In vitro Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Nauclea orientalis Leaves

Antianthelmintic activity of successive extracts (chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous) of Nauclea orientalis leaves were evaluated separately on adult Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) and compared with that of albendazole. It was found that the extracts exhibited, respectively dose-dependent action and inhibition of spontaneous motility (paralysis) and death of earthworms. The results indicated that the chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were more potent.     

In Vitro Anthelmintic Effects of Medicinal Plants Used in Czech Republic

The ethanol extracts of 16 Czech medicinal plants, namely, Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae), Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae), Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae), Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae), Consolida regalis Gray (Ranunculaceae), Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae), Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae), Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae), Erigeron canadensis L. (Asteraceae), Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae), Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae), Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae), Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae), Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae), and Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae), have been tested for their potential in vitro anthelmintic effect against eggs Ascaris suum and infectious larvae Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The extracts of A. sativum, A. absinthium, C. carvi, D. carota, and J. regia possessed the strongest anthelmintic effect on the embryonating eggs at all concentrations tested (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 μg/mL). The best results, showing a higher effect against the infective third-stage larvae in comparison with synthetic anthelmintic Zentel (albendazole), have been obtained for A. sativum, A. absinthium, C. carvi, C. regalis, I. helenium, J. regia, S. hortensis, and V. officinalis.     

A comparative study of the anthelmintic potential of cleome viscosa L. And cleome burmanni w. And a

Methanol, aqueous and chloroform extracts of Cleome viscosa and Cleome burmanni were tested for anthelmintic potential against the Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma. Different concentrations of the extracts ranging from 50-2000 μg/ml were tested and results expressed as time required for paralysis and death of the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as a reference standard and DMSO (1%) as the negative control. The methanol extracts of Cleome viscosa and Cleome burmanni exhibited significant anthelmintic activity. Methanol extract of Cleome viscosa at a concentration of 2000 μg/ml was detected to be the most effective treatment dose. Thin layer chromatography of methanol extracts of both plants revealed the presence of terpenoids.     

番石榴叶提取物对常见细菌的体外抗菌作用

目的观察番石榴叶提取物对常见细菌的抗菌作用。方法应用琼脂打孔扩散实验和试管稀释法，分别测定番石榴叶提取物对11种常见细菌的抑菌效果， 对3种常见细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC），并与鱼腥草注射液进行抑菌效果比较。结果1 g·mL^-1番石榴叶提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、脑膜炎双球菌、白念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性较强，抑菌圈＞15.5 mm;对枯草芽孢杆菌痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、变形杆菌及乙型链球菌有一定的抑菌作用， 抑菌圈＞11.0 mm。氯仿、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等4种溶剂萃取番石榴叶的提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白念珠菌的MIC分别为0.125～0.250，0.125～0.25，0.0625～0.25，0.25～0.5 g·mL^-1，MBC分别为0.062 5～0.125，0.062 5～0.125，0.031 25～0.125，0.125～0.25 g·mL^-1。相同浓度的番石榴叶提取物比鱼腥草注射液抑菌效果强。结论番石榴叶的提取液具有较强的广谱抗菌作用。     

Anthelmintic Activity of Vernonia anthelmintica. Seeds Against Trichostrongylid Nematodes of Sheep

Abstract

This paper describes comparative in vitro. and in vivo. anthelmintic activities of Vernonia anthelmintica. (L.) Willd. (Compositae) seeds and levamisole. In vitro. studies revealed higher anthelmintic effects (p ≥ 0.05) of crude methanol extract (CME) as compared with crude aqueous extract (CAE) of V. anthelmintica. seeds on live Haemonchus. contortus. as evident from their mortality. For in vivo. studies, seeds of V. anthelmintica. were administered as crude powder (CP), CAE, and CME to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. In vivo., maximum reduction (73.9%) in fecal egg counts per gram (EPG) was recorded in sheep treated with V. anthelmintica. CAE at 3 g kg^?1 body weight on day 5 post-treatment (PT) followed by CP at 3 g kg^?1 (55.6%) on day 3 PT. However, CME did not exhibit anthelmintic activity in vivo.. It was found that whereas V. anthelmintica. seeds possess anthelmintic activity against nematodes, it was not comparable to levamisole (97.8% to 100% reduction in EPG). It may be suggested that further research on a large scale be carried out with a large number of animals on higher doses than those used in the current study; for the identification of active principles; and for standardization of the doses and toxicity studies for drug development.     

Assessment of the Anthelmintic Efficacy of an Aqueous Crude Extract of Vernonia amygdalina.

Abstract

The anthelmintic efficacy of an aqueous crude extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Del. (Compositae) was studied in 16 Nigerian puppies. They were divided into four groups of four puppies per group. The group A animals were uninfected and hence were untreated, whereas those in groups B, C, and D were naturally infected with helminths. Group B animals were untreated whereas group C animals were treated with a proprietary anthelmintic (Mebendazole). Group D animals were treated with aqueous crude extracts of V. amygdalina. using the oral route. Two weeks after treatment, blood and fecal samples were collected to evaluate the hematologic values and fecal egg counts, respectively. Before the onset of this study, fecal egg counts showed that ascarids (Toxocara canis.) and hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum.) were present in the experimental animals. The results of this study showed that the aqueous crude extracts of V. amygdalina. after its administration into local dogs produced significant changes (p < 0.05) in PCV, RBC, Hb concentration, and TWBC. The fecal egg counts also showed remarkable and significant reduction in the levels of the identified helminths. The effects of the plant extracts were broad spectrum in action. Because the aqueous crude extract of V. amygdalina. significantly reduced the fecal egg count of the helminths, it could be a potential source of a new lead anthelmintic agent.     

Determination of anthelmintic activity of the leaf and bark extract of tamarindus indica linn

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves and bark of Tamarindus indica Linn using Pheretima posthuma and Tubifex tubifex as test worms. The time of paralysis and time of death were studied and the activity was compared with piperazine citrate as reference standard. The alcohol and aqueous extract of bark of Tamarindus indica exhibited significant anthelmintic activity as evidenced by decreased paralyzing time and death time. The results thus support the use of Tamarindus indica as an anthelmintic agent.     

乳酸左氧氟沙星体外抗菌作用的研究

目的 :研究乳酸左氧氟沙星的体外抗菌活性。方法 :采用两倍稀释法对临床分离的 8种细菌进行体外抗菌试验。结果 :该药对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌甚为敏感 ,其MIC50 为 0 0 5mg·L-1,MIC90 为 0 2 0mg·L-1,MBC50 为 0 0 5mg·L-1,MBC90 为 0 39mg·L-1。结论 :乳酸左氧氟沙星比氧氟沙星的抗菌活性强     

肤康洗剂的体外抗菌作用

[目的]研究肤康洗剂的体外抗菌活性。[方法]以炉甘石洗剂为对照品，用2倍稀释法比较肤康洗剂对临床分离的6种细菌的体外抗菌活性。[结果]肤康洗剂对表皮葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌及其他常见的皮肤病菌株的抗菌活力比炉甘石洗剂更强。[结论]作为医院制剂，肤康洗剂有一定的应用前景。     

过山枫多糖的体外抗补体活性研究

目的:研究过山枫多糖的体外抗补体活性。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取、分离过山枫多糖;通过苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量;红外光谱确定其多糖结构;将过山枫多糖分别与补体溶血试验中的各要素混合,作用一段时间后再加入其他组分,观测体系的溶血情况,探讨其对补体经典途径激活的作用。结果:分离获得桔红色过山枫多糖,其多糖含量为58.3%。红外光谱显示过山枫多糖主要由α-吡喃糖构成,含有α-D-Glcp。在经典激活途径中,过山枫多糖与补体预先混合能降低体系的溶血,其半数溶血浓度(CH50)为302μg.mL-1,低于肝素的CH50值699μg.mL-1。结论:过山枫多糖具有抗补体活性。     

复方奥硝唑栓的体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究复方奥硝唑栓的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用试管二倍稀释法测定复方奥硝唑栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌及脆弱拟杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并以氧氟沙星栓和替硝唑栓进行对照。结果:复方奥硝唑栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌及脆弱拟杆菌显示很强的抗菌活性,其MIC值分别为0.061、0.015、0.49、0.031μg/ml,MBC值分别为0.12、0.031、0.98、0.031μg/ml。无论是对标准菌株还是临床分离菌株,复方奥硝唑栓MIC、MBC值均明显低于氧氟沙星栓及替硝唑栓,其组方中2组分具有良好的协同作用。结论:复方奥硝唑栓对妇科炎症具有广谱、高效、低毒的特点。     

In Vitro Antiplatelet Activity of Flavonoids from Leuzea Carthamoides

Plants and their secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, exhibit a wide range of biological effects. Consequently, natural substances are receiving an increased attention in medicinal research. Owing to these facts, in vitro antiplatelet activity of ethanol summary extract and four flavonoids from Leuzea carthamoides was determined in human platelet-rich plasma. Arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen (COL), and thrombin were used as agonists of platelet aggregation. The summary extract showed a significant inhibition of the aggregation induced by COL and ADP. Of the tested flavonoids, eriodictyol (1) and patuletin (2) influenced COL- and AA-induced aggregation. Their IC₅₀ values are presented. Flavonoid glycosides eriodictyol-7-β-glucopyranoside (3) and 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-D[small cap]-glucopyranoside) (4) were found to be weak antiplatelet agents. These results confirmed the fact that glucosylation decreases the antiplatelet activity. Quantitative composition of tested flavonoids in L. carthamoides extract was also determined. Though two of the tested flavonoids inhibited platelet aggregation, further evaluation of L. carthamoides, in order to discover other antiplatelet active compounds and possible adverse health effects, is needed.     

头状蓼提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究头状蓼提取物的体外抗氧化活性。方法:以脂溶性维生素E及二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)作对照,采用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2′-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基和铁离子(Fe3+)还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法检测头状蓼石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果:与头状蓼石油醚、乙酸乙酯提取物比较,头状蓼甲醇提取物清除DPPH自由基、清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力较强。结论:头状蓼甲醇提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。3种方法中,DPPH方法和ABTS方法相关性最高。     

Anticestodal Activity of Trifolium repens. Extract

ABSTRACT

Trifolium repens. L. is an herbal plant that is used in the folk medicine of the Naga tribes of India as a deworming remedy. This study deals with evaluating its anticestodal activity using experimental Hymenolepis diminuta. Rudolphi infections in albino rats. Doses of T. repens. aerial shoots extract 200 and 500?mg/kg reduced the mean fecal egg counts of H. diminuta. by 47.72% and 54.59% and worm recovery rate by 60.00% and 40.00%, respectively. Praziquantel, the standard cestocidal drug, reduced the mean fecal egg count by 65.90% and worm recovery rate by 26.67%. The study suggests that the aerial shoots of T. repens. bear anticestodal properties and supports its use in the traditional medicine system.     

Antimalarial Ethnobotany: In Vitro. Antiplasmodial Activity of Seven Plants Identified in the Nigerian Middle Belt

Abstract

Seven methanol extracts of seven plants from seven plant families were screened for antimalarial properties. The plants were identified and selected from Gboko and Kastina-Ala local government areas in the Tivland ethnobotany in the Middle Belt Zone of Nigeria. Methanol plant extracts were evaluated for in vitro. antimalarial properties using the lactate dehydrogenase technique, with a multiresistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. K1. Quantification of activity was by estimation of the concentration of extracts that inhibited 50% growth of parasite (IC₅₀) in µg/ml. Of the seven plants screened, Erythrina senegalensis. DC (Leguminosae), Pericopsis elata. Harms (Papilionaceae), and Bridelia micrantha. Benth (Fabaceae) had IC₅₀ values of 99.7, 124.8, and 158.7?µg/ml, respectively. Nauclea latifolia. SM (Rubiaceae) extract exhibited the least activity in the assay with an IC₅₀ value of 478.9?µg/ml.     

Screening of Iranian Plants for Antimicrobial Activity

The methanol extracts of 306 plants of 52 families obtained from Northeast of Iran (Khorasan Province), were tested for antimicrobial activity (in vitro) using the cylinder plate assay method. Activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii (Gram negative), Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Candida albicans is discussed.     

Synthesis and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of New 3-Substituted-2-Oxindole Derivatives

A series of new 1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-(2-phenyl-2-oxoethyl)-2H-indol-2-ones (1a-g) and 1,3-dihydro-3-(2-phenyl-2-oxoethylidene)-2H-indol-2-ones (2a-g) were synthesised by Knoevenagel condensation of substituted indole-2,3-diones (isatins) with various acetophenones. The synthesised compounds were characterised by their physical data, elemental, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectral analyses and their in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. These compounds showed moderate to good antioxidant activities as compared with the standard, ascorbic acid. The antioxidant potential of 3-hydroxy-3-substituted oxindoles (1a-g) increased in a concentration-dependent manner from 10 to 500 μg/ml with 5-fluoro and 5-methyl analogues showing maximum activity. Of 3-aroyl methylene indol-2-ones (2a-g), majority of compounds with halogen substitution at position 5 of isatin ring exhibited good antioxidant activity within a concentration range of 5-100 μg/ml and the maximum activity was observed at 20 and 25 μg/ml concentrations. Thus, our study provides evidence that some newly synthesised isatin derivatives exhibit substantial antioxidant activity at low concentrations.