超声生物显微镜对窄角眼房角的观察

目的：了解窄角眼房角结构的解剖形态特征,分析其形成原因。方法：选取门诊窄房角患者21例（32只眼）;宽角30眼作为对照,分别采用A超测厚仪及超声生物显微镜（UBM）对研究对象及正常对照组分别进行观察并运用专用软件给与测量。结果：与宽角眼相比,窄角眼具有浅前房、晶体厚度增加、眼轴缩短、相对晶体位置前移、睫状体变薄、小梁虹膜角变窄,房角开放距离变小、虹膜厚度缩小、虹膜晶体接触距离增大等解剖特点;晶体厚度和前房深度与睫状体厚度测量位置1与位置2有明显相关性。结论：窄角眼具有前房浅、晶体厚,晶状体相对位置偏前、眼轴变短、睫状体位置前移、小梁虹膜角变窄、房角开放距离变小、虹膜厚度缩小、虹膜晶体接触距离增大等解剖特点;窄角眼中睫状体变薄是晶体前移,厚度增加,前房变浅的重要相关因素之一．     

The effect of lens parameters on the development of the primary angle-closure glaucoma

Objective:To investigate the role the lens dimensions played on the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma.Methods:38 eyes of 20 patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and 35 eyes of 22 normal individuals without ocular abnormalities were examined. The anatomical parameters of the lens and other structures of the anterior segment were calculated using B ultrasound, computer image processing and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The parameters were compared between the patients and normal subjects. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the radii of curvature of the anterior lens surface (RCALS) and the other parameters of the anterior segment. Results:Compared with the normal eyes, the eyes of PACG had thicker lens, steeper curvature of anterior lens surface, decreased depth of the anterior chamber, narrower chamber angle, and more anterior position of the ciliary bodies and lens. All these differences were significant(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). In the PACG group, the RCALS had significantly negative correlation with the central and peripheral lens thickness (P ＜ 0.01 and P ＜ 0.05 respectively), and had positive correlation with relative lens position, anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle-open distance at 500 um(AOD500), trabecular iris angle(TIA) and trabecular ciliary processes distance(TCPD, P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion:The occurrence of PACG is relevant to the abnormal anatomical structures of the anterior segment. Among all factors, the lens parameters play an important role in the pathogenesis. Increased lens thickness, relative more anterior position of lens, especially steepened curvature of anterior lens surface are predisposing factors of the pathologic phenomenon in PACG including pupillary blockage, shallow anterior chamber, secondary closure of chamber angle and elevation of intraocular pressure.     

托吡卡胺所致的睫状肌麻痹对儿童眼前节参数的影响

目的 研究0.5%托吡卡胺滴眼液所致的睫状肌麻痹前后儿童眼前节参数的变化。方法 选择309名健康儿童,0.5%托吡卡胺滴眼液滴眼麻痹睫状肌,睫状肌麻痹前后分别采用Pentacam系统测量眼前节参数。分析睫状肌麻痹前后眼前节参数的变化以及不同屈光状态和不同性别儿童睫状肌麻痹前后眼前节参数的变化。结果 294名儿童的检查结果符合纳入标准。睫状肌麻痹后,中央角膜厚度（CCT）、角膜容积（CV）、前房深度（ACD）和前房容量（ACV）显著大于睫状肌麻痹前（P<0.05或P<0.01）,前房角(ACA)显著小于睫状肌麻痹前(P<0.05)。远视者睫状肌麻痹前后ACD差值显著大于正视者、低度近视者和中度近视者 (P<0.05),远视者睫状肌麻痹前后ACV差值显著大于低度近视者和中度近视者（P<0.001）。男孩睫状肌麻痹后ACA显著小于睫状肌麻痹前（P<0.05）,女孩睫状肌麻痹前后ACA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 0.5%托吡卡胺滴眼液可导致儿童CCT、CV、ACD和ACV显著增加,ACA显著减小。     

Comparison of the effects of two types of intraocular lens

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of implantation of flexible open-loop anterior chamber intraocular lens (FOAC-IOLs) and scleral fixated posterior ch amber intraocular lens (PC-IOLs).Methods Sixty-eight eyes of 68 patients with implanted intraocular lenses in the absenc e of posterior capsular support were reviewed retrospectively. According to the type of i ntraocular lens, patients were classified into two groups. In groupⅠ (30 eyes) , FOAC-IOLs was implanted primarily or secondarily. In group Ⅱ (38 eyes), scl eral fixated PC-IOLs was implanted primarily or secondarily. By gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), accurate positions of IOLs’ haptics and the rel ationship between the haptics and surrounding tissues were observed postoperativ ely and used to evaluate the influence of the two types of IOLs on ocular anteri or segments. Follow-up was 6 to 20 months. Results Best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 27 eyes (90.0%) in group Ⅰ, and 35 eyes (92.1%) in group Ⅱ and the difference was not statis tically significant (P&gt;0.05). In group Ⅰ, 23 eyes (76.7%) had a total of 40 complications, while 13 eyes (34.2%) had 19 complications in group Ⅱ (P &lt;0.05). Gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy showed that in group Ⅰ, all haptics of IOLs contacted with the iris completely and compressed the iris to different degrees, sometimes causing the anterior chamber angles to widen. Ant erior synechia of the iris was caused by the haptics of FOAC-IOLs in 12 eyes. Among the 60 IOLs haptics, 39 foot plates of the haptics were properly fixed at the ciliary band; 21 haptics (12 eyes) penetrated through the iris into the str oma of the ciliary body with accompanying recurrent uveitis. In group Ⅱ, amon g the 76 IOLs haptics, 52 were adequately fixed in the ciliary sulcus regions, a nd 8 (8 eyes) were placed below the iris, causing goniosynechia. This type of angle closure was localized, with an open angle on each side of the haptics. T he remaining 16 haptics were fixed onto the ciliary crown.Conclusions The current sutured mode of scleral fixated PC-IOLs can not ensure that IOLs ha ptics are placed in the ciliary sulcus. The haptics of FOAC-IOLs compress the iris and may penetrate through the iris into the stroma of the ciliary body. Th is can cause peripheral iris anterior synechia and chronic recurrent uveitis. T he implantation of scleral fixated PC-IOLs is safer and shows better effects th an that of FOAC-IOLs.     

应用超声生物显微镜观察高褶虹膜综合征患者的房角变化

目的 在光照和暗室条件下,通过超声生物显微镜(UBM)观察高褶虹膜综合征患者房角的变化情况.方法 对诊断为高褶虹膜综合征的20例患者(24眼),在光照和暗室条件下分别行UBM检查.结果 暗室条件下,24眼房角均关闭.在光照条件下,房角关闭16眼,开放8眼,房角开放眼均为周边虹膜肥厚型.结论 由于周边虹膜肥厚所致的高褶虹膜综合征患者,其房角的状态随光照条件的改变呈动态变化,在暗室条件下,房角关闭,在光照条件下,房角开放.临床中可行UBM检查鉴别窄角慢性单纯型青光眼.     

应用超声生物显微镜对角膜疾病的诊断分析

目的 探讨眼前节疾病的超声生物显微镜表现及超声生物显微镜在眼前节疾病诊断的意义。方法 应用超声生物显微镜对１６０例（１８９只眼）角膜水肿、角膜混浊、角膜屈光手术、角膜移植手术患者进行检查,对其超声表现进行总结。结果 超声生物显微镜可以清晰地显示角膜的三层结构,以及虹膜、晶状体、房角等眼前节结构的形态,对其组织间的正常及异常解剖关系进行观察,为进一步治疗提供依据。结论 超声生物显微镜是一种新的眼前节     

采用闭合式单针法修复21例大范围虹膜根部离断的疗效分析

目的 探讨严重钝性眼外伤行前后节联合手术时对大范围虹膜根部离断修复简便有效方法.方法 对≥90°虹膜根部离断严重钝性眼外伤21例21眼,在联合行玻璃体切割术前行闭合式单针虹膜根部离断修复术,先切除脱入前房内的玻璃体,用粘弹剂将卷曲虹膜回复至原位,将预先穿入10-0尼龙线1 ml注射器针头自角膜缘1 mm 切口进针,将离...     

急性闭角型青光眼不同眼压下前房角的改变与手术方式的选择

目的：评估急性闭角型青光眼在不同眼压状态下前房角的形态改变以及采取不同手术方式的治疗效果。方法：对2005年4月～2008年6月于我院就诊的急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期和前驱期患者105例135眼,应用前房角镜和超声生物显微镜（UBM）观察在不同眼压下发病眼的前房角的改变,根据其形态的变化采取不同的手术方式,包括超声乳化联合折叠人工晶体植入手术及双切口青光眼白内障联合手术等手术方式。术后常规应用激素和抗生素药物治疗。观察6～24个月。结果：本组患者术前前房角为关闭状态,周边虹膜形态为S,虹膜根部附着位置为AC（Spaeth房角分级法）。药物治疗后部分病例前房角开放。术后本组所有患者的视力均有提高,眼压控制稳定为20 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）。术后前房角宽度大于术前。术中和术后无严重并发症发生。观察6～24个月,眼压持续稳定,术后1周的前房角形态与术后6个月的前房角形态无明显改变。结论：根据不同眼压状态下前房角的形态变化,采取不同手术方式治疗急性闭角型青光眼,可取得稳定的术后效果。     

早期闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周切术前后前房角改变的UBM测量

目的:通过超声生物显微镜UBM直观动态地了解早期闭角型青光眼行YAG激光虹膜周切术前后前房角定量改变和虹膜膨隆形态的改变.方法:随机对确诊为早期闭角型青光眼的门诊患者15人24眼,裂隙灯下检查前房角均＜1/3CT,经房角镜检查按Scheie分类法均为窄Ⅱ～窄Ⅳ之间.在行YAG激光虹膜周切术之前和术后,用UBM各行一次前房测量,同时观察虹膜膨隆形态的改变.结果:UBM测量显示YAG激光虹膜周切术后前房角明显增宽,周边虹膜不再向前膨隆,前房角＞1/3CT.经配对t检验差异具有显著性(P<0.01).提示早期闭角型青光眼行激光虹膜周切术后前房角明显增宽、虹膜膨隆变平.结论:YAG激光虹膜周切术对早期闭角型青光眼治疗有效.     

正常人眼前段组织与房角开放度数的关系

【目的】 分析正常人房角开放度数(AA)与眼前段结构的关系&#65377; 【方法】 收集211例(211只眼)正常人,采用眼前段光学相干断层扫描仪(AS-OCT)扫描其前房和晶状体,并测量前房深度(ACD)&#65380;前房横径(ACHD)&#65380;解剖前房深度(AACD)&#65380;睫状体带长度(CBL)&#65380;虹膜厚度(IT)&#65380;晶状体厚度(LT)&#65380;晶状体位置(LP)以及晶状体前极的位置(LAAP)&#65377;采用直线相关分析这8个参数与AA的关系&#65377; 【结果】 AA的均值为(40 ± 17)°,男性(44 ± 18)°,女性(37 ± 16)°,比较差异有统计学意义(t = 2.893,P = 0.004)&#65377;AA与ACD(r = 0.721,P = 0.000)&#65380;LT(r = -0.545,P = 0.000)&#65380;CBL(r = 0.615,P = 0.000)&#65380;LAAP(r = -0.717,P = 0.000)&#65380;LP(r = 0.557,P = 0.000)和ACHD(r = 0.175,P = 0.011)相关,与AACD(r = 0.130,P = 0.059)&#65380;IT(r = 0.129,P = 0.061)无相关性&#65377; 【结论】 女性的房角比男性窄;在眼前段组织中,决定正常人房角宽窄的最关键的因素为晶状体&#65380;睫状体和虹膜根部的附着位置&#65377;     

Primary angle closure glaucoma in Chinese and Western populations

目的：原发性闭角型青光眼的研究进展。方法：对近年来中国眼科学以及国外学在这方面的这方面的研究工作特别是对超声生物显微镜用于原发性闭角型青光眼研究后的研究工作及有关献进行了归纳和复习。结果：根据房角关闭,中国人的原发性闭角型青光眼可分为三种类型：1.多种机制共存型。2.单纯瞳孔阻滞型。3.非瞳孔阻滞型。由于多种机制共存型闭青的临床特点及对治疗的反应不同于其它类型闭青,除了要解除其瞳孔阻滞因素外,同时要针对性地处理共同存在的非瞳孔阻滞因素。结论：超声生物显微镜在闭青的研究、诊断以及对治疗效果的评价方面的应用促进了闭青的认识,随着这一技术的普及,将大大提高闭青的诊治水平。     

Gonioscopy and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in the Detection of Angle Closure in Patients with Shallow Anterior Chamber

Objective To assess the agreement between gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy （UBM） in detecting angle closure in Chinese patients with shallow anterior chamber. Methods An observational comparative study of the two different examination methods was conducted. Patients with normal intraocular pressure and temporal peripheral anterior chamber depth less than a quarter of corneal thickness based on slit lamp examination were included in this study from December 2007 to May 2009 in the outpatient clinic of First Hospital of Tsinghua University. Gonioscopy was performed with a Goldman goniolens in dark room first and followed by full beam light and indentation. If the filtering trabecular meshwork was invisible or any peripheral anterior synechia was found, that quadrant of the angle was considered closed. UBM was first undertaken in a darkened room then repeated with normal room lighting. If iridotrabecular apposition was showed, that quadrant of the angle was considered closed. The status of angle closure of each quadrant with different methods was recorded. Results 85 eyes of 46 patients were included in this study. The agreement between gonioscopy and UBM was poor （κ〈0.4） with Kappa analysis in both dark and light conditions in each quadrant. The accordance of agreement between gonioscopy and UBM was hardly affected by age or sex, while in dark condition, eyes with deeper anterior chamber （P=0.005） or plateau iris configuration tended to produce different results （P=0.075） in the 2 methods. Conclusion Gonioscopy and UBM are both indispensable methods for detecting angle closure, neither can completely replace the other.     

前节缺血致实验性兔虹膜新生血管模型

目的应用前节缺血的方法制备家兔实验性虹膜新生血管模型,观测其眼压波动、眼前节特别是虹膜组织病理学改变。方法对35只家兔的右眼行上、下直肌离断加涡静脉阻塞手术,用数字表法随机取30只家兔为第1组,从术前2d及术后每天测量眼压、裂隙灯观察至术后25d处死。眼球摘除后行HE和CD34免疫组化染色,光镜下观察。余5只家兔为第2组,从术前2d及术后每天行裂隙灯观察,至术后第9天处死,摘除眼球做组织学观察。左眼均作为对照仅测定眼压、裂隙灯观察及眼球摘除后光镜下观察。结果术后眼压呈先上升后下降趋势,最终稳定于低眼压水平。裂隙灯下虹膜新生血管于术后4～6d开始出现,术后9d时最明显,此后逐渐消退。HE和CD34染色显示2组家兔的实验眼均可见纤维血管增生膜堵塞房角,虹膜表面可见新生血管,术后25d组织学可见睫状体明显萎缩,术后9d睫状体以出血坏死为主,2组视网膜均未见明显异常。结论利用上、下直肌离断加涡静脉阻塞致前节缺血方法制作的实验性虹膜新生血管模型操作简单、廉价实用、虹膜新生血管出现率较高。     

硅油填充术后眼压及房角改变

目的分析硅油填充术后眼的房角改变及其与眼压升高的关系。方法对行硅油填充术后27例29只眼术后的眼压变化进行回顾性分析,硅油取出术前进行超声生物显微镜、裂隙灯显微镜及非接触眼压检查。结果29只眼中有12只眼术后出现了硅油继发性青光眼,发生率为41.4%。眼压开始升高时间从术后第2天至术后5年不等。最高眼压从29mmHg～56mmHg,平均39.5mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。超声生物显微镜和裂隙灯显微镜的检查结果显示,正常眼压组和硅油继发性青光眼组相比较,后者中前房硅油颗粒、硅油乳化、周边虹膜前粘连、无晶体眼及人工晶体眼的所占比例明显高于前者。硅油取出术后,继发性青光眼的12只眼3d内眼压全部恢复正常,1周后眼压>24mmHg的2只眼在1月后眼压>24mmHg的仅有1只眼。该眼于取硅油术后1月行睫状体光凝术,术后眼压控制。结论前房硅油颗粒、硅油乳化、周边虹膜前粘连、无晶体眼及人工晶体眼,有可能是硅油继发性青光眼的危险因素。硅油取出术是治疗硅油继发性青光眼的相对有效的方法。     

Anterior segment changes on ultrasound biomicroscopy after intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor injection

BackgroundIntravitreal injections are standard of care today and have the potential to change the anatomy of the anterior segment of the eye. This research was undertaken to evaluate the changes in anterior segment anatomy after intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF) injections.MethodsWe conducted a prospective interventional case series at a quaternary care center where patients undergoing intravitreal injection had pre and post injection ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement after intravitreal anti VEGF injection of 0.05 ml volume.Results75 eyes of 75 patients as per inclusion criteria were studied. A transient rise in IOP post intravitreal injection was found immediately after the injection. The mean rise from baseline was 17 mmHg immediately after injection and IOP returned to normal within 30 min in all cases. Angle measurement done as per established techniques revealed no significant changes in the angles and anterior chamber.ConclusionIntravitreal anti VEGF injections had no readily apparent short term concerns. IOP rise was transient and no case was found to have IOP high enough to cause concern for interruption of the optic nerve perfusion or statistically significant narrowing of the anterior chamber angle.     

急性闭角型青光眼行超声乳化人工晶体植入术的临床观察

目的：探讨超声乳化白内障吸出联合后房型人工晶体植入术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法回顾分析急性闭角型青光眼患者30例32眼,均伴有不同程度的晶状体混浊,入院后行超声乳化白内障吸出联合后房型人工晶体植入术。观察手术前后眼压、前房深度、前房角、视力及术中术后并发症,随访6～12个月。结果术中未出现明显的并发症,术后眼压稳定,最佳矫正视力均有提高。术后1d、1周、3个月中央前房深度（ACD）、房角开放距离500（AOD500）、小梁虹膜夹角（TIA）与术前相比,差异均具有显著性（P＜0．05）,角膜内皮细胞计数与术前相比,差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。结论单纯行超声乳化白内障吸出联合后房型人工晶体植入术是治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的有效手术方法之一,具有显著的降压和增视效果。     

伴睫状体脱离的复杂眼外伤联合手术27例

目的评价睫状体复位联合玻璃体切割在治疗伴有睫状体脱离的复杂眼外伤中的临床疗效。方法严重眼外伤患者27例,超声生物显微镜（UBM）探查所有外伤眼睫状体360°全周脱离,离断口的范围在3～5个钟点。术前视力光感～眼前手动,平均眼压（6.03±3.25）mmHg。伴随症状包括轻度角膜血染、外伤性扩瞳、前房积血、虹膜根部离断、晶状体脱位或半脱位、外伤性白内障、玻璃体混浊、视网膜脱离、脉络膜脱离等。所有患眼施行玻璃体切割联合睫状体修补术,其它操作包括晶状体切除、虹膜离断口修补、视网膜复位或巩膜外穿刺放液等。结果术后UBM显示所有患眼睫状体复位。所有外伤眼术后视力较术前明显提高。术后1月平均眼压（19.33±5.05）mmHg。24眼（88.89%）屈光间质清晰,所有患眼随访期间视网膜、脉络膜在位。结论对于睫状体离断口范围超过2个钟点的复杂眼外伤患者,玻璃体视网膜手术联合睫状体修补术可有效恢复眼球的解剖结构,并保存有效的的视功能。     

后房型巩膜缝线固定人工晶状体对前房角结构的影响

目的:观察后房型巩膜缝线固定人工晶状体(IOL)襻的位置及其对睫状体、前房角结构的影响。方法:回顾性研究2006年3月至2008年12月在我院行后房型巩膜缝线固定IOL植入术的患者28例(30眼),使用超声活体显微镜测量睫状突位置和前房角结构参数,术后随访6-12个月。结果:13眼双襻固定于睫状沟(43.3%);16眼单襻位于睫状沟,另一襻位于虹膜根部4眼(13.3%)或位于睫状体冠部12眼(40.0%);1眼双襻位于虹膜根部后(3.3%)。手术后睫状突位置参数较手术前无显著变化,前房角参数显著下降。结论:后房型巩膜缝线固定IOL襻位置不能确保位于睫状沟。手术后前房角开放程度下降,襻位置的变异对睫状突位置没有明确影响。     

急性闭角型青光眼急性发作后继发睫状体脉络膜脱离的临床观察

目的观察急性闭角型青光眼急性发作缓解后继发睫状体脉络膜脱离的眼压和前房深度的变化,探讨继发睫状体脉络膜脱离发生的原因及其临床意义。方法分析2007年1月～12月在我院住院的160例160眼急性闭角型青光眼,发作缓解后,40例（40眼）经UBM检查,发现有睫状体或脉络膜脱离。5例（5眼）临床前期眼检出睫状体脉络膜脱离;用Goldmann压平眼压计和UBM分别测量这组病例急性发作时和发现睫状体脉络膜脱离时的眼压和前房深度,并进行SPSS10.0统计学分析。结果急性发作期眼压（50.8±5.6）mmHg,临床前期眼压（15．7±3．2）mmHg,急性发作期前房中央深度（1.662±0．235）mm,发作缓解继发睫状体脉络膜脱离时眼压（8．3±3.5）mmHg,前房中央深度（1．573±0．180）mm。UBM图像分析示急性发作缓解后睫状体脱离。17例,脉络膜脱离23例。结论急性发作眼及临床前期眼在急性闭角型青光眼急性发作缓解后皆可发生睫状体脉络膜脱离,主要原因可能与眼压大幅快速下降有关。UBM在急,陆闭角型青光眼急性发作前后具有较高的应用价     

眼前节生物测量及房角狭窄原因分析

目的从生物测量的角度,对影响前房角宽度的解剖因素加以识别和定量分析。方法采用前节光学相干断层成像仪(AS-OCT,Visante,CarlZeissMeditec,USA),对入选的研究对象行眼前节成像及生物测量。运用相关关系分析找出与房角开放距离相关的解剖参数,并建立参数的多元逐步回归方程。结果研究对象共计212例212眼,其中女性179例(84.4%),男性33例(15.6%),年龄平均(60.6±8.94)岁。经统计学分析,建立多元逐步回归方程如下:房角开放距离=-0.377+0.310×中央前房深度-0.395×500μm虹膜厚度+0.236×晶体突度-0.033×瞳孔直径-0.222×虹膜膨隆高度。结论前节各解剖参数之间相互关联。中央前房深度、500μm虹膜厚度、晶体突度、瞳孔直径、虹膜膨隆高度直接影响了房角的宽度。