X线摄片计算机辅助定位穿刺活检对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

为了探讨乳腺钼靶X线摄片在计算机辅助下立体定位核心穿刺活检对临床上不能扪及肿块的早期乳腺癌的诊断价值，对48例临床上不能扪及明确肿块、乳腺X线摄片发现可疑病变患者，采用计算机辅助立体定位核心穿刺，取得活组织行病理检查。结果示，48例患者中共发现早期乳腺癌7例，占14．6％。初步研究结果提示，X线摄片计算机辅助立体定位核心穿刺活检技术具有定位精确、可靠程度高、创伤小、操作简单等优点，对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检在诊断0期乳腺癌的应用价值

目的探讨X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检技术在临床触诊和B超检查均为阴性乳腺微小病灶中诊断0期乳腺癌方面的价值。方法本院于2007年10月～2009年5月用数字化俯卧式穿刺活检定位系统引导真空负压旋切活检系统对113例B超检查为阴性临床不可触及的X线下可疑病灶(BIRADS评级为4级)进行微创切取活检。结果手术成功率100%。113例病例中共发现18例乳腺癌,其中乳腺导管内癌12例,导管内癌并微浸润(浸润突破基底膜小于2mm)4例,浸润性导管癌1例,浸润性小叶癌1例。乳腺癌术后病理分期0期12例,Ⅰ期6例。无严重出血等并发症。结论 X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检临床触诊和B超检查均为阴性的X线下乳腺微小病灶,对诊断0期乳腺癌有较高的价值。     

X线立体定位真空辅助空芯针活检术在诊断乳腺微小钙化病变中的作用

目的:评价应用11G活检针行X线立体定位真空辅助空芯针活检术(stereotractic vacuum-assisted biopsy,SVAB)在诊断乳腺微小钙化病变中的作用.方法:采用11G活检针对93例乳腺钼靶X线检测提示存在微小钙化病灶的患者实施SVAB检测,对病理结果为恶性或者不典型乳腺增生或不能明确诊断的病例以及钼靶X线摄影诊断结果与活检病理明显不符的患者均实施开放手术.比较术后的病理结果和活检病理结果.结果:在97例次微小钙化病变中,通过SVAB共有96例次(99.0％)成功获得钙化组织;活检病理结果显示,71例次(73.2％)为良性病变,19例次(19.6％)为恶性病变,6例次(6.2％)为不典型增生.有25例患者最终行开放性手术,2例次(2/13,15.4％)导管原位癌最终诊断为浸润性癌,1例次(1/4,25.0％)导管不典型增生最终诊断为导管原位癌,1例钼靶影像与活检病理不符患者最终诊断为导管原位癌.71例病理诊断为良性的患者中有49例中位随访时间达14.5个月,均未发现明显异常.并发症包括血管迷走反应(1.0％)、出血(2.1％)和血肿形成(3.1％).结论:SVAB对诊断乳腺微小钙化病变是可靠而有效的方法,其不良反应较小,但需要准确掌握适应证;对影像学-组织学诊断不一致、病理诊断为不典型增生或导管原位癌可能存在组织学低估的病例,需要实施进一步的手术活检.     

细针吸取组织学检查结合钼靶摄片在女性T1期乳腺癌诊断中的应用

为了探讨细针吸取组织学检查结合钼靶摄片在乳腺癌诊断中的应用,对术后病理诊断乳腺癌、术前行钼靶摄片和（或）细针吸取组织学检查共285例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果213例患者中术前行细针穿刺,阳性率78.4%,假阴性率21.6%.165例钼靶摄片患者中,阳性率为70.9%,假阴性率29.1%.联合检查93例,阳性率93.5%,假阴性率6.5%.钼靶摄片和细针吸取组织学检查进行比较,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;钼靶摄片与联合检查结果比较,差异有统计学意义,P=0.0000.细针吸取组织学检查与联合检查结果比较,差异有统计学意义,P=0.0000.初步研究结果提示,细针吸取组织学检查结合钼靶摄片是术前诊断乳腺癌简便而有效的方法,对手术和其他治疗方法有重要的指导意义.     

40例早期乳腺癌的临床X线分析

目的：通过对早期乳腺癌X线征象的认识，提高早期乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法：经手术病理证实的40例早期乳腺癌术前均行临床查体、X线摄片。结果：全组22例表现为肿瘤结节，19例表现簇样钙化，11例表现小灶致密影，7例局部结构紊乱，2例单支导管扩张。结论：早期乳腺癌无论在临床表现、影像学检查均可出现不典型特征，诊断早期乳腺癌除了重视特征性征象如毛刺状结节、簇样钙化外，还应重视小灶致密影、局部结构紊乱、单支导管扩张等间接征象。乳腺X线摄片及临床查体是发现早期乳腺癌的重要手段。     

乳腺X线立体定位空芯针活检的临床应用

目的评价乳腺X线立体定位空芯针活检在乳腺疾病诊治中的价值.方法采用计算机辅助乳腺X线立体定位系统、弹射式自动活检枪和14-gauge的空芯针.结果对影像学诊断发现异常的71个病灶进行X线立体定位空芯针活检.对照手术或1年以上(13～45个月)的随访结果,该组的诊断特异性和敏感性分别为100％和92％.有73％的良性病灶经空芯针活检明确诊断后免除了手术活检.结论 X线立体定位空心针活检是用于乳腺X线发现的临床摸不到肿块的病灶的一种安全有效的微创活检方法,并使大量良性病变免除手术活检并节省了医疗开支.     

乳腺钼靶摄片立体穿刺钢丝标记定位活检术

我院从 1995年开展乳腺钼靶摄片立体穿刺钢丝标记定位活检术 ,认为这是一个较好的方法 ,报告如下 :一　材料与方法1 一般资料　病例 6例为 1995～ 1998年我院收治的女性住院病人 ,钼靶摄片为可疑恶性病灶 ,无体征。表明为 :2例见星形结节影 ,4例见砂粒样钙化点。 4例乳腺癌 ,平均年龄 43岁 (36～ 5 3岁 ) ;2例为良性病变 ,年龄 37岁 (2 9～ 45岁 )。2 定位标记材料　Ｐｌａｎｍｅｄ钼靶乳腺摄片机及配套的有孔压迫器 ,9号穿刺针 ,自制的标记钢丝 (用硬膜外麻醉管的内衬钢丝或小提琴弦制成 )。3 标记定位及活检方法　手术前采用立体定位仪在…     

立体定位针吸活检与导丝导向切除活检对隐匿性乳腺病变诊断价值的比较

临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片或者高频超声探头探测的微小病灶分别用钼靶X线或B超立体定位下穿刺活检病理检查，随后将头端带有倒勾的钢丝头端置于病灶中心，指导手术切除病理检查。结果示51例患者。穿刺活检检出23例恶性病变，良性病变28例；此28例良性肿瘤，其中4例在导丝导向活检中诊断恶性疾病，针吸活检乳腺癌的诊断符合率92．2％(47／51)，假阴性率7．8％(4／51)。初步研究结果提示，X线或B超下乳腺病灶穿刺活检及钢丝导向手术切除病灶活检均具有定位准确、创伤小，是诊治隐匿性乳腺疾病的可靠方法。但针吸活检有一定的漏诊率。     

数字化X线定位系统下Mammotome微创活检在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨数字化俯卧式X线定位系统下Mammotome微创切除不可触及乳腺病灶在乳腺癌早期诊断的临床应用价值.方法：2004年12月～2005年5月,应用IORAD数字化俯卧式穿刺床X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统对67例患者73个临床不可触及乳腺钼靶X线片表现为可疑病灶进行微创切除活检.73个病灶中X线摄片：42例为孤立簇状聚集钙化,27例为不规则致密影并簇状钙化,4例为局部腺体结构扭曲.术前BIRADS评级Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ级分别为51、1 7和5个.结果：67例患者73个病灶,乳腺癌1 3个（1 7.8%）,其中4个为乳腺导管内癌.3个导管内癌并早期浸润.6个浸润性导管癌.良性病变60个（82.1%）.13个乳腺癌术后分期：2个为0期.9个为Ⅰ期.2个为ⅡA期.13个中11个为早期乳腺癌（84.6%）.结论：应用LORAD数字化俯卧式X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统微创活检不可触及乳腺X线摄片发现的微小病灶.是一种确诊早期乳腺癌的微创方法.     

Ultra-cut穿刺活检对深部占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨Ultra-cut穿刺针穿刺活检对深部占位性病变的诊断价值。方法对122例深部占位性病变行彩超或螺旋CT引导Ultra-cut穿刺针穿刺活检结果进行回顾性分析。结果122例深部占位性病变，在B超或螺旋CT引导下进行穿刺活检，成功率为97．5％(119／122)，未出观继发性大出血和因并发症而死亡现象。结论应用Ultra-cut穿刺针穿刺活检。对深部占位性病变性的诊断具有重要价值，且操作安全可靠，取材质量满意，病人痛苦少，较少出现并发症。     

Diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic large-core needle biopsy for nonpalpable breast disease: results of a multicenter prospective study with 95% surgical confirmation

Stereotactic large-core needle biopsy is increasingly applied for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast disease. Our study examines whether this minimally invasive technique is sufficiently accurate to replace surgical breast biopsy. In a prospective multicenter study, 973 consecutive women with 1,029 nonpalpable breast lesions were offered stereotactic 14-gauge needle biopsy. If the needle biopsy yielded breast cancer, the patient was offered therapeutic surgery. Surgical biopsy was proposed in cases of needle biopsies without malignancy. An expert panel reviewed all discrepancies in histologic diagnosis between the needle biopsy and open biopsy. Forty-five patients withdrew from participation and 113 (11%) planned needle biopsy procedures were cancelled. Of the 871 successful biopsy procedures, 95% were confirmed surgically. In 13 cases (1.5%), insufficient material was obtained for histologic assessment. Fifty-five percent of the needle biopsies were diagnosed as malignant (290 invasive cancers, 190 ductal carcinoma in situ). Thirteen of the 322 lesions (4%, 95% CI 2-7%) with a benign needle biopsy diagnosis contained malignancy after surgery. Six of the 26 (23%, 95% CI 9-44%) lesions with a high-risk diagnosis (atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ) were diagnosed as malignant after surgery. Five of the 30 lesions containing normal breast tissue held malignancy (17%, 95% CI 6-35%). Guidelines for the management of different categories of needle biopsy diagnoses were made. Application of these guidelines to the present findings resulted in sensitivity and specificity rates of 97% (95% CI 95-98%) and 99% (95% CI 97-100%), respectively. Stereotactic large-core needle biopsy is an accurate diagnostic instrument for nonpalpable breast disease. It may safely replace needle localised open-breast biopsy provided that high-risk and normal breast tissue diagnoses are followed by needle or open-breast biopsy.     

临床未扪及肿块的乳腺病灶穿刺活检现状

对于影像学诊断发现的临床摸不到块的乳腺病灶 ,可以采用B超或者X线立体定位下进行活检。细针吸取细胞学检查 (FNA)和空心针穿刺活检 (CNB)是目前最常用的两种穿刺活检诊断方法。对于乳腺X线异常的病灶 ,X线立体定位穿刺活检不仅诊断敏感性高 ,而且可以使大量良性病变免于不必要的手术 ;另外它还有助于手术方案的制定。由于存在组织学低估以及漏检等情况 ,穿刺活检尚不能完全取代手术活检。因此 ,必须合理地选择穿刺对象及掌握再次活检的指征     

Evaluation of stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) of the breast at a single institution

Stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) has become a popular method for diagnosis of occult breast abnormalities. There are few large series of SCNB from a single institution. Data on patients undergoing SCNB for mammographic abnormalities were collected prospectively over 43 months at a university hospital. Mammographic findings were categorized as benign, probably benign, indeterminate, suspicious or malignant. For lesions with SCNB pathology that were non-diagnostic, showed atypical hyperplasia or malignancy (in situ or invasive), or were discordant with the pre-biopsy mammogram findings, surgical excision was recommended. Subsequent surgical pathology was reviewed. All remaining lesions were followed mammographically after SCNB. SCNB was performed on 692 lesions in 607 patients. There were 79 malignancies, for a positive SCNB rate of 11.4%. The 349 SCNB performed for benign, probably benign and indeterminate lesions on mammography had a positive SCNB rate of only 4%. Surgery was recommended for 127 (18.3%) lesions, while 565 (81.6%) were followed mammographically after SCNB. A compliance rate of 61% for at least one follow-up mammogram was obtained, with a median follow-up of 17.2 months and with no cancers found. The sensitivity for malignancy with SCNB was 93%. SCNB provides a minimally invasive method to assess mammographic abnormalities. Abnormalities considered radiographically to be other than malignant or suspicious yielded few cancers. In this series a low positive SCNB rate resulted in no false negatives on mammographic follow-up. The optimal positive biopsy rate for SCNB is debatable.     

乳腺癌术后引流液细胞学检查的临床价值

目的:探讨乳腺癌手术创面脱落癌细胞的相关因素及防范对策。方法:对174例乳腺癌术后的腋下和肿瘤附近创面引流液作脱落细胞涂片检查,将结果与相关因素作对比分析。结果:本组脱落癌细胞阳性者42例,占24%。T1和T2(χ2=6.960,P=0.008)、T2和T3、T4(χ2=26.372,P=0.000)、Ⅰ期和Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期(χ2=33.187,P=0.000)及Ⅱ期和Ⅲ、Ⅳ期(χ2=18.200,P=0.000)差异均有统计学意义。Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期(χ2=0.520,P=0.471)、根治和改良根治(χ2=3.563,P=0.059),差异无统计学意义。有淋巴结转移和无淋巴结转移(χ2=18.748,P=0.000)、非浸润和浸润(χ2=8.121,P=0.004)、腋下引流和胸创面(χ2=8.116,P=0.004)差异均有统计学意义。结论:脱落癌细胞阳性率与肿瘤大小、病期早晚、组织学类型和有无淋巴结转移有关,提高手术操作质量可降低脱落癌细胞阳性率。     

乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术的临床应用

目的:探讨乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术在不能触及乳腺病灶中的临床应用价值。方法:对58例钼靶X片上有可疑病灶而无临床体征的患者,通过X线立体定位穿刺,放入钢丝标记,指导外科切除活检,组织病理学检查明确诊断。结果:58例不能触及乳腺病灶一次定位切检成功,经病理检查证实恶性病变20例,良性病变38例。结论:乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术对不能触及乳腺病灶的定位定性诊断有重要价值,是诊断无体征早期乳腺癌的理想诊断技术。     

细针穿刺肿瘤组织端粒酶活性检测在乳腺癌诊断中的意义

目的 :探讨细针穿刺乳腺肿瘤组织端粒酶活性检测在乳腺癌诊断中的意义。方法 :用PCR ELISA法检测79例术前乳腺肿瘤穿刺活检标本和大体标本的端粒酶活性并与病理诊断进行对照。结果 :乳腺癌 65例 ,穿刺组织端粒酶阳性 5 7例 ,阳性率为 87 7% ;大体组织端粒酶阳性 5 4例 ,阳性率83 1% ;淋巴结有转移者端粒酶活性高于无淋巴结转移者 ;乳腺良性疾病 14例 ,端粒酶阳性 2例 ,阳性率 14 3 %。结论 :术前乳腺肿瘤穿刺组织端粒酶活性检测有利于乳腺肿瘤的早期诊断及鉴别诊断 ,可以间接了解乳腺癌的进展程度     

细针吸取组织学检查结合钼靶摄片在女性T1期乳腺癌诊断中的应用

为了探讨细针吸取组织学检查结合钼靶摄片在乳腺癌诊断中的应用,对术后病理诊断乳腺癌、术前行钼靶摄片和(或)细针吸取组织学检查共285例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果213例患者中术前行细针穿刺,阳性率78.4%,假阴性率21.6%.165例钼靶摄片患者中,阳性率为70.9%,假阴性率29.1%.联合检查93例,阳性率93.5%,假阴性率6.5%.钼靶摄片和细针吸取组织学检查进行比较,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;钼靶摄片与联合检查结果比较,差异有统计学意义,P=0.0000.细针吸取组织学检查与联合检查结果比较,差异有统计学意义,P=0.0000.初步研究结果提示,细针吸取组织学检查结合钼靶摄片是术前诊断乳腺癌简便而有效的方法,对手术和其他治疗方法有重要的指导意义.     

Upright stereotactic vacuum-assisted needle biopsy of suspicious breast microcalcifications

Stereotactic core needle biopsy is a useful technique for evaluation of suspicious breast microcalcifications. The development of the 11-G vacuum-assisted biopsy system offers another method of minimally invasive biopsy carried out on a conventional mammography unit. We evaluate its usefulness, efficacy and safety in Asian women. Vacuum-assisted biopsy was carried out through the lateral approach using an add-on stereotactic device attached to a mammography unit. One hundred and five lesions were sampled in 97 patients. Excisional biopsy was subsequently Carried out for diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia or carcinoma in high-risk patients. Patients with benign diagnosis underwent mammographic follow up. The technical success rate was 97%. An average of 13.5 tissue cores were retrieved for each lesion. The histopathological result obtained from mammotome was benign in 84.8% and malignant in 15.2%. The benign microcalcifications were predominantly fibrocystic change (n = 42) whereas the malignant microcalcifications included ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 15) and invasive carcinoma (n = 1). Twenty-two patients underwent subsequent open surgical biopsy but no underestimation of disease was seen. Only two patients had vasovagal syncope and three others felt unwell during the biopsy. Nine patients had small haematomas, which resolved spontaneously. Vacuum-assisted biopsy carried out on an upright stereotactic mammography unit is a safe and effective method for evaluation of suspicious microcalcifications.