湘潭市2365例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的了解湘潭市新生儿先天性听力损失的发病率。方法对2008年1月～2010年6月在湘潭市中心医院出生的2 365名新生儿(正常新生儿1 354例及NICU新生儿1 011例)进行听力筛查,正常新生儿出生后3～7天进行DPOAE初筛,NICU新生儿于出生后3～28天接受初筛,无论初筛通过与否,42天后运用DPOAE与AABR复筛,有一项以上未通过者3月龄进行听力学诊断。结果初筛时正常组未通过率8.05%(109/1 354)、NICU组未通过率14.05%(142/1 011);复筛率64.95%(1 536/2 365),复筛未通过25例,其中DPOAE未通过18例,AABR未通过5例,DPOAE+AABR均未通过2例;3月龄听力诊断时确诊听力损失7例(2.96%,7/2 365),其中单耳听力损伤2例、双耳5例;正常组1例,NICU组6例;轻度听力损失2例,中度3例,重度2例。其中2例NICU患儿初筛通过,复筛AABR未通过。结论湘潭地区先天性听力损失检出率为2.96‰(7/2 365)。     

2367例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的分析2 367例新生儿听力筛查结果。方法应用瞬态诱发耳声发射对甘肃省人民医院2007年8月～2009年5月出生的新生儿进行听力筛查,初筛未通过者在出生42天后接受听力复筛,42天复筛仍未通过者,在3月龄左右采用听性脑干反应进行诊断性检查。结果 2007年8月～2009年5月共出生新生儿2 484例,听力筛查2 367例,筛查率95.29%(2 367/2 484);初筛通过2 144例,未通过223例,初筛通过率90.58%(2 144/2 367);223例初筛未通过者中200例接受了复筛,复筛通过率97%(194/200),23例失访。最终6例确诊为不同程度听力损失,先天性听力损失检出率为2.53‰(6/2 367)。结论 2007年8月～2009年5月甘肃省人民医院新生儿听力损失检出率为2.53‰。     

6072例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的分析6072例新生儿听力筛查结果,了解本组新生儿听力损失的发病情况。方法应用畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)对福建医科大学附属第一医院2017年1月~2019年9月出生的6072例活产新生儿进行听力筛查,初筛于出生后48 h至出院前完成,初筛未通过者于出生后42天复筛,复筛未通过者于出生后3个月行DPOAE、声导抗、听性脑干反应(ABR)、听性稳态反应(ASSR)等检查,必要时行影像学检查。分析初筛率、复筛率、听力损失检出率,并比较新生儿不同性别、耳别的听力筛查通过率。结果活产新生儿6072例,实际初筛5843例(包括新生儿重症监护病房),初筛率96.23%(5843/6072);初筛通过5284例(90.43%,5284/5843)左耳通过率92.71%(5417/5843)低于右耳通过率(93.80%,5481/5843)(χ^2=5.574,P<0.05);男婴通过率89.38%(2853/3192)低于女婴(91.70%,2431/2651)(χ^2=9.022,P<0.01)。初筛未通过559例,其中474例接受复筛(84.79%,474/559);复筛通过385例(81.22%,385/474);复筛未通过89例,其中77例进行听力学诊断(86.52%,77/89);共确诊听力损失患儿14例,听力损失检出率2.40‰(14/5843),其中8例轻度听力损失(2例双耳传导性听力损失,1例双耳感音神经性听力损失,1例单耳传导性听力损失,4例单耳感音神经性听力损失),2例双耳中度感音神经性听力损失,1例双耳重度感音神经性听力损失,3例单耳极重度感音神经性听力损失。结论本组新生儿听力损失检出率为2.40‰,女婴听力筛查通过率高于男婴,右耳通过率高于左耳。     

12440例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的分析新生儿听力筛查结果,了解新生儿听力损失的发病情况。方法自2005年11月至2011年5月应用瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)对12 440例新生儿[普通病房新生儿11 594例,重症监护病房(NICU)新生儿846例]进行听力初筛,初筛未通过者于生后42天复筛,复筛仍未通过者于生后3个月转上级医院行听力学评估和医学诊断。结果初筛率95.40%(12 440/13 040),初筛通过率80.27%(9 986/12 440);复筛1 225例(49.92%,1 225/2 454),通过596例(48.65%,596/1 225);建议转诊629例,实际转诊102例(16.22%,102/629);最后确诊为听力损失者32例(0.26%,32/12 440),其中单耳听力损失26例,双耳听力损失6例;轻度听力损失23例,中度听力损失2例,重度听力损失7例。普通病房新生儿初筛通过率(80.94%)、复筛通过率(53.57%)均高于NICU患儿(分别为71.16%和21.69%)(均为P<0.01),普通病房新生儿听力损失检出率(1.21‰)明显低于NICU患儿(2.13%)(P<0.01)。结论本组新生儿初筛率较高,但复筛率及转诊率均偏低,NICU患儿初筛、复筛通过率明显低于普通病房新生儿,且听力损失的发病率明显高于普通病房新生儿。     

2015~2019年温州市537106例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的了解2015~2019年温州市新生儿听力筛查工作开展状况,为进一步深入开展新生儿听力筛查工作提供参考。方法应用筛查型耳声发射(TEOAE/DPOAE)或自动听性脑干反应(AABR)对2015~2019年温州市出生的537106例新生儿进行听力筛查,初筛未通过者42天内复筛,复筛未通过者及时转诊至市级听力诊治中心进行听力学诊断,分析结果。结果537106例新生儿中实际完成听力初筛535035例,初筛率为99.61%(535035/537106),2015~2019连续5年初筛率分别为99.72%、99.21%、99.74%、99.74%、99.66%。初筛通过495128例,初筛通过率为92.54%(495128/535035);复筛38300例,复筛率为95.97%(38300/39907),复筛未通过5652例,复筛未通过率14.76%(5652/38300);转诊率为1.06%(5652/535035);完成诊断5355例(94.75%,5355/5652),失访297例(5.25%,297/5652);确诊听力损失1666例,听力损失检出率3.11‰(1666/535035)。结论2015~2019温州市新生儿听力初筛率连续五年达99%以上,初筛通过率、复筛率、转诊率及接诊率均达到指南要求,提高听力损失患儿的随访率、干预率是今后新生儿听力筛查工作中的重点。     

淄博市2010～2011年新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的分析淄博市未通过听力复筛并转诊婴儿的听力诊断结果。方法 2010年1月至2011年12月,淄博地区出生的80 957例新生儿中共73 623例在出生后3～7天进行了TEOAE听力筛查,初筛未通过的于42天行TEOAE复筛,复筛未通过的3月龄时采用ABR、DPOAE、1 000Hz声导抗、ASSR进行听力诊断。结果淄博市新生儿听力初筛率90.94%(73 623/80 957),初筛未通过率10.24%(7 536/73 623),复筛率56.17%(4 233/7 536),复筛未通过率37.18%(1 574/4 233),转诊率40.85%(643/1 574),最终新生儿听力损失检出率4.13‰(304/73 623),其中双耳143例,单耳161例;轻度127例,中度128例,重度37例,极重度12例;双耳中度以上听力损失99例。结论淄博市新生儿听力损失检出率为4.13‰,应尽量提高复筛未通过婴儿的转诊率。     

正常出生新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射与畸变产物耳声发射听力筛查结果比较

目的 探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions,TEOAE)和畸变产物耳声发射(distortion products otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE)用于新生儿听力筛查特点,为正常出生新生儿听力筛查方法的选择提供参考.方法 于出生后48~72小时,对1 062例正常出生的新生儿分别使用TEOAE和DPOAE进行听力初筛,其中135例未通过初筛者,在42天龄左右,同时进行TEOAE和DPOAE复筛;复筛未通过者3月龄左右进行诊断型听性脑干反应测试. 结果 1 062例新生儿中TEOAE初筛未通过率为11.02%(117/1 062),DPOAE未通过率为13.65%(145/1 062);135例进行了复筛,TEOAE和DPOAE未通过率分别为17.78%(24/135)和20.74%(28/135),DPOAE初、复筛未通过率均高于TEOAE,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);TEOAE和DPOAE在初筛和复筛中的一致率分别为96.04%和95.56%,kappa值分别为0.817和0.857.在初筛中TEOAE每耳的平均测试时间为24±25 s,DPOAE为40±34 s;在复筛中TEOAE为52±41 s,DPOAE为73±62 s,配对样本t检验显示两种方法的测试时间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).复筛的135例中,共有7例(10耳)最终被诊断为不同程度的传导性听力损失(9耳)及感音神经性听力损失(1耳),这10耳TEOAE和DPOAE初、复筛均未通过. 结论 作为正常出生新生儿的听力筛查方法,TEOAE较DPOAE未通过率低,耗时少;作为新生儿听力筛查工具,TEOAE可能比DPOAE有优势.     

甘肃省河西走廊19323例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的了解甘肃省河西走廊先天性听力损失发病情况,并探寻适合偏远、经济欠发达、多民族聚集地区新生儿听力普遍筛查的模式。方法采用畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)对2009年7月～2010年9月出生于甘肃省河西走廊地区的19 323例新生儿及婴儿在其出生后两月龄内实施普遍听力筛查,初筛未通过者间隔一月进行DPOAE复筛,复筛未通过者在3月龄(第一次诊断)和6月龄时(第一次诊断听力异常者,进行第二次诊断)进行DPOAE、ABR、声导抗等听力学检查及跟踪随访。结果接受听力筛查的19 323例新生儿及婴儿中,初筛通过16 843例(87.17%),未通过2 480例(12.83%)。18 417例正常儿中初筛通过16 078例(87.30%),未通过2 339例(12.70%);906例高危儿中初筛通过765例(84.44%),未通过141例(15.56%)。初筛未通过需进行复筛2 480例,实际复筛916例,复筛率36.94%,复筛通过853例(93.12%),未通过63例(6.88%)。接受复筛的875例正常儿中复筛通过824例(94.17%),未通过51例(5.83%)。接受复筛的41例高危儿中复筛通过29例(70.73%),未通过12例(29.27%)。初筛复筛未通过由当地筛查机构转诊接受进一步听力学诊断检查的受试儿应有63例,实际进行诊断的仅19例,11例最终确诊为听力损失的患儿中8例为传导性听力损失(6例单耳,1例双耳,1例右耳先天性外耳道闭锁),3例为感音神经性听力损失(1例双耳、1例单耳极重度听力损失,1例前庭水管扩大)。结论应用畸变产物耳声发射对农村及城乡结合地区广泛开展新生儿听力筛查是可行的,但目标人群复筛率、转诊率低,漏筛率、失访率高仍是亟待解决的问题。     

韶关市2354例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的初步了解韶关市新生儿先天性听力损失发病情况,探讨如何提高新生儿听力筛查率。方法 2007年4月至2009年9月在粤北人民医院出生的2354例新生儿,采用畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）筛查仪进行听力初筛,初筛未通过者在42天复筛,复筛仍未通过者,于生后3个月进行诊断性DPOAE、声导抗、听性脑干反应（ABR）检查,进行确诊。结果同期出生新生儿3017人,筛查率78.02%（2354/3017）,初筛通过率为90.02%（2119/2354）,需42天复筛235人,实际复筛138人,复筛率58.72%（138/235）,复筛通过率为73.19%（101/138）。新生儿先天性听力损失的检出率为2.12‰（5/2354）,其中正常足月儿1例,高危因素儿（早产儿、窒息缺氧、高胆红素症、先天性畸形）4例。结论本组新生儿听力初、复筛率偏低,听力高危因素儿的先天性听力损失发生率明显高于正常足月儿;如何提高筛查率和复筛率是目前亟待解决的问题。     

重症监护病房新生儿听力筛查结果分析——重点讨论听神经病的筛查

目的基于对我院新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)新生儿的筛查,初步获得听神经病(auditory neuropathy,AN)在此类人群中患病情况的基本资料,探讨适合于我国国情的NICU新生儿听力筛查模式。方法采用自动听性脑干反应(automated auditory brainstem response,AABR)两阶段筛查方案,即:NICU新生儿在出院前或病情稳定时以AABR进行听力初筛,对未通过者发放复筛通知单,嘱出院1个月后门诊接受AABR复筛。复筛仍未通过者,于3个月内转诊到我院儿童听力中心,进行包括听性脑干反应(ABR)、畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE)和声导抗测试在内的全面听力学诊断评估。如ABR波V反应阈>35dBnHL,则认为有听力损失。AN诊断依据:ABR缺失、严重异常或阈值≥70dBnHL,伴DPOAE正常和声导抗测试鼓室图呈单峰型或双峰型。结果对2007年9月—2009年4月从我院NICU出院的1343名新生儿进行了听力筛查。117例(8.7%)未通过出院前的AABR初筛,其中88例(75.2%)1月后接受了AABR复筛,22例未通过。后者经全面的听力学诊断评估,10例(7.4‰)双侧或单侧ABR阈值>35dBnHL,诊断有听力损失,其中2例(1.5‰)分别表现为双耳ABR缺失和阈值>70dBnHL,而DPOAE正常、鼓室图为单峰型以及镫骨肌声反射未引出,诊断为AN。结论本组NICU新生儿听力损失总发病率(7.4‰)及听神经病发病率(1.5‰)低于已往文献报道。本研究未发现任何可以预测AN发生的听力损失高危因素,这可能与目标人群样本量较小有关。AABR两阶段筛查法是NICU新生儿合适的听力筛查模式。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.