胰腺结石的诊断与外科治疗(附10例报告)

目的　探讨胰腺结石的外科诊断方法与外科手术方式。方法　对 10例胰腺结石病人的诊治情况进行了回顾性分析。结果　B超诊断结石 6例 ,ERCP检查 4例 ,腹部X线摄片检查3例 ;胰十二指肠切除 2例 ,切开胰管取石、胰管空肠侧侧吻合术 5例 ,囊肿Roux Y吻合术 1例 ,脾胰体尾切除与胰体尾切除各 1例。结论　B超、腹部平片、CT和ERCP对胰腺结石是有效的诊断手段。手术方式的选择取决于胰腺结石的部位、主胰管狭窄程度、是否合并胰腺癌肿与胰腺囊肿、有无慢性胰腺炎与糖尿病情况。     

胰管结石37例诊断与治疗

目的 探讨胰管结石的诊断与治疗方法.方法 回顾性总结我院1977 年8 月至2010 年11 月收治的37 例患者,其中伴慢性胰腺炎30 例,伴胆囊炎、胆管结石5 例,胰头部囊肿4 例,胆总管囊肿2 例,胰腺癌5例,糖尿病8 例.其中手术治疗25 例,内镜下治疗7 例,自动出院5 例.结果 胰管结石的临床表现以上腹部疼痛、脂肪泻、糖尿病、梗阻性黄疽及腹部包块多见,有时甚至表现为上消化道出血.B 超、CT、MRCP、ERCP 等确诊率高,ERCP 可清晰显露胰管结石,对胰头部结石可行十二指肠乳头切开取石.本组行胰十二指肠切除术2例;胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合术19 例,加做胰腺囊肿切开内引流术3 例,胆总管囊肿切除2 例,胆囊切除、胆道探查5 例;内镜下十二指肠乳头切开(EST)取石7 例;4 例合并胰腺癌的患者分别行"胰体尾部联合脏器切除"(1 例)、"胰腺癌扩大根治术加自体小肠移植"(1 例)及"胰十二指肠切除术"(2 例).结论 应重视胰管结石的早期诊断及治疗,对于良性患者首选术式为胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合术.CT 对胰管结石合并胰腺癌有很好的定性定位价值,强调制定"个体化手术治疗方案"治疗胰管结石合并胰腺癌的患者.     

慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石外科治疗体会

目的 探讨慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择.方法 对1991年6月至2006年6月收治的17例慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石手术治疗的患者进行回顾性分析,总结不同类型的胰管结石的手术方式及结果.结果 本组17例中胰头部胰管结石13例,胰体尾部胰管结石4例,合并胆石症6例,其中6例行胰管切开取石胰管空肠吻合术(Partington法);4例行胰管胃吻合术(Warren法);3例行保留十二指肠胰头次全切除术(Beger法);3例行胰尾切除胰腺空肠吻合术(Duval法);1例行胰尾、脾切除胰腺空肠吻合术.17例临床治愈,其中上腹部顽固性疼痛完全缓解15例,血糖控制2例,胰漏2例,1例术后11个月死于胰腺癌.结论 针对慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石患者的不同状况采取的手术方式应高度个体化,有主胰管扩张者采取引流术,无胰管扩张及局部胰腺病变者采取胰腺部分切除联合内引流术,同时注意尽量保存胰腺组织功能,可明显改善患者生活质量.     

胰管结石的外科治疗

目的:探讨胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择。方法:回顾性分析11例胰管结石患者的临床资料。11例中采用胰管切开取石胰管空肠Roux en Y吻合术3例，胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux en Y吻合术＋胆管探查＋T管外引流术2例，胰管切开取石＋气压弹道碎石＋胰管空肠Roux en Y吻合术3例，胰体尾切除、胰断端空肠Roux en Y吻合术1例，合并胰腺癌采用胰十二指肠切除术2例。结果:11例均痊愈;2例合并胰腺癌者于术后1～1.5年后死亡。结论:引流术和胰腺切除术仍是胰管结石的主要治疗方法，有主胰管扩张者采用引流术，无胰管扩张和胰腺病变局限化者采用胰腺部分切除加引流术；对结石位于胰头钩突、胰管扩张而无法取净的胰管结石需采用气压弹道碎石＋引流术。     

胰管空肠内固定支架粘膜吻合术预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏

目的探讨胰管空肠内固定支架粘膜吻合术对预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰空肠吻合口漏的效果。方法壶腹周围癌患者23例，胰十二指肠切除后行胰管空肠吻合时于胰管内放置内固定支架并引流至空肠肠腔内。结果23例均行胰管空肠内固定支架粘膜吻合术成功，术后无一例发生胰漏，均治愈出院。结论胰管空肠内固定支架粘膜吻合术可预防胰漏发生，方法简单有效，值得推广。     

改良Vater壶腹部切除的根治术治疗壶腹周围癌

目的：探讨行壶腹部改良切除术治疗Vater壶腹部周围癌,减少非肿瘤器官切除,提高疗效的手术方法。方法：总结1995－1998年13例壶腹周围癌行扩大壶腹部切除的根治术的经验,经十二指肠后外侧入路,整块切除肝外胆道,胆胰管汇合部,壶腹部及十二指肠乳头,十二指肠乳头封闭术,胆,胰,十二指肠间置空肠或胆,胰空肠Roux-en-y吻合术。结果：围手术期死亡1例,并发 1例经再手术治愈,随访术后半年以上9例,最长生存29个月,无并发症及转移征象。结论：（1）该术式符合胰十二指肠解剖关系;（2）按肿瘤治疗原则能达到广泛程度清扫;（3）初行该术式者应掌握胰十二指肠切除术。     

胰管结石外科治疗术式探讨

目的探讨胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择。方法对7例胰管结石患者进行手术治疗。采用胆管、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除、胆管探查、T管引流术4例,采用胰管切开取石、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆管探查、T管引流术1例,采用保留十二指肠的胰头切除、尾侧胰腺断端空肠(端侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除及胆总管探查取石、T管引流术1例,采用胰十二指肠切除术1例。结果7例均痊愈,其中1例术前并发上消化道大出血,误切第一组小肠,遗有短肠综合征;另1例生存至1.5年后发生胰腺癌变死亡。结论外科手术仍是本病主要的治疗方法,主要有引流术和胰腺部分切除术,有主胰管扩张者宜采用引流术,无胰管扩张和胰腺病变局限化者,可用胰腺部分切除术,再联合内引流术;依据胰腺病变的具体情况选择最佳术式,手术疗效满意。     

胰管结石诊断与手术治疗：附11例报告

目的：探讨胰管结石诊断与手术治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析收治11例胰管结石患者的临床资料。结果：患者均缺乏特异性症状, 其中6例出现（54.5%）上腹疼痛伴肩背部放射痛。11例均行B超检查, 诊断阳性率为54.5%（6/11）；均行CT, 阳性率100%；6例行逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）, 阳性率100%；6例行磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）, 阳性率100%。患者均采用手术治疗, 8例采用胰管切开取石, 胰管-空肠Roux en Y吻合术, 3例合并胰头癌者行胰十二指肠切除, 均将结石取出。术后随访3个月, 随访率100%。结论：以ERCP为主的多种诊断方法联用可提高胰管结石的诊断准确率。手术治疗仍有其重要的意义, 首选胰管切开取石, 胰管-空肠Roux en Y吻合术, 合并胰头癌者应行胰十二指肠切除术。     

胰管结石的诊断及处理

目的探讨胰管绱石的诊断及外科处理方法。方法对1985—2005年于术治疗的24例胰管结石的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组均采用影像学检查方法（B超，腹部X线平片，CT，内镜逆行胰胆管造影．磁共振胰胆管造影）确诊。行胰切开取石、胰管空肠侧侧Roux-en-Y吻合术19例，胰体尾切除、胰断端套入空肠端Roux-en-Y吻合术4例，胰十二指肠切作术1例。无手术并发症。术后24例随访2个月至4年。23例术前有上腹痛症状者，术后19例腹痛消失，4例腹痛减轻。8例合并糖尿病者，4例血糖恢复正常。5例合并脂肪泻者，2例脂肪泻消失，1例减轻。结论影像学检查是确诊胰管结石的主要方法。胰管切开取石、胰管空肠侧侧Roux-en-Y吻合术为治疗胰管结石的主要术式。     

胰石症的诊断与治疗体会(附16例报告)

目的 探讨胰管石症的诊断与治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结我院1977～2002年6月收治的16例病人,3例合并胰腺癌,2例合并胰头部囊肿,1例合并胆总管囊肿,其中手术治疗10例,十二指肠乳头切开取石3例,拒绝手术自动出院3例。结果 胰石症多以上腹痛为首发症状,B型超声、ERCP、CT等确诊率高,其中B型超声为首选检查方法,CT对胰管结石合并胰腺癌有很好的定性定位价值,ERCP可清晰显露胰管结石,对胰头部结石可行十二指肠乳头切开取石。本组行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合术8例,2例胰管结石合并胰腺癌的病人分别行“胰体尾部联合脏器切除术”和“胰腺癌扩大根治术加自体小肠移植”,内镜下十二指肠乳头切开取石3例,加做胰腺囊肿切开内引流术2例,胆总管囊肿切除1例。结论 B型超声为诊断胰石症的首选检查法,首选术式为胰管切开取石,胰管空肠吻合术。CT对胰管结石合并胰腺癌有很好的定性定位价值,强调制定“个体化手术治疗方案”治疗胰管结石合并胰腺癌的病人。     

慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石的外科治疗

目的 探讨慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石的外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析66例慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石患者的临床资料,将其分为4型:Ⅰ型28例分布在胰头部;Ⅱ型30例在胰体部;Ⅲ型1例在胰尾部;Ⅳ型7例在胰头、胰体、胰尾部主胰管.10例(Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅳ型1例)经镇痛、抑酸、应用生长抑素、抗感染等治疗.10例(Ⅰ型)行内镜取石术.Ⅰ型14例行胰头十二指肠切除术和保留十二指肠胰头部分切除术;Ⅱ型25例行胰管切开取石+胰管空肠吻合术;Ⅲ型1例行胰尾部+脾切除术;Ⅳ型6例行Puestow-Gillesby和胰颈部离断+胰管探查取石+胰管两断端空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.结果 62例随访2个月至15年,Ⅰ型术后结石复发4例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型0例,Ⅳ型3例.结论 慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石确诊后应争取早日手术治疗,根据结石分布范围选择相应的治疗方式.正确的术前及术中诊断、分型及个体化处理在预防慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石外科治疗后结石复发中有重要意义.     

胰管结石诊治13例报告

目的探讨胰管结石症的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性总结１９８７～１９９７年６月收治的胰石症患者１３例,其中手术治疗１１例。结果胰石症多以上腹痛为首发症状,术前Ｂ型超声、ＥＲＣＰ、ＣＴ等都可成功诊断,其中Ｂ型超声为首选检查方法,ＥＲＣＰ可清晰显露胰管结石,对本病诊断有特殊临床意义。本组行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠ＲｏｕｘｅｎＹ吻合术１１例,其中加做Ｏｄｄｉｓ括约肌成形术３例,加做胰腺囊肿穿刺针吸术３例,效果良好。结论Ｂ型超声为诊断胰石症的首选检查法,首选术式为胰管切开取石,胰管空肠ＲｏｕｘｅｎＹ吻合术     

Adenocarcinoma duodenal: resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de una serie unicéntrica de 27 pacientes

IntroductionDuodenal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy. Given the rarity of the disease, there is limited data related to resection results. The objective is to analyze results at our hospital after the curative resection of duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA).MethodsThe variables were retrospectively collected from patients operated on between 1990 and 2017 at our hospital.ResultsA total of 27 patients were treated. Twenty-three patients (85%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, and 4 patients (15%) with tumors located in the third and fourth portions of the duodenum underwent segmental duodenal resection. The overall postoperative morbidity was 67% (18 patients). Postoperative mortality was 7% (2 patients); however, postoperative mortality related to surgery was 4% (1 patient). All patients had negative resection margins. A median of 18 lymph nodes (range, 0-38) were retrieved and evaluated, with a median of 1 involved node (range, 0-8). Median follow up was 23 (9-69.7) months. Actuarial overall survival was 62.2 (25.2-99.1) months. Actuarial disease-free survival was 49 (0-133) months.ConclusionsThe surgical treatment of duodenal adenocarcinoma is associated with a high morbidity, although it achieves considerable survival. Depending on the tumor location and if there is no pancreatic infiltration, segmental duodenal resection with negative margins is an alternative to cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

Modified Technique of Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis with Invagination Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Leakage from pancreatic anastomoses remains the single most important morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and mortality. This observational cohort study reported the surgical outcome of a modified invagination technique of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: Between December 2001 and December 2007, a total of 52 consecutive patients underwent elective pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign or malignant pathologies of the pancreas or the periampullary region in a tertiary referral center. All patients underwent our modified invagination technique of pancreaticojejunostomy regardless of the characteristics of the pancreatic stump. Data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: The mean hospital stay was 12.6 +/- 3.2 days. The incidence of overall surgical complications was 9.6%. No patient developed pancreatic fistula. One patient (1.9%) died of respiratory failure on postoperative day 7. CONCLUSIONS: We reported our pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis technique with a pancreatic fistula rate of 0% and low intra-abdominal complication rate. The favorable results of this technique warrant further investigation in large prospective cohort studies and prospective randomized controlled studies.     

Management of pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy: results in 437 consecutive patients

HYPOTHESIS: Pancreatic fistula (PF), a common and potentially lethal complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy, can be managed nonoperatively in most cases. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Major academic medical and pancreatic surgery center. PATIENTS: A total of 437 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for various diagnoses between January 1, 1988, and August 31, 2004. INTERVENTIONS: Conservative management of PF with an intraoperatively placed closed-suction drain near the pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis, computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage, and surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of PF after pancreaticoduodenectomy and patient outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients (12.6%) developed a PF, which was most common after resections for ampullary tumors (21.1%) and cystic neoplasms (31.3%), and uncommon after resection for pancreatic cancer (6.5%). The mean number of complications (excluding PF) was greater in the PF group (PF, 1.24; no PF, 0.54; P<.001), but these did not prolong hospital stay (PF, 15.2 days; no PF, 13.7 days; P = .20). Biliary fistula, sepsis, reoperation, and late biliary stricture were more common in patients with PF (P<.05), but mortality rate and long-term survival in patients with either pancreatic or ampullary cancer were unaffected by the presence of PF (P>.40). Fifty-two patients (94.5%) had successful conservative management of their PF with prolonged tube drainage; 4 also required CT-guided percutaneous drainage. Three patients (5.5%) underwent reoperation and 1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic fistula is a common problem after pancreaticoduodenectomy. It is associated with increased morbidity, but it does not affect the mortality rate. More than 90% of PF cases can be managed nonoperatively without significantly prolonging hospital stay.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式的选择

目的：比较胰十二指肠切除术（PD）中应用不同胰肠吻合方式的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2008年3月—2013年3月收治的260例行PD患者的临床资料,其中胰管直径≥4 cm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合术（135例）,胰管直径<4 cm的患者,空肠管腔口径<胰腺残端直径者采用改良Child胰肠吻合（67例）;空肠管腔口径≥胰腺残端直径者采用捆绑式胰肠吻合（58例）,比较各组的临床疗效及术后并发症的发生率。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术,3组患者并发症的发生率如胰瘘、腹腔感染、腹腔出血、消化功能异常及平均住院时间的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。1例老年患者术后第4天发生脑血管意外死亡,余患者平均随访3.2（2~4）个月,期间未发现复发、转移及死亡。结论：在PD术中应依据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径及空肠管腔口径选择胰肠吻合方式,恰当的胰肠吻合方式可取得良好的临床疗效。

     

Pancreatic head resection and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy for the treatment of the focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism

PurposeTo determine the outcome of patients who underwent pancreatic head resection and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy to the remaining normal pancreatic body and tail for the treatment of a focal lesion in the pancreatic head causing congenital hyperinsulinism (HI).MethodsOne hundred thirty-eight patients underwent pancreatic resection for focal HI between 1998 and 2010. Twenty-three patients in the group underwent pancreatic head resection and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy.ResultsThere were 13 females and 10 males. Median age and weight at surgery were 8 weeks and 5.8 kg, respectively. Twenty-one patients had a near-total pancreatic head resection, and 2 patients had a pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure. The pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis was performed with interrupted fine monofilament sutures such that the transected end of the pancreatic body was tucked within the end of the Roux-en-Y jejunal limb. Median hospital stay was 22 days. All patients were cured of HI.ConclusionWe conclude that pancreatic head resection with Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of the HI patient with a large focal lesion in the pancreatic head that is not amenable to local resection alone.     

无支架胰管成型法胰肠吻合在胰十二指肠切除术的应用

目的探讨无支架管引流胰管成型法胰肠吻合在胰十二指肠切除术的应用方法和胰瘘的预防。方法自2012年1月至12月,27例胰十二指肠切除术胰肠吻合全部行胰管成型,不放置支架管内引流或外引流。结果27例胰管内径2.5～8.0 mm,全部完成胰管成型胰肠吻合术,根据国际及国内胰瘘诊断标准,胰瘘发生2例,发生率7.4%,均为A级胰瘘,术后总住院时间10～14天。结论无支架管引流胰管成型法胰肠吻合简化了胰十二指肠手术,胰瘘发生率较低,明显缩短了住院时间。     

Pancreatic transection using a sharp hook-shaped ultrasonically activated scalpel

Background and aims  The operative mortality and morbidity associated with pancreatic surgery has been decreasing; however, pancreatic fistula remains a major cause of a potentially fatal complication. Although different devices and techniques have been proposed to reduce of the postoperative pancreatic fistula, none has gained unanimous acceptance. We herein describe a new technique for pancreatic transection using a sharp hook-shaped ultrasonically activated scalpel (UAS). Materials and methods  Between December 2004 and June 2006, 32 patients who had undergone pancreatectomies performed using the sharp hook-shaped UAS (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA) were studied. Results  The incidence of pancreatic fistula in these patients was 6.3% (2/32). Both cases underwent a distal pancreatectomy. No patient had systemic organ failure induced by postoperative pancreatic fistula, and conservative drainage management improved the pancreatic fistula. No pancreatic fistulas developed in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with a duct-to-mucosa anastomosis pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatic transection using the sharp hook-shaped UAS. Conclusion  Pancreatic transection using the sharp hook-shaped UAS is an easy and useful method that facilitates detection of the main pancreatic duct with minimal blood loss. It may contribute to lower morbidity and mortality after pancreatic resection.     

Safety and function of isolated Roux loop pancreaticojejunostomy after Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy.

A novel method of pancreatic anastomosis after proximal Whipple-type resection: classical pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), has been evaluated over a 5-year period from 1987 to 1992 in 52 patients. Indications for resection included chronic pancreatitis (n = 9) and neoplasms (n = 43). Reconstruction involved a cephalad end-to-end duodeno-/gastro-jejunal anastomosis with a biliary anastomosis 6-8 cm downstream. A separate isolated defunctioned Roux loop was used to construct a duct-to-mucosa (Wirsung-jejunal) pancreaticojejunostomy. Median postoperative stay was 18.0 days (range 11-32 days); three deaths (operative mortality 5.8%) occurred due to sepsis (subhepatic abscess), profound hypoglycaemia and necrotising pancreatitis respectively. These deaths were not related to pancreatic fistula. There were no pancreatic leaks (defined as greater than 50 ml of amylase-rich fluid for more than 7 days). Postoperative exocrine pancreatic function was good as assessed by re-establishment of preoperative weight (achieved in 35 of 40, ie 88% of surviving PPPD patients), clinical steatorrhoea (present in 10 of 41, ie 24% of surviving patients resected for neoplasm), and the need for pancreatic exocrine supplements (required in only 4 of 41, ie 9.8% of surviving patients resected for neoplasm). Twenty patients considered to have normal pancreatic remnants underwent a p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) excretion test at 3 to 18 months after operation. Median PABA excretion index was 48% (range 24-100%). Isolated defunctioned duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy is a safe procedure offering good functional results after Whipple''s PD or PPPD resection.