β-细辛醚在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的了解石菖蒲主要成分β-细辛醚的药代动力学特征。方法以HPLC法测定ig大鼠血清和各器官（脑、心、肺、肾、肝）中β-细辛醚的浓度，把器官当作相对独立的系统，用DAS软件进行药代动力学分析。结果β-细辛醚在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程属一级一室动力学模型，血清半衰期为54 min；达峰时间12 min；达峰浓度3.19 mg·L^-1。各器官与血清有相似的动力学过程。结论β-细辛醚在体内吸收、分布、代谢较迅速，极易透过血脑屏障，大脑是重要的分布器官。     

α-细辛醚大鼠在体肠吸收动力学研究

目的研究α-细辛醚的大鼠肠吸收机制。方法运用大鼠在体单向灌流法进行肠吸收实验,收集灌流流出液,测定其质量,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定灌流液中α-细辛醚的含量,利用质量法计算动力学参数。结果α-细辛醚在十二指肠、空肠、回肠段的吸收速率常数(Ka)和表观吸收系数(Papp)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),灌流速度对药物的Ka和Papp有显著影响(P<0.05),药物浓度在一定范围内对Ka和Papp均无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论α-细辛醚在整个肠道均有吸收,在大鼠肠道的吸收呈现一级动力学特征,且吸收机制为被动扩散。     

α细辛醚凝胶帖剂的体外大鼠皮肤渗透动力学

目的研究α细辛醚凝胶贴剂的大鼠体外渗透动力学。方法取大鼠离体腹部皮肤,进行体外经皮渗透试验,根据实验结果作渗透曲线。结果透皮速率为63.43μg·cm-2·h-1,时滞(tlag)为7.85h,表观扩散系数(Dm)为9.81×10-4mm2·h-1。结论α细辛醚凝胶贴剂经大鼠皮渗透过程属于零级动力学过程。     

细辛醚的研究进展

细辛醚为天南星科植物石菖蒲Acorus tatarinowii主要活性成分,有3个同分异构体,主要作用于神经、心血管、呼吸系统等.现就其研究进展包括化学研究、药动学和药理作用等做一综述.     

小儿遗尿分散片的制剂处方筛选与α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚含量测定

目的筛选小儿遗尿分散片的制剂处方和成型工艺,建立制剂中α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚含量测定的高效液相色谱法。方法以成型性、崩解时限和口感为指标,采用平行设计法筛选最佳处方;采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚的含量,流动相为甲醇-水(60∶40),检测波长为257 nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL/min。结果经最佳制备工艺制得的小儿遗尿分散片外观及口感良好,崩解时间小于60 s;经高效液相色谱法测定,α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚质量浓度分别在0.054～1.286 g/L,0.187～4.672 g/L范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为101.48%和99.65%,RSD分别为1.07%和1.31%(n=6)。结论小儿遗尿分散片组方合理,制备工艺可行,所建立的含量测定方法简便、准确,专属性好。     

甘草酸二铵肠溶片临床药代动力学研究

目的研究男性健康志愿者单剂量服用甘草酸二铵肠溶片,其代谢产物甘草次酸体内药代动力学行为。方法健康男性志愿者单剂量口服甘草酸二铵肠溶片150mg,血浆样品经乙酸乙酯提取,进行LC-MS/MS分析。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB C18(3.0×100mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇:乙腈:醋酸铵缓冲液(5mmol.L-1醋酸铵,0.2%冰醋酸)(15∶60∶25,V/V/V),检测离子为m/z 469.4/355.2(甘草次酸)、m/z 358.9/279.9(内标泼尼松龙)。测定甘草次酸血药浓度,计算其药代动力学参数。结果在1.5~192μg.L-1内,甘草次酸与内标的峰面积比值与浓度的线性关系良好,定量限为1.5μg.L-1,提取回收率为77.14%~83.64%。人体中甘草次酸药代动力学参数:Cmax为(73.85±25.25)μg.L-1,Tmax为(11.50±3.07)h,T12β为(11.82±3.56)h,AUC0~60为(1252.49±489.06)μg/(h.L)。结论建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法准确灵敏,适于临床药代动力学研究。口服甘草酸二铵肠溶片,其代谢产物甘草次酸在体内的药代动力学特点是达峰时间长,约占受试者总人数50%的药时曲线有双峰现象。     

小儿遗尿分散片中α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚的含量测定

目的：建立小儿遗尿分散片中α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚的含量测定方法.方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法.色谱柱：Hypersil ODS C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇∶水（60∶40）;检测波长：257 nm;柱温：30℃;流速：1.0 ml·min-1.结果：α-细辛醚在0.051～1.286 mg·ml-1范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 6,平均加样回收率为101.48%,RSD为1.07%;β-细辛醚在0.187～4.672 mg·ml-1范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,平均加样回收率为99.65%,RSD为1.31%.结论：所建立的方法简便、准确,可作为小儿遗尿分散片的质量控制方法.     

HPLC法测定宁心益智胶囊中β-细辛醚和α-细辛醚的含量

目的:建立宁心益智胶囊中β-细辛醚、(α-细辛醚含量测定的方法。方法:采用HPLC法。色谱柱为Hypersil ODS₂（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水（70:30）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为257 nm。结果:β-细辛醚在1.088～54.380μg·ml^-1的范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为98.56%（RSD=3.65%）;α-细辛醚在0.072～3.620μg·ml^-1的范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 6）,平均加样回收率为96.00%（RSD=4.03%）。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于宁心益智胶囊的质量控制。     

从老年人药代动力学特点谈老年人用药

老年人随着年龄增长 ,各器官均有不同程度老化 ,药物在体内代谢具有特殊性 ,现从老年人的药代动力学着手谈老年人的用药特点。1　吸收老年人随年龄增加 ,参与药物吸收的诸因素也发生变化 :胃液 ｐＨ上升 ;肠管血流减少 ;吸收细胞减少 ;肠道血运减弱 ;主动运输能力减弱 ;消化酶分泌减少。①与青年人相比 ,老年人胃肠道血流量和许多转运系统的作用都比较低 ,但有研究证明 ,不是一切口服药都随增龄而吸收率下降 ,而是因药物转运方式的不同而有差别。需要以主动方式转运的药物 ,如铁、糖、半乳糖、钙和维生素Ｂ1的吸收减少 ,这是由于载体减少之…     

蝙蝠葛碱和粉防己碱对[~3H]WEB 2086与体外牛脑前动脉平滑肌细胞结合的影响(英文)

用标记的血小板活化因子拮抗剂[~3H]WEB 2086,在培养的牛脑前动脉平滑肌细胞上鉴定了血小板活化因子受体。结果表明在25℃时该细胞上存在两种与配基具有不同亲和力的受体结合位点,其中K_(d-1)=22.8±5.0 nmol·L~(-1),K_(d-2)=186+20.5 nmol·L~(-1);B_(max-1)=2.1±0.3 pmol/10~4细胞,B_(max-2)=12.1±1-5 pmol/10~6细胞。蝙蝠葛碱和粉防己碱均能抑制[~3H]WEB2086与上述细胞的结合。     

^3H—天麻素和^3H—天麻甙元的制备

本文介绍了一种催化氚法制备^3H-天麻素和^3H-天麻甙元的方法，所得产物放射性比活度为510。6GBq(13.8Ci)/mmol。放化纯度大于95%。     

〔~(14)C〕氨三肼(AT-1902)在小鼠体内的动态观察

氨三肼(AT-1902)由中国科学院上海药物研究所合成室合成。经我室实验证明,对多种动物移植性肿瘤有很强的抗肿瘤作用。本文采用整体放射自显影术,研究[~(14)C]AT-1902在动物体内的分布情况,进一步阐明分布与疗效及毒性之间的关系,为临床合理用药提供依据。     

[~3H]α-萜品烯醇在豚鼠体内的吸收、分布和排泄

α-萜品烯醇为艾叶油中的平喘成分,本文以inhal,po与iv[~3H]α-萜品烯醇研究其在豚鼠体内的吸收,分布和排泄。结果表明inhal,po后吸收快,但inhal时有大部分药物进入胃肠道;分布广、除细胞内、外间液外,还可能与血浆蛋白结合;在气管平滑肌,肺脏与心肌中有较高的浓度;消除速度快,inhal,po与iv的t_(1/2)β分别为5.92,8.45与13.33h,主要以原形由尿排泄。     

Selective visualization of rat brain 5-HT2A receptors by autoradiography with [3H]MDL 100,907

The recently developed 5-HT_2A receptor selective antagonist [³H]MDL100,907 ((+/–)2,3-dimethoxyphenyl-1-[2-(4-piperidine)-methanol]) has been characterized as a radioligand for the autoradiographic visualization of these receptors. [³H]MDL100,907 binding to rat brain tissue sections was saturable, had sub-nanomolar affinity (Kd=0.2–0.3nM), and presented a pharmacological profile consistent with its binding to 5-HT_2A receptors (rank order of affinity for [³H]MDL100,907-labelled receptors: MDL100,907 > spiperone > ketanserin > mesulergine). The distribution of receptors labelled by [³H]MDL100,907 was compared to the autoradiographical patterns obtained with [³H]Ketanserin, [³H]Mesulergine, and [³H]RP62203 (N-[3-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-piperazin-1-y1]propyl]-1,8-naphtalenesultam) and to the distribution of 5-HT_2A receptor mRNA as determined by in situ hybridization. As opposed to the other radioligands, [³H]MDL100,907 labelled a single population of sites (5-HT_2A receptors) and presented extremely low levels of non-specific binding. The close similarity of the distributions of [³H]MDL100,907-labelled receptors and 5-HT_2A mRNA further supports the selectivity of this radioligand for 5-HT_2A receptors and suggests a predominant somatodendritic localization of these receptors. The present results point to [³H]MDL100,907 as the ligand of choice for the autoradiographic visualization of 5-HT_2A receptors. Received: 7 April / Accepted: 18 May 1997     

可乐定镇痛与中枢Ca~(2+)的关系

用大鼠甩尾法和放射配基结合实验,探讨了可乐定镇痛与中枢Ca~(2+)的关系。CaCl_2(1μmol/rat,icv)和EGTA(0.2μmol/rat,icv)分别拮抗和增强可乐定(1mg/kg,sc)的镇痛。戊脉安(0.1μmol/rat,icy)对可乐定(1 mg/kg,sc)镇痛无明显影响,但可部分翻转CaCl_2对可乐定镇痛的拮抗。CaCl_2(1×10~(-3)mol)对[~3H]-可乐定结合无明显抑制。结果表明可乐定镇痛与脑室周围组织中Ca~(2+)浓度变化密切相关,Ca~(2+)至少部分需经对戊脉安敏感的钙通道进入细胞内方可拮抗可乐定镇痛。推沦:可乐定镇痛与神经元内Ca~(2+)有关。     

Synthesis of N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamic acid; [3H]NAAG

[³H]NAAG, N-acetyl-l -aspartyl-l -glutamic acid, has been widely used as a substrate in glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) reactions, either to determine the inhibitory constants at 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) of novel compounds or to measure GCPII activities in different tissues harvested from various disease models. The importance of [³H]NAAG, combined with its current commercial unavailability, prompted the development of a reliable eight-step synthetic procedure towards [³H₂]NAAG starting from commercially available pyroglutamate. Pure [³H]NAAG of high molar activity (49.8 Ci/mmol) and desired stereochemistry was isolated in high radiochemical yield (67 mCi) and radiochemical purity (>99%). The identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry and co-injection with unlabeled reference.     

Synthesis of high specific activity (3,4-[3H]cyclohexyl)-N-[1 (2-benzo[b]thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine {[3H]BTCP}: A selective probe for the dopamine-reuptake complex

High specific activity [³H]BTCP, a radioligand for the dopaminereuptake complex was synthesized in 7-steps starting with the readily available starting materials, cyclohexane-1,4-dione monoethylene ketal and benzo[b]thiophene; the tritium label was introduced in the final step on the 3- and 4- positions of the cyclohexyl ring by catalytic tritiation of N-[4-(2-benzo[b]thienyl)cyclohexenyl]piperidine to give [³H]BTCP in 7.3% yield with a specific activity of 29.8 Ci/mmol (51.4% isotopic incorporation).     

Binding of [3H]MSX-2 (3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methyl-8-(m-methoxystyryl)-1-propargylxanthine) to rat striatal membranes--a new, selective antagonist radioligand for A(2A) adenosine receptors.

The present study describes the preparation and binding properties of a new, potent, and selective A_2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonist radioligand, [³H]3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methyl-8-(m-methoxystyryl)-1-propargylxanthine ([³H]MSX-2). [³H]MSX-2 binding to rat striatal membranes was saturable and reversible. Saturation experiments showed that [³H]MSX-2 labeled a single class of binding sites with high affinity (K_d=8.0 nM) and limited capacity (B_max=1.16 fmol·mg⁻¹ of protein). The presence of 100 μM GTP, or 10 mM magnesium chloride, respectively, had no effect on [³H]MSX-2 binding. AR agonists competed with the binding of 1 nM [³H]MSX-2 with the following order of potency: 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA)>2-[4-(carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680)>2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO)>N⁶-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). AR antagonists showed the following order of potency: 8-(m-bromostyryl)-3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (BS-DMPX)>1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX)>(R)-5,6-dimethyl-7-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-amine (SH-128)>3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX)>caffeine. The K_i values for antagonists were in accordance with data from binding studies with the agonist radioligand [³H]CGS21680, while agonist affinities were 3–7-fold lower. [³H]MSX-2 is a highly selective A_2A AR antagonist radioligand exhibiting a selectivity of at least two orders of magnitude versus all other AR subtypes. The new radioligand shows high specific radioactivity (85 Ci/mmol, 3150 GBq/mmol) and acceptable nonspecific binding at rat striatal membranes of 20–30%, at 1 nM.     

CA46细胞对Bcl-2反义核酸(F951)的摄取及F951在CA46细胞内的分布

针对Bcl 2mRNA的反义寡核苷酸能特异性地抑制靶细胞中Bcl 2基因的表达 ,下调Bcl 2mRNA和蛋白质的水平[1] 。F95 1是我所自行研制的不同于现有其它序列的针对癌基因Bcl 2mRNA的反义硫代磷酸寡脱氧核苷酸 ,本研究采用同位素技术研究了CA4 6细胞在体外对F95 1的摄取及F95 1在CA4 6细胞中的分布。1　材料与方法1.1　F95 1的来源与同位素标记　F95 1是与Bcl 2mRNA起始密码AUG附近的 18个核苷酸特异性互补的单链DNA ,经硫代修饰 ,委托中国国家原子能研究院同位素研究所行氚标记、纯化 ,比活度为～ 2 9 6GBq·g-1。1.2　CA4 6细胞的…