系统性红斑狼疮患者中检测ANCA临床意义的研究

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANcA）在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者中检测的临床意义。方法通过间接免疫荧光法和免疫印迹法分别检测了25例健康对照组和106例SLE患者血清中的ANCA、抗核抗体（ANA）、抗双链DNA抗体、抗-SmDI抗体。结果对照组测定均为阴性。SLE患者中ANCA阳性率为47．2％（50／106）,且均为环细胞核着色的核周型（pANCA）;在ANCA阳性组及ANCA阴性组中：ANA及抗-SmDl抗体阳性率分别为100％（50／50）、91．1％（51／56）：829／0（41／50）、67．9％（38／56）,P均〉0．05;抗ds—DNA抗体阳性率分别为94％（47／50）、50％（Z8／56）,P〈0．01。在活动性sLE（52例）和非活动性sLE（54例）中ANCA阳性率分别为84．6％（44／52）;11．1％（6／54）,P〈O．01。结论ANCA在sLE患者中检测与ANA及抗-SmD1抗体没有相关性,与抗ds—DNA抗体正相关,活动期SLE患者中ANCA阳性率明显高于非活动期的患者。     

抗心磷脂抗体在中青年脑梗死中的意义

目的　研究抗心磷脂抗体与中青年缺血性脑血管疾病关系。方法　以酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)对 76例脑梗死病人 (<5 0岁 39例 ,≥ 5 0岁 37例 ) ,2 5例非缺血性脑血管疾病病人及 15例正常人的血清抗心磷脂抗体 (ACL抗体 )进行测定。结果　 <5 0岁的脑梗死病人ACL抗体阳性率为 35 9% ,≥ 5 0岁的脑梗死病人ACL抗体阳性率 16 2 % ,对照组ACL抗体阳性率 7 5 %。 <5 0岁脑梗死病人的ACL抗体阳性率高于≥ 5 0岁的脑梗死病人及对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。≥ 5 0岁脑梗死病人ACL抗体阳性率与对照组无显著差异。说明临床上无任何自身免疫疾病中青年脑梗死病人与ACL抗体更密切相关。结论　ACL抗体是中青年脑血管疾病的重要危险因素 ,对中青年脑梗死病人应积极检测ACL抗体 ,提示除常规脑梗死治疗外 ,加入免疫抑制剂、血浆置换治疗有一定的积极意义。ACL抗体的检测为中青年脑血管病的一级预防提供可靠依据     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体在系统性红斑狼疮伴有血管炎病变中的临床意义

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)伴有血管炎病变中的临床意义。方法收集138例SLE住院病例的临床和实验室资料,间接免疫荧光(IIF)方法检测患者血清AN-CA,ANCA阳性者加做髓过氧物酶(MPO)、蛋白酶3(PR3)的酶联免疫检测(ELISA)。对患者进行SLEDAI评分评判疾病活动性,比较间接免疫荧光法检测ANCA阳性组与阴性组血管炎病变发生比率及疾病活动度有无差异。结果①间接免疫荧光法检测ANCA在SLE中的阳性率是15.2%,其中核周型ANCA阳性14.5%,胞浆型ANCA阳性0.7%;②SLE患者皮肤血管炎病变(包括面部红斑、结节红斑、雷诺现象、网状青斑、紫癜)发生率78.3%,肺间质病变(包括肺间质纤维化及出血性肺泡炎)发生率6.5%,肾脏病变(血尿及蛋白尿)发生率64.5%,ANCA阳性及ANCA阴性组SLE患者血管炎表现,包括皮肤血管炎(P=0.442)、肺间质病变(P=1.000)、肾脏病变(P=0.471)差异无统计学意义。③对所有SLE患者进行SLEDAI评分,ANCA阳性组及ANCA阴性组SLE活动性差异无统计学意义(P=0.879)。结论采用间接免疫荧光法检测ANCA的结果与SLE血管炎表现及病情活动无明显相关性。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清γ干扰素诱导的蛋白10表达水平与疾病活动的关系

目的　探讨血清γ干扰素诱导的蛋白 10 (IP 10 )水平 ,与红斑狼疮 (SLE)疾病活动的关系及其在SLE肾损伤中的可能作用。方法　收集了 112例SLE患者及 4 0名正常健康人和 30例类风湿性关节炎 (RA)患者血清。应用ELISA测定血清IP 10水平。结果　SLE活动组血清IP 10水平 (5 0 8 7± 2 5 2 4 ) μg/L较非活动组 (32 2 2± 95 9) μg/L和对照组 (12 4 9± 4 1 3) μg/L明显升高 (P<0 0 0 1)。活动性狼疮肾炎 (LN)组IP 10水平 (5 5 0 9± 2 0 6 1) μg/L与活动性无肾损伤组 (35 4 8±10 5 3) μg/L及对照组比较其差异均具有统计学意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。特别是Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型LN患者血清IP 10水平 (6 2 9 85± 16 4 ) μg/L升高最为显著 ,与Ⅱ型和Ⅴ型LN(30 2 9± 2 0 7 1) μg/L相比其差异具有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。另外 ,血清IP 10水平随着SLE疾病活动水平明显升高 ,与总的SLEDAI评分密切相关 (r=0 6 312 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,与SLEDAI肾评分亦密切相关 (r =0 6 880 ,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　以上结果表明IP 10可能在SLE肾损伤中起着十分重要的作用 ,血清IP 10水平与SLE疾病活动密切相关 ,可作为SLE疾病活动、尤其是监测狼疮肾损伤的重要指标。     

血栓调节蛋白在弥散性血管内凝血中的意义

目的　检测弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC)患者血浆中的血栓调节蛋白 (TM)水平 ,探讨它对DIC的诊断和预后判断的意义。方法　在患者入院后第 1、2、3、5、7天 ,通过ELISA方法检测 1 2例DIC患者和 1 8例非DIC患者的血浆TM水平。结果　DIC患者的血浆TM水平 (77 83± 1 1 46ng/mL)明显高于非DIC患者 (56 56± 1 6 31ng/mL)且P <0 0 0 1。预后不良者 (1 4例 )与预后良好者 (1 6例 )相比 ,血浆TM水平显著升高 (P <0 0 0 1 )。结论　DIC早期即发生血浆血栓调节蛋白 (TM)水平升高 ,表明患者存在血管内皮细胞损伤。检测血浆TM水平对DIC的诊断和预后判断具有一定的意义     

白细胞介素-18与系统性红斑狼疮活动性关系探讨

目的进一步证实系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清中IL-18的水平与SLE活动性的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测了38例SLE患者在活动期和治疗后稳定期及30例对照血清中IL-18的水平,观察IL-18与SLE疾病活动指数标准(SLEDAI)及其它疾病活动指标[血沉(ESR),抗双链-DNA(ds-DNA)抗体,补体C3和C4及总补体CH50]的相关性。结果(1)活动期和治疗后稳定期SLE患者血清中IL-18水平[分别为(754.2±314.8)pg/ml,(311.5±256.7)pg/ml]显著高于健康对照组[(108.4±12.6)pg/ml];活动期SLE患者血清中IL-18水平显著高于稳定期患者(P<0.05)。(2)在活动期SLE患者,血清中IL-18水平分别与抗ds-DNA抗体滴度和SLEDAI评分呈现显著的正相关(均P<0.05)。与ESR,C3,C4和CH50等其它实验室指标无显著相关性(均P>0.05)。而活动期SLEDAI评分分别与C3、CH50和抗ds-DNA抗体滴度呈显著的相关性(均P<0.05)。(3)活动期和治疗后稳定期SLE患者血清中IL-18水平变化结果与SLEDAI评分变化结果呈现显著相关性(r=0.46,P<0.05)。结论IL-18水平在SLE中升高,与SLE活动性呈现显著正相关,检测IL-18可以作为诊断SLE活动性的有效的指标之一。     

间接ELISA检测抗中性粒细胞胞浆总抗体及其临床意义

目的　建立检测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体 (ANCA)的间接酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) ,观察韦格纳氏 /多血管炎、系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)、肾炎和溃疡性结肠炎患者中ACNA的存在状况。方法　用建立的ELISA法检测 10 0例韦格纳氏 /多血管炎、SLE、肾炎或溃疡性结肠炎患者血清中的ANCA ,同时以特异性MPO ANCA及PR3 ANCA为对照。结果　阳性参考血清批内变异系数 (CV)和批间CV分别为 0 .0 6 1%和 0 .10 2 %。用抗原吸收后吸光度 (A)降低明显。总ANCA在韦格纳氏 /多血管炎患者中的阳性率为 4 3.8% ,高于SLE、肾炎和溃疡性结肠炎患者 (分别为 15 .2 %、2 3.1%和 2 5 % ) ,而 5 2份正常人血清均为阴性。用特异性MPO ANCA及PR3 ANCA与ELISA检测总ANCA结果比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　ANCA可作为韦格纳氏 /多血管炎的血清学标志 ,ELISA检测总ANCA可克服间接免疫荧光法的不足 ,灵敏度高 ,适于大样本的ANCA检测。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清25-OH-D、ANCA水平与疾病活动程度的相关性分析

目的研究系统性红斑狼疮患者(Systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)血清25-OH-D、ANCA水平与疾病活动程度的相关性关系。方法选取我院2017年1月-2019年1月接收的100例符合入组及排除标准的SLE患者作为SLE组,并依据SLEDAI标准将SLE分为活动期和非活动期,另外,选取100例健康对照组患者作为研究对象。按照25-OH-D、ANCA各自试剂盒的说明书检测受试者血清中25-OH-D、ANCA水平;采用Forward Logistic回归分析25-OH-D、ANCA与SLE活动度的关系。结果 SLE组患者血清中25-OH-D水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而ANCA水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);SLE活动期患者血清中25-OH-D水平显著低于SLE非活动期,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而SLE活动期患者血清中ANCA水平明显高于SLE非活动期,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);25-OH-D水平与SLE活动性呈负相关,ANCA水平与SLE活动性呈正相关。结论活动期SLE患者血清中25-OH-D水平显著低于非活动期而ANCA水平显著高于非活动期患者,且25-OH-D、ANCA水平升高是导致SLE活动期的独立性影响因素。     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体的间接免疫荧光法检测

目的 建立简便、准确的抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体检测方法。方法 用2％冰醋酸破坏红细胞提取白细胞制得白细胞抗原片，以1：40稀释的抗人IgG荧光抗体进行染色，检测80例SLE患者及40例正常对照组血清的抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体，并与德国欧蒙公司提供的ANCA试剂盒进行对比试验。结果 80例SLE患者血清中检出13例P－ANCA阳性，阳性率16．2％，与进口试剂结果相一致。结论 ①研制的ANCA间接免疫荧光检测方法结果可靠、操作简便；②ANCA的检测对系统性红斑狼疮伴发小血管炎的诊断有一定的价值。     

自身抗体联合检测对糖尿病肾病诊断的应用价值

目的探讨联合检测抗心磷脂抗体(ACLA)、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)、抗肾小球基底膜(GBM)抗体及C反应蛋白(CRP)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、微量白蛋白(mAlb)在糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用价值,为糖尿病肾病的临床诊断和治疗提供依据。方法收集56例糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清标本作为糖尿病肾病组、40例健康人血清作为对照组。采用ELISA法检测标本血清中ACLA,采用IIF法检测ANCA和抗GBM抗体,采用免疫比浊法测定CRP、Cys C和mAlb。结果进行统计学分析。结果糖尿病肾病组血清中ACLA和ANCA的阳性率较对照组显著增高(P0.01),抗GBM抗体的阳性率也较对照组明显增高(P0.05);DN组CRP、Cys C和U-mAlb的水平较非DN组均明显增高,两组有显著性差异(P0.01);联合检测ACLA、ANCA和抗GBM抗体的阳性率较单独检测明显升高(P0.05或P0.01)。结论联合检测血清中ACLA、ANCA和抗GBM抗体可提高糖尿病肾病诊断的阳性率,对糖尿病肾病的诊断具有重要应用价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.