性卵巢癌和15例正常卵巢组织中KIF14蛋白及mRNA的表达。统计分析KIF14蛋白表达与临床病理参数及卵巢癌患者总生存（OS）及无进展生存（PFS）的相关性。［结果］ 转移性卵巢癌组织中,KIF14蛋白及mRNA表达水平均高于正常卵巢组织,与肿瘤来源无关;KIF14蛋白表达与PFS和OS均呈负相关,而与患者年龄（P=0.030）、腹水（P=0.019）、肿瘤大小（P=0.014）、受侵范围（P=0.000）、Ki67指数(P=0.022)呈正相关。［结论］ KIF14蛋白及mRNA在转移性卵巢癌中表达上调,且KIF14蛋白的表达与转移性卵巢癌的不良预后密切相关。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.