茶多酚对铝致大鼠睾丸支持细胞损伤的拮抗作用研究

目的 探讨茶多酚(TP)对铝暴露大鼠睾丸支持细胞损伤的拮抗作用.方法 原代培养大鼠睾丸支持细胞.将细胞分为0 μmol/L AlCl3(对照组)、400 μmol/L AlCl3(铝暴露组)、40 μg/mL TP +400 μmol/L AlCl3组(低剂量拮抗组)、160μg/mL茶多酚+400 μmol/L AlCl3组(高剂量拮抗组),各组用相应的药物处理24 h.四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测各组细胞的生长活性;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测抑制素B(INHB) mRNA的表达.结果 与对照组比较,铝暴露组的细胞活性、IN-HB mRNA表达均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与铝暴露组比较,低剂量拮抗组、高剂量拮抗组能够明显提高细胞活性,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与铝暴露组比较,高剂量拮抗组能够明显提高INHB mRNA表达,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高剂量TP能够拮抗铝对大鼠睾丸支持细胞的损伤.     

甘草黄酮对2型糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的 研究甘草黄酮(LF)对2型糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响.方法 采用高脂高糖饲料喂养结合一次性小剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法复制T2DM大鼠模型.正常对照组(Control)和模型组(DM)以溶剂(1,2-丙二醇)灌胃,正常给药组(CLF)和甘草黄酮治疗组(LF)以甘草黄酮300mg/(kg·d)灌胃.6周后,检测实验大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG),测定血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果 与DM组相比,LF组大鼠的FBG水平显著降低(P＜0.01),血清T-AOC水平显著增高(P＜0.01),GSH-PX和SOD抗氧化酶活性显著升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),而血清中MDA含量显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 LF可显著提高2型糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力.     

热休克时超氧歧化酶诱导机制的实验研究

目的在培养乳鼠心肌细胞观察热休克时氧自由基(OFR)的消除与否,对缺氧复氧损伤心肌耐受力及超氧歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.方法实验分对照组、损伤组、热休克组、热休克+SOD预处理组、外源性预处理组(n=6).预处理24 h后各组细胞接受2 h缺氧/1h复氧孵育,并检测OFR,SOD及细胞损伤指标的变化.结果心肌细胞在热休克或预处理时OFR释放增加(P＜0.05),但24 h后经历2 h缺氧/1 h复氧时,两组细胞释放的OFR较对照组明显减少(P＜0.01),且伴有SOD活性显著升高(P＜0.01),心肌细胞损伤减轻(P＜0.01);若在热休克时应用SOD消除产生的OFR则出现完全相反的结果.结论热休克对缺氧复氧损伤心肌细胞有明确的保护作用,热休克时温和释放的OFR通过增加SOD的合成介导了晚期的心肌保护作用.     

硒对氟致大鼠肾小管上皮细胞线粒体膜电位改变的拮抗作用

目的 探究硒对氟致大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E细胞)线粒体膜电位改变的拮抗作用.方法 实验共设4组:染氟纽(5 mg/L和20 mg/L的氟化钠)、染硒组(0.0171 mg/L和0.0342 mg/L的亚硒酸钠)、硒干预组(氟化钠和亚硒酸钠联合干预)和对照组,按照分组干预NRK-52E细胞48 h.流式细胞仪检测其线粒体膜电位,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)测试盒测定酶的活性.结果 与对照组比,随着氟化钠浓度的升高,染氟组NRK-52E细胞线粒体膜电位下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)且SOD、T-AOC、GSH-PX和CAT酶活性均降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).与染氟组相比,相对应的硒干预组线粒体膜电位升高(P＜0.01).与20 mg/L的染氟组比较,相对应硒干预组的SOD、T-AOC、GSH-PX和CAT酶活性均升高(P＜0.05).与0.0171 mg/L染硒组相比,相对应的硒干预组线粒体膜电位降低(P＜0.01)且T-AOC、GSH-PX和CAT酶活性均降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).5 mg/L加氟组与加硒组相比,线粒体膜电位显著变化(P＜0.01),但SOD、GSH-PX、CAT、T-AOC酶活性均无显著变化.20 mg/L加氟组与加硒组相比,线粒体膜电位具有显著性差异(P＜0.01)且SOD、GSH-PX、CAT、T-AOC酶活性均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 一定浓度的硒可以拮抗氟诱导大鼠肾小管上皮细胞线粒体膜电位下降,可能通过恢复抗氧化酶活性实现.     

槲皮黄酮调控Hedgehog通路抑制人卵巢癌细胞株A2780增殖、侵袭、迁移的体外实验

目的:通过体外实验研究分析槲皮黄酮通过调控Hedgehog通路对人卵巢癌细胞株A2780的增殖、侵袭和迁移的抑制作用。方法:将人卵巢癌细胞株A2780按照每孔1×10~5个接种到96孔板中,分别记作阴性对照组,阳性对照组,槲皮黄酮高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组,每组设置5个重复孔。阳性对照组培养基中加入阿霉素使其终浓度为5μmol·L~(-1),槲皮黄酮高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组分别在培养基中加入槲皮黄酮使其终质量浓度为20、10、5μg·L~(-1),培养48 h。通过四唑盐比色法分别在24 h和48 h检测A2780细胞增殖抑制率;通过Transwell小室法检验A2780细胞侵袭能力;通过细胞划痕实验检测A2780细胞迁移能力;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检验Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)、Ptched1(Ptch1)、Smoothened(Smo)、神经胶质瘤相关癌基因同源蛋白1(Gli1)mRNA表达水平;通过蛋白免疫印迹检测Shh、Ptch1、Smo、Gli1蛋白表达水平。结果:阴性对照组A2780细胞在药物干预24 h和48 h细胞增殖抑制率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);其余4组48 h均高于24 h(P0.05);两组间在24 h和48 h细胞增殖抑制率比较:槲皮黄酮高剂量组阳性对照组/槲皮黄酮中剂量组槲皮黄酮低剂量组阴性对照组,阳性对照组和槲皮黄酮中剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。药物干预48 h后A2780细胞侵袭活性和迁移能力比较:每两组比较,阴性对照组槲皮黄酮低剂量组阳性对照组/槲皮黄酮中剂量组槲皮黄酮高剂量组,阳性对照组和槲皮黄酮中剂量组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。药物干预48 h后Shh、Ptch1、Smo、Gli1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平检测比较:每两组间比较,阴性对照组槲皮黄酮低剂量组阳性对照组/槲皮黄酮中剂量组槲皮黄酮高剂量组,阳性对照组和槲皮黄酮中剂量组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:槲皮黄酮可抑制人卵巢癌细胞株A2780的增殖、侵袭和迁移,高剂量槲皮黄酮效果优于阿霉素,推测其作用机制可能与调控Hedgehog通路下调Shh、Ptch1、Smo、Gli1基因和蛋白表达水平有关。     

乙酰甲胺磷对雄性大鼠睾丸组织抗氧化能力的影响

目的 探讨乙酰甲胺磷对雄性大鼠睾丸组织抗氧化能力的影响.方法 24只健康成年SD雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,每组6只.阴性对照组(蒸馏水)和3个不同剂量乙酰甲胺磷染毒组(11.81、23.63、47.25 mg/kg·bw),采用经口灌胃染毒方式,共染毒60d.检测睾丸组织氧化损伤指标SOD和GSH-Px活性、GSH和MDA的含量.结果 乙酰甲胺磷各染毒组睾丸组织匀浆中SOD和GSH-Px活力均呈现剂量反应关系,其中高剂量染毒组低于阴性对照组(P＜0.05).结论 乙酰甲胺磷在47.25 mg/kg剂量下,对雄性大鼠睾丸抗氧化功能有一定的抑制作用.     

八肽胆囊收缩素对游离脂肪酸损伤胰岛β细胞氧化应激的影响

目的：观察八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对游离脂肪酸（FFAs）损伤的小鼠胰岛β细胞（本文为 NIT-1细胞株）氧化应激及细胞增殖的影响,探讨 CCK-8对胰岛β细胞保护作用的机制。方法将培养良好的 NIT-1细胞分为对照组、FFAs 组（加入0．25 mmol／L 油酸＋0．25 mmol／L 软脂酸）、CCK-8组（FFAs 组基础上同时加入1×10-8 mmol／L CCK-8）,分别培养48 h 和72 h ,观察细胞生长状态,M TT 比色法检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,检测细胞培养上清液总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）,谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT ）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA ）活性。结果 FFAs 组显微镜下可见较多细胞碎片,CCK-8组细胞碎片明显减少;与 FFAs 组比较,48 h 和72 h CCK-8组的光密度（OD）570值显著增高（均 P＜0．01）,与 CCK-8处理48 h 比较,72 h 组 OD570值明显增高（P＜0．01）;与 FFAs 组比较,CCK-8组细胞上清液 CAT 、T-AOC 、SOD及 GSH-Px 活性均明显增高,MDA 含量降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;72 h CCK-8组较48 h 组 CAT 、SOD 活性增加,MDA含量降低。结论 CCK-8对 FFAs 损伤的胰岛β细胞具有一定的抗氧化应激作用,同时 CCK-8能够显著刺激 NIT-1细胞的增殖。     

银杏叶提取物对6-OHDA诱导PC12细胞氧化应激的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo bilobaextract,GBE）对6-羟基多巴胺（6-hydroxydopamine,6-OH-DA）诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激的保护作用及其机制。方法经不同剂量GBE预处理体外培养的PC12细胞后,加入6-OHDA诱导多巴胺能神经元损伤模型。用MTT法检测PC12细胞活力;分光光度法测定细胞过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）的活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）的水平;硫代巴比妥法测定细胞丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果100μmol/L的6-OHDA处理PC12细胞24 h,细胞活力较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0.01）,CAT、GSH-Px、T-SOD的活性和T-AOC的水平明显降低（P〈0.05）,MDA含量明显升高（P〈0.05）;与模型组比较,不同剂量GBE预处理组的PC12细胞活力逐渐升高,CAT、GSH-Px、T-SOD的活性和T-AOC的水平明显升高（P〈0.05）,MDA含量明显减少（P〈0.05）。结论GBE对6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激具有抑制作用,提高CAT、GSH-Px、T-SOD的活性和T-AOC的水平可能是其抗氧化作用的机制之一。     

胰高血糖素样肽-1抑制软脂酸诱导的MIN6细胞凋亡

目的 探讨胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)对软脂酸(PA)诱导的MIN6细胞凋亡及分泌胰岛素功能的影响.方法 传代培养处于对数生长期的胰岛β细胞MIN6细胞株分为三组.PA组:加入0.5 mmol/L PA孵育36 h;GLP-1+PA组:加入10 nmol/LGLP-1,12 h后再加入0.5 mmol/L PA继续孵育36 h,期间每12 h加1次相同浓度的GLP-1;对照组:未加GLP-1或PA,其他培养条件相同.MTT比色法检测细胞活力;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡百分率;放射免疫分析法测定MIN6细胞胰岛素分泌量.结果 PA组MIN6细胞凋亡率为(39.41±10.16)%,细胞活力较对照组减少25.8%(P＜0.05);GLP-1+PA组MIN6细胞凋亡率为(32.80±8.06)%,细胞活力较PA组增强13.88%(P＜0.05),其高糖和低糖状态下胰岛素分泌均明显高于PA组(P＜0.01).结论 GLP-1可以抑制PA诱导的MIN6细胞凋亡,同时改善细胞胰岛素分泌功能.     

实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸氧化应激水平的检测

目的 测定青春期精索静脉曲张(VC)大鼠睾丸组织中氧化应激水平,探讨VC致不育的机制.方法 将40只雄性青春期Wistar大鼠随机分为VC 8周组、VC 12周组(各12只)和相应的假手术对照组(各8只),通过部分结扎左肾静脉建立实验性大鼠VC模型,对照组只游离左肾静脉不结扎.分别于术后8、12周解剖动物,测左侧精索静脉最大直径;比色法测睾丸组织内过氧化氢(H2O2)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平.结果 成功建立了VC模型.VC 8周组和12周组大鼠左侧精索静脉均明显扩张(t=7.19、6.86,P<0.01),双侧睾丸组织内H2O2含量较对照组明显增加(t=2.31～4.78,P＜0.05、0.01),与右侧相比左侧增加更明显(t=2.56、3.15,P＜0.05), 并且左侧VC 12周组比VC 8周组增加更明显(t=2.16,P＜0.05).VC 8周组和VC 12周组左侧CAT活力与对照组比较显著降低(t=2.23、3.03,P＜0.05、0.01),右侧数值有下降趋势但差异无显著性(t=0.95、1.41,P＞0.05).VC 8周组和VC 12周组双侧SOD活力和T-AOC与对照组比较均明显降低(t=3.29～4.72,P＜0.01),并且VC 12周组比VC 8周组降低更明显(t=2.80、3.38,P＜0.05、0.01),T-AOC左侧睾丸比右侧下降更明显(t=11.66、7.54,P＜0.01).结论 VC可引起双侧睾丸H2O2增加,CAT活力、SOD活力以及T-AOC下降,导致睾丸组织内氧化应激系统失衡.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.