n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对人结肠癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFA）对人结肠癌细胞HT．29的作用及其机制。方法应用MTT比色法、细胞的形态学观察（Hochest33258染色）、DNA凝胶电泳、流式细胞技术检测二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对HT．29增殖和凋亡的影响：气相色谱分析的方法检测DHA对HT-29细胞n-3PUFA和n．6PUFA含量及n-6／n-3PUFA比例的影响。结果DHA在体外对HT．29有明显的增殖抑制作用,10、20、40和80mg儿DHA作用24h时的细胞增殖抑制率分别为16．8％、24．7％、50．0％和60．1％。40mg／LDHA作用24、48和72h的细胞增殖抑制率分别为50．0％、69．9％和77．0％：呈现明显的剂量和时间效应关系。荧光染色可观察到细胞核染色质浓集,核浓缩核碎裂．并出现典型的凋亡小体：DNA凝胶电泳呈现特征性的梯形条带（DNALadder）：流式细胞仪检测显示经DHA处理后HT-29DNA合成前期（G,期）细胞比例较对照组增加（72．1％比51．3％）,DNA合成期（S期）细胞比例明显减少（19．9％比38．9％）,细胞呈现明显的G,期阻滞;气相色谱分析显示．DHA可以降低HT-29细胞内n-6PUFA而提高n-3PUFA含量,降低n-6／n-3PUFA比率。结论n-3PUFA通过抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡来阻遏结肠癌细胞的生长．这种作用的机制可能为降低了细胞的n-6／n-3PUFA的比例。     

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸预防同种异体移植血管硬化的作用

目的研究n-3多不饱和脂肪酸预防同种异体移植血管硬化的作用。方法SD和Wistar大鼠各240只,随机配对成240对建立颈总动脉同种异体移植血管模型,并随机平均分成4组,每组60对。对照组:术前、术后未喂食n-3多不饱和脂肪酸;A组:术前2周始喂食n-3多不饱和脂肪酸600mg/kg(以EPA含量计,下同),直至摘取标本;B组:喂食300mg/kg;C组:喂食150mg/kg。分别于术后1、7、14、21和28d摘取受者移植血管,观察移植血管在活体的搏动情况,HE染色光学显微镜下观察移植血管的组织学病理改变,电子显微镜观察移植血管的超微结构变化,免疫组织化学染色检测细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)和细胞核因子κB(NF-κB)在移植血管的表达。结果对照组术后7d移植血管开始有病理改变,28d时最为明显,管腔已基本堵塞;A组、B组、C组移植血管的病理改变均较对照组迟缓,管腔通畅率优于对照组。对照组ICAM-1,VCAM-1,NF-κB的表达较A组、B组和C组明显增强(P<0.05)。移植术后1d、7dICAM-1、VCAM-1、NF-κB的表达A组、B组、C组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),移植术后14、21和28d的表达C组较A组、B组明显增强(P<0.05),而A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论n-3多不饱和脂肪酸能够预防同种异体移植血管硬化,表现为移植血管病理改变发生迟缓,管腔通畅率高,ICAM-1,VCAM-1和NF-κB的表达减弱,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸以300mg/kg用量达到的效果最佳。     

302例军校学员n6和n3系多烯脂酸和n6/n3比值的调查

目的:调查302例军校学员的 n3系多烯不饱和脂肪酸(n3-PUFAs,n3系多烯脂酸)、n6系多烯不饱和脂肪酸(n6-PUFAs,n6系多烯脂酸)和 n6/n3比值。方法:用气相色谱法测定302例军校学员血浆脂肪酸中n3-PUFAs 和 n6-PUFAs 组分和含量,并对不同性别组的各种脂肪酸含量进行 t 检验。结果:n6-PUFAs 为45.74%,n3-PUFAs 为2.90%,n6/n3比值为16:12;饱和脂肪酸(S):单烯脂酸(M):多烯脂酸(P)比值为1:0.67:1.58;男学员的油酸和单烯脂酸(MUFA)高于女学员(P<0.01),而二十二碳六烯酸(22:6n-3,DHA)、n3-PU-FAs 和多烯脂酸低于女学员。结论:应适当减少 n6-PUFAs 摄入,增加油酸摄入,并补充22:6n-3,使n6/n3和 S:M:P 比值趋于合理的水平。     

红花黄色素减轻受体相互作用蛋白3硝化保护大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的 探讨红花黄色素(safflower yellow,SY)对离体大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(myocardium ischemia/reperfusion injury,MI/RI)的保护作用及其降低受体相互作用蛋白3(receptor interacting protein 3,RIP3)硝化的可能机制. 方法 SD雄性大鼠36只,采用随机数字表法分为6组(每组6只):正常对照组(A组)、缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,I/RI) 组(B组)、SY干预组(C组,10 μmol/L;D组,30 μmol/L;E组,90 μmol/L)、阳性对照药依达拉奉组(F组,10 μmol/L).再灌注120 min末,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色法测定心肌梗死面积百分比,免疫印迹法及免疫沉淀法测定RIP3、受体相互作用蛋白1(receptor interacting protein 1,RIP1)的表达水平及RIP3硝化水平、RIP1磷酸化水平,化学比色法测定心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量. 结果 与B组[(36.3±4.7)％]比较,D组[(15.3±4.2)％]、E组[(6.9±4.4)％]、F组[(9.6±1.2)％]心肌梗死面积减小(P＜0.05);与B组比较,D组、E组、F组SOD活性升高(P＜0.05),MDA含量降低(P＜0.05);各组RIP3及RIP1表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与B组比较,D组、E组、F组RIP3硝化水平均降低(P＜0.05),RIP1磷酸化水平均降低(P＜0.05). 结论 SY降低I/RI中的氧化水平,下调RIP3硝化及RIP1磷酸化水平,对MI/RI发挥保护作用.     

Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To compare the levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in leukocytes and prostate tissue in men with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to the risk of prostate cancer; the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was also compared to prostate tissue levels of n-3 PUFAs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prostate tissue was obtained and leukocytes isolated from 20 men with prostate cancer and 35 with BPH. The n-3 PUFAs alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were measured in prostate tissue and in peripheral blood leukocytes using gas chromatography. PSA levels were measured in all of the men. RESULTS: There was a strong positive correlation between EPA and DHA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue (EPA: r = 0.80, DHA: r = 0.53, both P < 0.001) in all the men, whereas there was no association between the content of ALA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue (r = -0.15). Men with BPH had similar levels of ALA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue, but men with prostate cancer had more ALA in prostate tissue than in leukocytes. The PSA level was significantly positively correlated with ALA level in prostate tissue (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) but there was no significant correlation between PSA level and EPA and DHA levels. There were no significant correlations between PSA level and n-3 PUFA levels in leukocytes. CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of the marine n-3 PUFAs reflected in EPA and DHA levels in leukocytes are also reflected in EPA and DHA levels in prostate tissue in men with and without prostate cancer. However, there is a discrepancy between the levels of ALA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue, with higher levels in men with prostate cancer. This is in accordance with the strong positive association between PSA and ALA levels in prostate tissue. This study therefore does not support the hypothesis that intake of marine n-3 PUFAs might protect against prostate cancer, but lends support to the deleterious role of ALA in the development of prostate cancer.     

Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on mitochondrial function after myocardial ischemia reperfusion.

BACKGROUND: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) protects myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury as evidenced by improved recovery of mechanical function, ATP, and phosphocreatine during reperfusion. This protection may result from CoQ10's bioenergetic effects on the mitochondria, from its antioxidant properties, or both. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on mitochondrial function during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion using an isolated mitochondrial preparation. METHODS: Isolated hearts (n = 6/group) from rats pretreated with liposomal CoQ10 (10 mg/kg iv, CoQ10), vehicle (liposomal only, Vehicle), or saline (Saline) 30 min before the experiments were subjected to 15 min of equilibration (EQ), 25 min of ischemia (I), and 40 min of reperfusion (RP). Left ventricular-developed pressure (DP) was measured. Mitochondria were isolated at end-equilibration (end-EQ), at end-ischemia (end-I), and at end-reperfusion (end-RP). Mitochondrial respiratory function (State 2, 3, and 4, respiratory control index (RCI, ratio of State 3 to 4), and ADP:O ratio) was measured by polarography using NADH (alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-KG)- or FADH (succinate, SA)-dependent substrates. RESULTS: CoQ10 improved recovery of DP at end-RP (67 +/- 11% in CoQ10 vs 47 +/- 5% in Vehicle and 50 +/- 11% in Saline, P < 0.05 vs Vehicle and Saline). CoQ10 did not change preischemic mitochondrial function. IR decreased State 3 and RCI in all groups using either substrate. CoQ10 had no effect in the mitochondrial oxidation of alpha-KG at end-I. CoQ10 improved State 3 at end-I when SA was used (167 +/- 21 in CoQ10 vs 120 +/- 10 in Saline and 111 +/- 10 ng-atoms O/min/mg protein in Vehicle, P < 0.05). Using alpha-KG as a substrate, CoQ10 improved RCI at end-RP (4.2 +/- 0.2 in CoQ10 vs 3.2 +/- 0.2 in Saline and 3.0 +/- 0.3 in Vehicle, P < 0.05). Using SA, CoQ10 improved State 3 (181 +/- 10 in CoQ10 vs 142 +/- 9 in Saline and 140 +/- 12 ng-atoms O/min/mg protein in Vehicle, P < 0.05) and RCI (2.21 +/- 0.06 in CoQ10 vs 1.85 +/- 0.11 in Saline and 1.72 +/- 0.08 in Vehicle, P < 0.05) at end-RP. CONCLUSIONS: The cardioprotective effects of CoQ10 can be attributed to the preservation of mitochondrial function during reperfusion as evidenced by improved FADH-dependent oxidation.     

膳食摄入n-3脂肪酸与结直肠癌发生风险的Meta分析

目的探讨n-3脂肪酸的膳食摄入量与结直肠癌发生风险的关系。 方法计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、CNKI数据库和Cochrane图书馆已发表的相关研究文献。由2名评价者独立筛选文章、提取数据及评价纳入研究的质量,采用STATA11.0软件完成Meta分析。 结果最终共纳入7项病例对照研究和4项前瞻性队列研究,共253 479名研究对象。n-3脂肪酸膳食摄入最高量部分的人群相比摄入最低量部分的人群发生结直肠癌的风险是0.88（95% CI：0.68~1.13;P = 0.316,4分类,6项研究）和1.03（95% CI：0.92~1.16;P = 0.606,5分类,5项研究）。 结论n-3脂肪酸的摄入量与结直肠癌的发生没有显著相关性,膳食摄入n-3脂肪酸与结直肠癌的发生风险之间的关系尚需进一步研究证实。     

兴奋胆碱能通路对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能的保护作用

目的:观察不同方式激活胆碱能受体途径对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能的保护作用.方法:静脉注射内毒素(LPS,10 mg/kg和5 mg/kg)复制大鼠内毒素血症模型(每组10只),肠系膜上动脉夹闭1 h后松夹复制肠缺血/再灌注模型(每组6只),兔肠系膜上动脉部分阻断后4 h恢复血流复制兔肠部分缺血/再灌注模型(每组5只).内毒素血症大鼠分别施与迷走神经刺激或电针副交感神经相关穴位(后三里穴),并分别设模型组、假手术组和迷走神经切断组或电针假穴组;肠缺血/再灌注动物经肠袋(距离回盲部15 cm处起始,向空肠端作一个长约10 cm肠袋,保留血液供应)给予卡巴胆碱(大鼠:0.1 mg/kg;兔:3μg/kg),并设假手术组和模型组.各组大鼠于实验结束时、各组兔于上动脉阻断0、2、4、6、8 h及1、2、3 d取股动脉血测定血浆丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性.结果:与模型组、迷走神经切断组或电针假穴组比较,采用迷走神经刺激或电针刺激副交感神经相关穴位(后三里穴)明显降低内毒素血症大鼠早期血浆ALT活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);肠缺血及再灌注后大鼠ALT明显升高,肠袋给予卡巴胆碱后ALT水平均有明显改善.肠袋输注卡巴胆碱兔血浆ALT活性在缺血/再灌注早期较缺血前增加,再灌注后逐渐恢复,伤后3 d基本接近正常水平,而模型组则逐渐升高.结论:通过刺激副交感神经或局部给予拟胆碱药的方式激活胆碱能受体途径对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能具有不同程度的保护作用.     

丙泊酚对大鼠海马神经元缺氧/复氧损伤中线粒体分裂及其超微结构的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚在大鼠海马神经元缺氧/复氧损伤模型中对线粒体分裂及其超微结构的影响. 方法 培养原代海马神经元细胞至第8天,氧糖剥夺法建立海马神经元缺氧/复氧模型,按照随机数字表法分为6组(每组6瓶):空白对照组(C组),细胞未给予任何处理;赋形剂组(V组),赋形剂[二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO),终浓度为0.01％]加入细胞培养基;缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)组(I/R组);I/R+丙泊酚1μmol/L组(P1组)、I/R+丙泊酚10μmol/L组(P10组)、I/R+丙泊酚50 μmol/L组(P5o组),在细胞缺氧/复氧期间分别加入丙泊酚1、10、50 μmol/L.缺氧6h,复氧20 h后,用透射电子显微镜观察线粒体超微结构,激光共聚焦显微镜检测神经元细胞线粒体荧光强度及Drp1与Fis1蛋白的共定位程度,用Western blot检测线粒体分裂相关蛋白Drp1 、Fis1的表达. 结果 与C组比较,I/R组线粒体超微结构破坏明显、线粒体荧光强度(0.079±0.032)明显增高(P＜0.05),蛋白Drp1 (0.756±0.082)与Fis1 (1.164±0.070)的表达及共定位程度(0.815±0.048)明显升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,P1组、P10组、P50组线粒体超微结构破坏减轻、线粒体荧光强度(0.065±0.010、0.056±0.011、0.070±0.024)明显减弱(P＜0.05),蛋白Drp1(0.627±0.005、0.322±0.009、0.696±0.007)与Fis1(0.773±0.012、0.670±0.022、0.796±0.016)的表达及共定位程度(0.649±0.015、0.627±0.008、0.702±0.029)明显降低(P＜0.05). 结论 丙泊酚1、10、50 μmol/L可以抑制体外大鼠海马神经元中线粒体分裂相关蛋白Drp1与Fis1的表达及两者的结合,从而抑制线粒体分裂.     

Prevention of I/R injury in fatty livers by ischemic preconditioning is associated with increased mitochondrial tolerance: the key role of ATPsynthase and mitochondrial permeability transition

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a commonly encountered clinical problem and occurs probably as a consequence of irreversible mitochondrial injury. The increased susceptibility of fatty livers to ischemic injury is associated with depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, which is preserved by preconditioning. Mitochondria being the main ATP production source for the cell, we aimed to evaluate whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of fatty livers prevents the impairment in mitochondrial function induced by I/R. Lean and steatotic animals were subjected to 90 min of hepatic warm ischemia and 12 h of reperfusion. IPC effect was tested in fatty livers. After reperfusion, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured. Mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiration and susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) were evaluated, as well as ATPase activity and adenine nucleotides. IPC of fatty livers decreased serum AST and ALT levels. Fatty animals subjected to I/R exhibited decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and a delay in the repolarization after a phosphorylation cycle, associated with increased state 4 respiration. Increased tolerance to MPT induction, preservation of F₁F_o-ATPsynthase activity and mitochondrial bioenergetics were observed in ischemic preconditioned fatty livers. Thus, IPC is an endogenous protecting mechanism that preserves mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in fatty livers.     

Minocycline attenuates testicular damages in a rat model of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury

Testicular torsion is a serious urological disease leading to testicular damage. This study aimed to assess the effect of minocycline on testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury caused by testicular torsion/detorsion. Male adult Wistar rats (n = 32) were assigned into four groups of sham, I/R, I/R + minocycline and minocycline. I/R injury was induced by two sets of surgical operations, including the rotation of the left testis (720°, counterclockwise), followed by detorsion after 4 hr. The administration of minocycline was carried out 30 min before detorsion and then continued for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, rats were killed and sampling was done. Johnson's score, the height of seminiferous tubule epithelium, the mean seminiferous tubule diameter, as well as biochemical parameters, SOD, GPx and CAT, were significantly enhanced in the I/R + minocycline group compared with the I/R group. The administration of minocycline led to a marked decrease in expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, IL-1β and TNF-α genes, and a remarkable increase in expression levels of Bcl-2, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD3 genes compared with the I/R group. Administration of minocycline could also reduce the rate of germ cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining). Hence, minocycline was useful in the management of testicular torsion/detorsion.     

Role of PI3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway in renal function and cell proliferation after renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice

BACKGROUND: PI3K/Akt pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of mitogenic signalling, apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival in a variety of cells and tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in the renal ischaemia/reperfusion. METHODS: Four experimental groups, sham-operative mice, vehicle-delivered and wortmannin-treated ischaemic/reperfusion injury mice, wortmannin-treated normal mice were designed to examined serum blood urea nitrogen level, renal injury, proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein and Akt phosphorylation status at 30 min, 90 min, 24 h, 48 h of reperfusion after ischaemic treatment. Wortmannin or its vehicle was given intraperitoneally at 4 h before surgery. Blood urea nitrogen was measured, and immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect the components of PI3K/Akt pathway in the ischaemic/reperfusion injury kidney. RESULTS: PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin imposes a deleterious effect on serum blood urea nitrogen level, renal function after renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice. The renal cell proliferation increased after ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mouse, which could be inhibited by wortmannin. Phosphorylation of Akt was increased after ischaemia/reperfusion in the mouse kidney, and reduced by wortmannin administration. CONCLUSION: This primary study suggests that PI3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway play an important role in the regulation of the renal repair after ischaemia/reperfusion injury.     

Augmenter of liver regeneration-mediated mitophagy protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is an anti-apoptotic protein found mainly in mitochondria. It protects hepatocytes from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. We found that in rats, delivery of the ALR gene alleviated hepatic I/R injury during orthotopic liver transplantation as evidenced by reduced serum aminotransferase, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and increased expression of autophagy markers. In an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model, overexpression of the ALR gene activated autophagy and relieved defective mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Mechanistically, ALR transfection induced the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the H/R model, which led to PINK1 accumulation and mitochondrial translocation of Parkin. Deletion of Mfn2 abolished mitophagy activation induced by ALR transfection, promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, and eventually increased cell apoptosis. Mfn2 administration prevented the inhibition of mitophagy in ALR-knockout (KO) cells, thus attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. In heterozygous ALR-knockout mice treated with a warm I/R injury, marked aggravation of liver injury was associated with mitophagy inhibition and reduction in Mfn2 expression. Taken together, our results confirm that ALR accelerated Parkin translocation and mitophagy via Mfn2, and protected hepatocytes from I/R-induced injury. Our findings provide a novel rationale for the treatment of hepatic I/R injury.     

二氮嗪预处理对肝硬化大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的探讨采用线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoKATP通道)选择性开放剂二氮嗪(DE)进行预处理能否模拟缺血预处理(IP)对硬化肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法雄性肝硬化SD大鼠随机分为5组(每组8只)。IP组以肝缺血5 min作预处理;DE组以静脉注射DE作为预处理;DE 5-HD组是在DE组基础上再予静注mitoKATP通道选择性阻滞剂5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD)进行预处理;对照组(C组)以静注等量生理盐水作为预处理;上述4组均在预处理后行肝缺血45 min再灌注60 min;缺血方式均为70%肝脏热缺血。假手术组(S组)仅行开腹,不作任何其他处理。完成预定实验操作后分别取血用于血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测,切取肝组织用于测定ATP酶活力、湿重/干重(W/D)的测定及观察显微、超微结构变化。结果C组ALT,LDH,ATP酶及W/D的水平明显高于S组(P<0.01),肝脏的显微及超微结构损伤明显;IP组与DE组的各项肝组织损伤指标均明显好于C组,ATP酶活性低于C组(P<0.05及P<0.01);而DE 5-HD组的肝损伤指标均差于DE组,ATP酶活性高于DE组(P<0.05及P<0.01)。结论使用DE进行药物预处理能够模拟出IP效应,对肝硬化大鼠肝脏I/R损伤具有保护作用,其作用可能与下调肝组织ATP酶活性,减少ATP大量分解,使肝组织ATP含量升高,改善肝能量代谢,增加能量储备;改善肝组织微循环,减轻肝脏水肿有关。     

丙泊酚通过上调纤维细胞生长因子的表达激活磷酸肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2信号通路抑制体外培养神经元缺血/再灌注损伤

目的 探讨丙泊酚在脑缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,I/RI)中发挥的作用及其具体机制. 方法 采用氧糖剥夺再灌注(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/RP)法体外构建缺血/再灌注细胞模型,将细胞分为对照组、OGD/RP组、丙泊酚+OGD/RP组.采用甲基噻唑基四唑(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法检测皮质神经细胞存活率,Annexin V-PI检测细胞凋亡情况,即时聚合酶链式反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)方法检测碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)的mRNA表达情况,免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测丙泊酚对皮质神经细胞内bFGF,磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated protein kinase B,pAkt)以及磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2 (phosphorylated extr acellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2,pERK 1/2)蛋白表达的影响;采用小干扰RNA构建bFGF沉默的细胞. 结果 OGD/RP处理组神经细胞凋亡率为43.2％,经10 mg/L的丙泊酚预处理后,细胞的凋亡率降为19.5％.与对照组比较,OGD处理后,细胞中bFGF的含量显著下调(P＜0.05),丙泊酚处理的皮质神经元中bFGF含量显著高于OGD处理组(P＜0.05).丙泊酚能够上调pAKT以及pERK1/2的表达,激活这两条信号通路.沉默bFGF或者施加磷酸肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B(phosphotylinosital 3 kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)以及pERK1/2信号通路抑制剂都会导致细胞存活率显著下降(P＜0.05),抑制PI3K-Akt以及pERK1/2的激活. 结论 丙白酚可以通过上调bFGF的表达,激活PI3K-Akt和ERK 1/2信号通路,增加皮质神经元的存活.     

Pretreatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuated renal ischaemia and reperfusion injury via activation of PI3/Akt signal pathway

Aim: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to exert protective effects in various tissues and experimental models of ischaemia-induced injury. However, the mechanism of renoprotective action in ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) renal injury of G-CSF was unknown. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice, subjected to renal ischaemia for 45 min, 48 h and 7 days reperfusion, were administered either saline, wortmannin, G-CSF, and G-CSF plus wortmannin 3 days prior to I/R. Saline-treated group served as the control. At 48 h and 7 days of reperfusion, the mice were killed. Results: Significantly, renal dysfunction and morphological injury were identified at 48 h and 7 days after I/R. Wortmannin pretreatment worsened the renal injury significantly. However, G-CSF pretreatment significantly attenuated renal injury, reduced the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive ratio of renal tubular epithelial cells and inflammation cytokine expression in the kidney. Moreover, G-CSF pretreatment inhibited the expression of Bax and increased the expression of bcl-2 and p-Akt in the kidney. Wortmannin blunted the beneficial effects of G-CSF. Conclusion: The cytoprotective action of G-CSF against I/R injury seems to be associated with its anti-apoptotic action mediated by upregulation of p-Akt signal pathway.     

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶信号转导通路在芬太尼后处理和远隔缺血后处理心肌保护中的作用

目的 在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,I/RI)大鼠探讨磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphoinositide 3 kinase/serine-threonine kinase,PI3K/Akt)信号转导通路在芬太尼后处理和远隔缺血后处理心肌保护中的作用.方法 将32只成年雄性SD大鼠(体重250g～350 g)麻醉后,采用计算机产生的随机数随机分为4组:对照组(C组)、芬太尼后处理组(F组)、肢体远隔缺血后处理组(R组)及联合应用芬太尼后处理和肢体远隔缺血后处理组(F-R组).在结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支(left anterior descending coronary artery,LAD)30 min造成局部心肌缺血后,开放心肌再灌注60 min建立大鼠心肌I/RI模型.采用SA Bioscience公司功能分类基因芯片和免疫蛋白印迹分析法检测再灌注60 min后缺血区心肌内与PI3K/Akt相关基因的表达和磷酸化Akt蛋白的表达情况.结果 利用基因芯片检测的与PI3K/Akt相关的基因中,与C组比较,F组共有9个基因的表达显著上调,而R组仅2个基因的表达显著上调;但F-R组共有33个基因的表达较C组显著上调.蛋白印记分析结果显示,与C组比较,F组、R组和F-R组心肌标本内磷酸化Akt蛋白表达量均增高;而与F组和R组比较,F-R组心肌标本内磷酸化Akt蛋白表达量进一步增高.结论 联合应用芬太尼后处理和肢体远隔缺血后处理可明显增强PI3K/Akt信号转导通路激活.