非酒精性脂肪性肝病分子机制研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是一种以肝细胞脂肪变性和脂质沉积为特征,但无过量饮酒史的临床综合征。NAFLD疾病谱包括非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、NASH相关肝纤维化和肝硬化。NAFLD的发病机制较为复杂,至今尚未完全阐明。本文就近年NAFLD分子机制研究的新进展,包括胰岛素抵抗(IR)、肝脂肪变性、氧化应激等方面作一综述。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制研究进展

1980年,Ludwig等首先命名了非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH),并将其认为是代谢综合征的特征之一。他们认为NASH的主体框架为脂肪肝+小叶性肝炎+非酒精性的慢性转氨酶升高。而且,此综合征与肥胖、2型糖尿病、高脂血症关系     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制及其相关基因研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病是遗传、环境、代谢相关性疾病,为西方国家最常见的慢性肝病,在我国是继病毒性肝炎后第二位的常见肝病,常与肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压等代谢综合征并存。近几年,非酒精性脂肪性肝病与遗传的关系越来越受到关注。本文重点讨论非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病机制及其相关基因的近期研究进展。     

肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝发病中的研究进展

<正>非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)包括单纯性脂肪肝(SFL)以及由其演变的脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和肝硬化。流行病学研究发现,NAFLD患病率为20%~33%,在肥胖人群中的发病率高达75%~100%~(〔1〕),近年本病发病率增长迅速且呈低龄化发病趋势~(〔2〕)。目前普遍认为NAFLD是一种遗传-环境-代谢-应激相关性疾病~(〔3〕),与肥胖、2型糖尿病、高脂血症、代谢综合征密切     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制和临床治疗研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是指包括单纯性脂肪肝(NAFL)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肝纤维化和肝细胞癌的一系列不同程度的肝脏损伤[1]。随着人们生活方式的改变以及代谢综合征的流行,NAFLD全球发病率高达25%,亚洲发病率约为27%。NAFLD的流行给人民健康和社会经济带来沉重负担[2]。越来越多的研究表明,NAFLD是一种多系统疾病,不仅影响肝脏结构和功能,而且会增加2型糖尿病、心脑血管疾病以及慢性肾病的发病几率[3]。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的代谢发病机制

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是常见的慢性肝脏疾病,往往与肥胖、高血糖症、高脂血症、高胰岛素血症、高血压病等胰岛素抵抗相关性疾病并存,严重威胁着人类的健康.本文主要从代谢网络调控角度探讨NAFLD与机体糖、脂代谢间的相关性,并提出运用现代代谢组学的方法研究两者之间的可能内在关系,旨在为临床诊断和治疗提供依据.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎肝硬化发病机制研究进展与展望

正在过去几十年里,非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发病率迅速增加。NAFLD包括单纯性脂肪肝(SFL)和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)两种。SFL一般是指单纯肝细胞的脂肪积累,并无肝组织的炎症和坏死,但随着时间的推移和认识的提高,发现它与代谢综合征及2型糖尿病关系密切。值得注意的是在一定条件下,如肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、细胞因子(脂联素、瘦素、TNF-α、SREBP、MLCK、RBP4、性激     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关肝细胞癌发病机制研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是目前临床上最常见的慢性肝病之一,NAFLD相关肝细胞癌（NAFLD-HCC）的发病率也逐年上升。众多因素参与了NAFLD-HCC的发生发展,但其具体的发病机制还不清楚。本文重点介绍近年有关其发病机制的研究进展。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关肝细胞癌发病机制的研究进展

随着肥胖及与肥胖相关的代谢综合征的全球性流行,非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和(或)非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的发病率日益增高,NAFLD和(或)NASH相关肝细胞癌的发病率也显著上升,并逐渐成为肝癌的主要病因之一。目前NAFLD和(或)NASH相关肝细胞癌的发病机制尚不明确,遗传、代谢、免疫和肠道菌群等因素可能...     

Understanding mechanisms of the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A central issue in the understanding of the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the problem of the underlying mechanisms which are not fully understood.In the setting of excessive central adiposity,insulin resistance is the major underlying cause of fat accumulation in hepatocytes.Because of the difficulties with human trials,several animal models have been developed for this purpose mainly characterized as follows:genetically disturbed or murine fatty liver,methionine-choline deficient diet...     

Insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions in most of the western world. Current estimates suggest that 22.5%of the population of the United States suffers from obesity and is at risk for development of obesity-related complications, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia,increased predisposition for various cancers, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Fatty liver disease is currently the most common abnormality observed in hepatology practice. Since it was first reported in the 1980s in obese diabetic females, our understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has undergone significant metamorphosis. It is now universally accepted that insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia are key factors that lead to both NAFL and NASH.This article reviews the role of insulin resistance in the genesis of these conditions.     

Current concepts in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized cause of chronic liver disease, representing the leading cause of hepatology referral in some centres. However, its pathophysiology is not completely understood. Insulin resistance is one of the major mechanisms involved in disease prevalence and progression. Owing to the lack of an effective pharmacological therapy, recommendations on treatment are scarce and are based mainly on lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise. A review of the current literature on pathogenesis of NAFLD is presented in this article.     

Ghrelin-ghrelin O-acyltransferase system in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is currently considered as the most common liver disease in Western countries,and is rapidly becoming a serious threat to public health worldwide.However,the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of NAFLD are still not fully understood.The ghrelin-ghrelin O-acyltransferase(GOAT) system has recently been found to play a crucial role in both the development of steatosis and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Ghrelin,the natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor,is a 28-amino acid peptide possessing a unique acylation on the serine in position 3 catalyzed by GOAT.The ghrelin-GOAT system is involved in insulin resistance,lipid metabolism dysfunction,and inflammation,all of which play important roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.A better understanding of ghrelin-GOAT system biology led to the identification of its potential roles in NAFLD.Molecular targets modulating ghrelin-GOAT levels and the biologic effects are being studied,which provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD.This review probes into the possible relationship between the ghrelin-GOAT system and NAFLD,and considers the potential mechanisms by which the ghrelin-GOAT system brings about insulin resistance and other aspects concerning NAFLD.     

Ghrelin-ghrelin O-acyltransferase system in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is currently considered as the most common liver disease in Western countries,and is rapidly becoming a serious threat to public health worldwide.However,the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of NAFLD are still not fully understood.The ghrelin-ghrelin O-acyltransferase(GOAT) system has recently been found to play a crucial role in both the development of steatosis and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Ghrelin,the natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor,is a 28-amino acid peptide possessing a unique acylation on the serine in position 3 catalyzed by GOAT.The ghrelin-GOAT system is involved in insulin resistance,lipid metabolism dysfunction,and inflammation,all of which play important roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.A better understanding of ghrelin-GOAT system biology led to the identification of its potential roles in NAFLD.Molecular targets modulating ghrelin-GOAT levels and the biologic effects are being studied,which provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD.This review probes into the possible relationship between the ghrelin-GOAT system and NAFLD,and considers the potential mechanisms by which the ghrelin-GOAT system brings about insulin resistance and other aspects concerning NAFLD.     

性激素在非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制中的作用

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是一类由遗传-环境-代谢应激相关因素所致的,以弥漫性肝细胞大泡性脂肪变性和肝小叶内炎症为主要特征的临床病理综合征.近年来,随着研究深入,发现NAFLD不仅与肝脏脂质代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)、氧化应激、内毒素血症等相关,其发生还存在明显性别差异,推测其可能与不同性别间性激素水平、肝脂代谢差异以及糖脂代谢酶表达及活性差异等多种因素相关[1].现结合近年来国内外最新文献,就性激素在NAFLD患者中的变化及其对NAFLD发病的影响和作用机制作一简要综述. 一、NAFLD流行病学与性别差异 Hepatology于2011年发表了澳大利亚一项最新研究结果,1170例青少年中,NAFLD发病率为12.8％,其中男女比例约为1:1.6[2].该结论与多项国内外研究结果显示的男性脂肪肝患病率高于女性相悖,分析其原因可能与不同研究人口基础特征、ALT水平及不同性别人群肥胖比例差异等相关[3].有关NAFLD性别差异的研究结果显示,整体人群中,男性NAFLD患者高于女性,但青春期前及50岁以后女性发病率明显高过男性,说明女性激素可能对生育期女性脂肪肝的发生起保护作用.     

胰岛素抵抗在非酒精性脂肪肝发病中的作用

目的:探讨胰岛素抵抗(IR)在非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFL)大鼠脂肪肝模型中的作用机制.方法:大鼠随机分为空白对照组,脂肪肝模型对照组(模型+生理盐水组)和脂肪肝实验组(模型+罗格列酮组).其中脂肪肝模型对照组和脂肪肝实验组分别予生理盐水和马来酸罗格列酮干预治疗4wk.观察各组大鼠肝脏大体形态和组织学改变;检测空腹血糖(FPG),空腹血胰岛素水平(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI);检测血浆ApoCⅡ、ApoCⅢ水平及血浆脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)、肝脂肪酶(HL)活性和大鼠肝组织ApoB-100mRNA的表达量.结果:治疗前,脂肪肝组大鼠(包括脂肪肝模型组和脂肪肝实验组)与空白对照组大鼠比较,肝脏组织学改变达到脂肪肝诊断标准,FPG、FINS明显升高(6.46mmol/L±0.75mmol/L,6.61mmol/L±0.45mmol/L vs5.48mmol/L±0.47mmol/L;78.82mU/L±11.13mU/L,78.48mU/L±12.94mU/Lvs40.90mU/L±7.76mU/L),IR也明显升高(22.48±2.81,22.98±3.47vs9.85±1.15),血浆ApoCⅡ水平降低...     

Mechanisms of Disease: pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, which is produced by a complex interaction between genetic factors, macronutrient intake and lifestyle that alters the cytokine profile, cell biology and biochemical milieu of the liver, adipose tissue and striated muscle. The resultant disequilibrium in lipid homeostasis causes triglycerides to accumulate in the liver. An increase in oxidative stress, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species as a result of mitochondrial abnormalities and induction of the cytochrome P-450 system could be one mechanism by which the nonalcoholic fatty liver develops into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of cytologic ballooning and Mallory body formation and their role in NAFLD remain to be defined. In addition, inflammation and fibrosis are likely to be secondary to hepatocyte injury and death.     

Kupffer细胞在非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制中的作用

Kupffer细胞是肝脏的非实质细胞,具有分泌细胞因子及吞噬、免疫等功能,并与多种肝脏疾病如肝损伤、肝纤维化、肝硬化等密切相关。近年来,国内外学者对其在非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）发生机制中的作用给予高度重视。本文从脂质代谢、信号蛋白变化、活性氧、抗原递呈等方面对Kupffer细胞在NAFLD发病机制中的作用进行综述。