超声造影引导下经皮肝穿刺对于肝脏局灶病变的诊断价值

目的 旨在评估超声造影引导下经皮肝穿刺活检对于肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年6月到2020年5月鼓楼医院肝穿刺活检354例患者共401个病灶。354例患者分为两组,A组为超声引导下经皮肝穿刺65患者77个病灶,B组为超声造影引导下经皮肝穿刺289例患者324个病灶。通过对比分析两组不同诊断准确率来评价穿刺前超声造影的价值。结果 超声造影穿刺组总的诊断准确性优于超声穿刺组（95.1% vs85.7%, P=0.003）,对于恶性诊断性超声造影穿刺优于未造影穿刺组（95.3% vs 84.7%, P =0.008）。超声造影穿刺组的特异性和阳性预测值强于未造影穿刺组（83.8%和64.0%,P=0.036;95.3%vs 84.7%,P=0.008）。特别对于小于2厘米的病灶,超声造影穿刺组（96.3%,52/54）诊断精确性明显优于A组(74.1% ,20/27),X2=6.891,P=0.009。结论 超声造影引导下穿刺肝脏局灶性病变是一种风险低、操作方便且能明显提高诊断率的诊断技术,特别对于小于2厘米的病灶更具诊断优势。     

肝脏局灶性小病变的超声造影研究

目的提高超声造影检查肝脏局灶性病变的诊断准确率。方法对46例肝脏局灶性小病变患者(直径≤3.0cm)行常规超声和超声造影检查,结果与病理检查和增强CT(15例)对比分析。结果常规超声检查显示,低回声29例,等回声4例,高回声12例,周围有声晕6例,漏诊肝细胞性肝癌1例。46例肝脏局灶性小病变的常规超声、超声造影及增强CT的诊断准确率分别为65.2%、95.6%及73.3%。肝脏局灶性小病变大部分病灶具有典型的增强模式。结论超声造影能够提供肝局灶性病变的血流灌注,明显优于常规超声,可作为定性诊断肝脏局灶性病变的一种可靠的新手段。     

常规超声和超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变定性诊断的有用性评估

目的评估常规超声(B型超声 彩色多普勒超声)和超声造影(CEUS)在肝脏局灶性病变(FLL)定性诊断中的有用性。方法模拟日常超声检查工作情景检测常规超声和CEUS对305例FLL的定性诊断性能和诊断者的信心强度。CEUS采用造影剂SonoVue和对比脉冲序列成像技术。结果常规超声和CEUS的诊断正确率对肝细胞性肝癌分别为86.8%、88.6%,对转移性肝癌分别为97.6%、99.2%。对肝内胆管癌、血管瘤、局灶性结节增生、肝硬化结节、不均匀脂肪肝和其他病变,诊断正确率常规超声为26.2%～71.9%,CEUS为46.4%～92.9%,可相应提高19～25个百分点。对所有病变,CEUS均较大幅度地增强了诊断者的信心强度。结论在病灶回声表现典型、同时存在有力支持诊断的临床资料和伴随声像的条件下,常规超声定性诊断FLL的准确程度与CEUS相当,并不一定需要做造影检查。如不具备上述条件,CEUS是值得推荐的。     

Complications after interventional sonography of focal liver lesions: a 22-year single-center experience.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the complications of diagnostic and therapeutic sonographically guided interventional procedures of focal liver lesions observed during a 22-year period in a single center. METHODS: Complications of sonographically guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on focal liver lesions, observed during a 22-year period in a single center, were reviewed. From 1979 to 2001, 13,222 patients (age range, 7-89 years; mean, 59 years; 8,688 male and 4,534 female) with 13,777 focal liver lesions underwent 16,648 sonographically guided biopsies and 3,035 therapeutic procedures: pyogenic and amebic abscess aspiration, ethanol injection of hydatid liver cysts, and percutaneous ablative treatments (ethanol injection in either multiple or one-shot sessions, radio frequency ablation, and interstitial laser photocoagulation) of primary and secondary liver tumors. RESULTS: The overall mortality was 0.06%. No death or major complication occurred after diagnostic procedures and liver abscess drainage. In the therapeutic group mortality was 0.6%: 1 patient died of anaphylactic shock during treatment of a hydatid cyst; 7 patients died after liver tumor ablation with ethanol injection (6 after one-shot treatments and 1 after multisession treatments). Major complications after liver tumor ablative procedures included 10 cases of acute liver failure, 2 cases of acute tubular necrosis, 2 cases of self-limiting hemoperitoneum, 2 cases of paralytic ileum, 2 abscesses, and 1 case of cholangitis. One case of a biliary cyst fistula and 1 case of intracystic hemorrhage occurred after treatment of hydatid liver cysts. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided diagnostic biopsy of focal liver lesions and liver abscess drainage are safe procedures. In contrast, liver tumor ablation procedures have a low but definite risk of mortality and major complications. Puncture of hydatid cysts must be performed only in institutions that can treat anaphylactic shock.     

MR扩散加权与BLADE-T2-SPAIR对肝脏局灶性病变检出的比较研究

目的 比较磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI) 与刀锋伪影校正(BLADE)技术、精确频率反转恢复(spectral presaturation attenuatedinversion recovery,SPAIR) T2压脂序列对肝脏局灶性病变的检出效能.方法 选择BL...     

超声造影诊断肝脏多发性病灶

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)在肝脏多发性病灶中的应用价值.方法 对43例肝脏多发性病灶患者(共86个病灶)行CEUS检查,观察其造影增强模式.所有病灶均经病理或增强CT/MRI证实.结果 43例患者中恶性22例,良性21例.恶性患者中,同一患者的2个病灶增强模式不同者10例(10/22,45.45%);良性患者中,同一患者的2个病灶增强模式不同者3例(3/21,14.29%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在肝脏多发性病灶患者中,恶性患者各病灶CEUS增强模式差异较大,而良性患者各病灶的增强模式基本相同.     

Utility of sonography for small hepatic lesions found on computed tomography in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of sonography in evaluating small indeterminate liver lesions detected on computed tomography in patients with cancer. METHODS: Radiology database review from January 1, 1998, to August 4, 2000, identified 76 patients with 124 indeterminate hepatic lesions smaller than 1.5 cm on computed tomography who had abdominal sonography within 3 months. Sonographic reports and images were reviewed to assess whether lesions were referenced or specifically sought and to verify lesion correspondence, detection, and characterization. The validity of sonographic characterization was determined by histopathologic examination or follow-up imaging (mean time to follow up, 17 months; range, 6.5-38.8 months). RESULTS: Sixty (48%) of 124 indeterminate lesions were evident on sonography. Detection improved when lesions were specifically sought and lesion size was greater than 0.5 cm. Forty (66%) of 61 lesions were detected when the radiologist referenced the preceding computed tomography versus 20 (32%) of 63 lesions when the computed tomographic findings were not referenced (P = .0004). Fifty-one (67%) of 76 lesions measuring 0.6 to 1.5 cm were detected on sonography versus 9 (19%) of 48 lesions measuring 0.1 to 0.5 cm. Lesion size (P < .0001) and body habitus (P = .02) were significant factors influencing lesion detection. Sonography characterized 56 (93%) of 60 detected lesions (33 cysts, 18 solid lesions/metastases, and 5 hemangiomas). Sonographic diagnoses were supported in 42 (93%) of 45 lesions by follow-up imaging (37 of 40) or histopathologic examination (5 of 5). CONCLUSIONS: Sonography may be useful in cancer patients with average body habitus to characterize small (0.6- to 1.5-cm) indeterminate liver lesions detected on computed tomography.     

Hepatic involvement in hypereosinophilia: sonographic findings.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome may cause eosinophil-related tissue damage to various organs. The purpose of this paper is to describe sonographic findings in 13 patients with hypereosinophilia in whom the liver was involved. The diagnosis in these 13 patients was based on liver biopsy in seven patients with bone marrow biopsy in six patients. Eight patients had hypereosinophilic syndrome and five patients had clonorchiasis. All 13 patients had mild to marked hepatomegaly. Seven of 13 patients showed multiple round or oval hypoechoic (n = 6) or variably echogenic (n = 1) lesions measuring 1 to 2 cm with poorly defined margins in both lobes of the liver. Four patients had one or two hypoechoic lesions 3 to 4 cm in size, with geographic pattern and poorly defined margins. Two patients showed diffuse hepatomegaly with increased parenchymal echogenicity. The number of lesions and the extent of diffuse lesions seem to be proportional to the degree of eosinophilia. Hypereosinophilia may produce multiple small focal hepatic lesions or diffuse segmental or lobar echogenic lesions simulating primary or metastatic tumor of the liver.     

SonoLiver时间强度曲线在肝脏局灶性占位病变超声造影中的应用价值

目的探讨SonoLiver时间强度曲线在肝脏局灶性占位病变超声造影中的应用价值。方法对72例二维超声发现的肝脏占位性病变患者(良性组38例,恶性组34例)行超声造影检查。利用SonoLiver软件分别对两组患者超声造影的动态过程进行分析,得到动态血管模式曲线(DVP)及时间强度曲线,分析两组局灶性病变的动态血流灌注特点,计算出两组局灶性病变的峰值强度(IMAX)、上升时间(RT)、达峰时间(TTP)、上升支斜率、下降支斜率的绝对值,并行统计学分析。结果良、恶性两组间的血流灌注特点不同。时间强度曲线示良性组IMAX为(116.96±42.54)%,明显小于恶性组的(221.79±73.83)%(P<0.01);良性组RT为(46.84±13.07)s,明显长于恶性组的(23.30±8.36)s(P<0.01);良性组TTP为(55.74±12.95)s,明显长于恶性组的(26.42±9.52)s(P<0.01);良性组上升支斜率(2.36±0.91)%/s,明显小于恶性组的(8.36±3.34)%/s(P<0.01);良性组下降支斜率的绝对值为(0.74±0.32)%/s,明显小于恶性组的(2.06±0.97)%/s(P<0.01)。结论利用SonoLiver软件分析的时间强度曲线可以对肝脏局灶性占位性病变进行量化分析,并有较好的临床应用价值。     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术鉴别诊断肝脏良恶性局灶性病变

目的探讨声脉冲辐射力成像技术(ARFI)对肝脏良恶性局灶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法对64例患者76个肝脏局灶性病变进行ARFI检查并分析,包括声触诊组织成像技术(VTI)和声触诊组织量化技术(VTQ)。所有患者均经手术或穿刺病理证实或两种增强影像学检查(CEUS、CT、MRI)确诊。采用ROC曲线评价剪切波速(SWV)对肝脏局灶性病变良恶性的鉴别诊断价值,并确定临界点。结果 VTI声像图中,31个(31/40,77.50%)恶性病灶和13个(13/36,36.11%)良性病灶呈灰黑色(P<0.05);良性病灶SWV明显低于恶性病灶[(1.67±0.61)m/s vs(2.80±1.07)m/s,P<0.01)。以SWV=2.04m/s为临界点鉴别肝脏局灶性病变的良恶性,其敏感度、特异度和准确率分别是82.50%、80.60%和81.58%。结论 ARFI有助于鉴别诊断肝脏良恶性局灶性病变,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

脂肪肝背景下肝小血管瘤的超声造影诊断研究

目的 应用超声造影观察不同回声型小血管瘤的灌注及其回声变化规律,探讨超声造影对重度脂肪肝患者伴发肝血管瘤的诊断价值.方法 对25例常规超声不能明确定性或CT检查漏诊的典型脂肪肝伴疑诊肝小血管瘤患者的27个病灶,采用超声造影进一步检查,并与增强CT或MRI结果 比较.结果 注射造影剂后平均(17.0±4.4)s病灶开始出现回声增强,12个(12/17)直径≤2 cm的病灶呈现整体均匀或不均匀增强,边界较清晰,回声明显强于周围脂肪肝组织背景或呈现强回声"淹没征";8个(8/10)直径＞2.0 cm的病灶表现由周边向中心呈"片状"或"环状"不规则增强;1例CT未显示的直径1.3 cm的弱回声病灶注射造影剂后12 s出现边缘增强,持续至6 min肝实质期开始消退.直径＞2 cm与≤2 cm病灶超声造影剂增强时间差异无统计学意义.结论 超声造影有助于提高脂肪肝背景下伴发肝小血管瘤的定性诊断.     

声触诊组织量化技术在肝脏局灶性病变中的初步应用

目的探讨声触诊组织量化技术（VTQ）在肝脏局灶性病变中的初步应用价值。方法对97例肝脏局灶性病变的患者进行VTQ检查,对各病变组和对应肝背景VTQ值,良恶性病变VTQ值进行对比分析,应用ROC曲线计算鉴别肝脏良恶性占位VTQ测值的阈值。结果原发性肝癌、转移性肝癌及肝血管瘤与各对应肝背景VTQ值比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,血管瘤与原发性肝癌及转移性肝癌VTQ值比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。良性病变与恶性病变VTQ值比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。ROC曲线分析阈值,当VTQ值≥1．85m／s时,肝脏局灶性病变诊断为恶性的敏感度和特异度均为78％,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为80％和77％。结论VTQ可用于肝脏局灶性病变的检测,有助于鉴别肝脏局灶性病变的良恶性。     

Hypoechoic focal liver lesions: characterization with contrast enhanced ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the late sinusoidal phase of contrast enhancement with a 2nd-generation ultrasound contrast enhanced medium in the characterization of hypoechoic focal liver lesions. METHODS: We studied 88 hypoechoic liver lesions (diameter range, 1-18 cm; with 18 lesions 2 cm or less) found on conventional grayscale sonography (US) with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Final diagnosis was made using contrast enhanced helical CT, contrast enhanced MR, angiography (DSA), and/or histopathic confirmation or clinical imaging follow-up. RESULTS: There were 37/88 benign lesions demonstrated: 17 cavernous hemangiomas, 3 capillary hemangiomas, 11 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH), 3 focal areas of sparing in hepatic steatosis, 2 adenomas, and 1 intrahepatic necrotic area. Malignant lesions demonstrated included 51/88: 27 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in cirrhosis, 11 metastatic carcinomas, 10 metastatic endocrine tumors, 2 cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCC) and 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). CEUS characterized 30/37 (81%) benign lesions and 45/51 (88%) malignant lesions. On the basis of the results obtained during the sinusoidal contrast enhanced phase of CEUS, diagnosis of benignancy was possible in 35/37 (95%) of benign liver lesions and diagnosis of malignancy in 49/51 (96%) of malignant liver lesions. The enhancement pattern of 13 small (< or = 2 cm in diameter) hypervascular liver lesions (3 capillary hemangiomas, 2 FNHs, 4 HCCs, 4 metastatic endocrine tumors) was better demonstrated on CEUS than on helical CT. In these cases the hyper vascularization of the lesions shown on CEUS was not confirmed on CT. CONCLUSIONS: CEUS distinguished malignant from benign hypoechoic liver lesions with an accuracy of 95%.     

菲立磁在肝脏局灶性病变中的诊断价值

目的:探讨网状内皮系统特异性造影剂——菲立磁增强肝脏扫描在诊断肝脏局灶性病变中的应用。方法:对36例肝脏局灶性病变患者于菲立磁增强前、增强后30分钟、3小时、6小时分别进行肝脏T1W-FLASH,T2W-TSE的扫描。测量增强前、后肝脏实质、病灶及背景的信号强度(SI),计算增强前、后病灶-肝脏对比噪声比(CNR)。结果:增强后肝脏信号强度在T2W上明显下降(P<0.01)。在T1W上下降不明显。肝脏恶性肿瘤信号强度增强前后无明显变化。TSE-T2W序列上CNR明显提高(较平扫提高58%)。增强后较平扫时多检出5个病灶,病灶最小直径为1cm。结论:①菲立磁增强肝脏扫描可提高CNR值,提高病灶检出率。②具有较强的特异性,可协助治疗方案的制订。     

The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for focal liver lesion detection: an overview

The development of new ultrasound (US) contrast agents and sonographic techniques has considerably improved the possibilities of ultrasound in the assessment of liver tumors. An overview is given on diagnostic potential of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and real-time low mechanical index technique in the detection of various focal liver lesions compared with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or intraoperative US. In two of our own studies that included 100 patients each we showed an increase of correct findings in CEUS compared with B-mode US from 64% to 87% and from 67% to 84% as confirmed by intraoperative evaluation of the liver. Especially after chemotherapy and in the case of small metastases, significantly more metastases were correctly detected by CEUS compared with B-mode US. These results and clinical study results in the literature show that CEUS allows tumor detection and direct visualization of the tumor vascularity and put contrast-enhanced sonography among recommended noninvasive imaging methods for focal liver lesions with improvements in diagnostic strategy.     

肝脏蠕虫蚴移行症的超声表现

目的总结肝脏蠕虫蚴移行症（LLM）的临床及超声表现特征。方法对10例肝脏蠕虫蚴移行症患者的超声影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果10例患者中8例肝脏轻度肿大,2例肝脏大小正常;肝实质内多发斑片状异常低回声灶46个,其中31个病灶分布于肝脏外围包膜下,直径5—61mm,平均36．9mm,边界清晰或欠清晰,内部回声均匀;37个病灶内见门静脉分支穿行;动态观测病灶具有移行性8例,未见病灶明确移行性2例;10例经驱虫治疗病灶逐渐吸收缩小,直至消失。结论超声检查发现位于肝脏外围实质,呈斑片状低回声、病灶具有移行性的肝内幼虫移行灶,结合临床,有助于作出肝脏蠕虫蚴移行症的正确诊断。     

肝脏超声造影的优点及局限性探讨(附60例临床分析)

目的通过对比观察常规超声检查与超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断结果,探讨肝脏超声造影的优点及局限性。方法采用国外临床超声诊断模式,由一名医师对60例肝脏局灶性病变患者分别采用常规超声及超声造影进行检查,探测过程全部动态存档并标记。对两组资料进行无规则编排后,由另一名资深医师进行诊断。结果普通超声检查法诊断符合率为83.3％,超声造影法诊断符合率为90．0％,二者差别无统计学意义。结论超声造影技术对部分肝脏局灶性病变的显示有较特异性的表现,但本研究显示,对于最后诊断超声造影与常规超声检查的差别无统计学意义。     

超声造影对Budd-Chiari综合征合并肝脏局灶性结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)合并肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影鉴别诊断要点.方法 回顾性分析36例BCS合并肝局灶性结节患者的常规超声及超声造影图像,并结合临床病理检查和增强CT及MRI成像等其他影像学检查资料分析.结果 36例BCS患者中11例合并肝癌结节,25例合并增生结节.其中BCS合并肝癌结节超声造影模式为典型的"快进快出",BCS合并增生结节的超声造影表现是多样化的,可分为3型.Ⅰ型增生结节超声造影3个时相与周围肝实质相比均呈等增强;Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型虽然造影特点不同,Ⅱ型动脉相呈离心性增强,Ⅲ型动脉相呈环状向心性增强,但延迟相均较周围肝实质呈等增强或部分高增强.结论 BCS合并肝脏局灶性结节超声造影表现呈多样化,超声造影对鉴别结节良恶性有重要价值.     

超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变检测中的价值

随着新的超声造影剂及声学技术的发展,超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断有较高的准确性,为临床肝病的检测提供了新的应用前景。本文就低机械指数超声造影与常规超声、增强CT/MRI对比在检测各种肝局灶性病变的诊断及其诊断潜力方面作一综述。     

肝硬化背景下肝局灶性小病变超声造影诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影对肝硬化背景下肝局灶性小病变的诊断价值。方法采用造影剂SonoVue和低机械指数超声造影,观察33例肝硬化背景下吖疑肝局灶性病变40个病灶不同时相的增强表现。结果恶性病变超声造影表现为动脉相呈高增强,门脉相呈等或低增强,延迟相呈低增强;良性病变超声造影表现为门脉相和延迟相出现持续增强,动脉相无增强。本组超声造影诊断准确率97．5％,假阴性5．26％。结论超声造影能提高肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断率。