广西地区急性中毒程度的影响因素研究

目的探讨广西地区急性中毒程度的相关影响因素。方法采用回顾性调查分析方法对2005～2009年6011例中毒患者的临床资料进行查阅、分类统计及分析。结果在6011例中,轻、中、重度中毒分别为2577例(42.87%)、2038例(33.90%)和1396例(23.22%),死亡157例(2.61%)。各类影响因素与病例分布分析表明,发病地区以农村病例数(61.84%)最多,重度中毒率与死亡率(分别为25.88%和3.38%)最高。发病形式以散发性病例数(89.34%)最多,其重度中毒与死亡人数分别占总构成数的96.85%和95.54%。年龄以20～60岁组病例数(68.84%)最多,其重度中毒与死亡人数分别占71.78%和72.61%。中毒原因以意外性、自杀性、误食性中毒的病例数(91.89%)最多,其重度中毒与死亡人数分别占93.76%和92.99%。毒物类别以农药类与化学类的病例数(61.23%)最多,其中农药类的重度中毒与死亡人数分别占60.24%、73.25%。结论以农村、散发性、20～60岁年龄段和意外性、自杀性、误食性原因与农药类、化学类毒物对发病人数和中毒程度有着突出影响,应为广西地区急性中毒关注的重点。     

Disability determination and the social conscience

The unfit and the unneeded! The miserable and despised and forgotten, dying in the social shambles. The progeny of prostitution–of the prostitution of men and women and children, of flesh and blood, and sparkle and spirit; in brief the prostitution of labor. If this is the best that civilization can do for the human, then give us howling and naked savagery. Far better to be a people of the wilderness and desert, of the cave and the squatting-place, than to be a people of the machine and the Abyss. (1).     

Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I protect intestinal cells from radiation induced apoptosis

We studied whether programmed cell death (or apoptosis) is the predominant mechanism in radiation-induced cell damage to rat intestinal mucosa and investigated the mechanism of the protective effect of GH and IGF-I in the same model. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, radiation, radiation plus GH and radiation plus IGF-I. Radiation was administered on the first day and on day 4. All animals were sacrificed and segments of the terminal ileum were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Apoptosis of the epithelial cells was identified at the cellular level by the TUNEL stain and was distinguished from necrosis by the characteristic morphology of the cells (cytoplasmic shrinkage, marginal chromatin condensation and generation of nuclear apoptotic bodies). Apoptotic cells in the control animals were few and detected only at the tips of the villi while in the irradiated animals almost all the epithelial cells were apoptotic, distributed from the crypts to the tips of the villi and the mucosa showed severe epithelial atrophy and ulceration. The histologic picture of the mucosa in the GH and IGF-I treated animals was similar to normal controls and apoptotic cells were restricted only at the tips of the villi. DNA and RNA from the mucosa cells were isolated and analyzed by electrophoresis. DNA fragmentation and RNA 28s band ribonuclease cleavage was observed only in the irradiated animals. We have shown that abdominal radiation causes intestinal epithelial cell damage mainly through the induction of apoptosis and the treatment with GH and IGF-I inhibits apoptosis of the cells and preserves the mucosal integrity.     

Diffusion tensor imaging of the sciatic and femoral nerves in unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip and osteonecrosis of femoral head: Comparison of the affected and normal sides

Abstract

Objective: The aim was to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the sciatic and femoral nerves in patients with unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip (OA) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to investigate the mechanism of hip pain.

Methods: Forty-four patients (22 OA and 22 ONFH) underwent DTI of the sciatic and femoral nerves at the level of the hip joint and the S1 roots to visualize the tractography and quantify the FA and ADC values.

Results: The tractography of the femoral and the sciatic nerves on the affected side with OA and ONFH were similar to those on the normal side. The mean FA values of the sciatic and femoral nerves, and the S1 roots were 0.542, 0.551, and 0.316 with OA, 0.568, 0.560, and 0.318 with ONFH on the affected side, and 0.559, 0.560, and 0.315 on the normal side, respectively, and did not show significant differences. The FA values of the sciatic nerve on the affected side with OA decreased with longer pain duration.

Conclusion: The FA and ADC values of the sciatic and femoral nerves in patients with unilateral OA and ONFH showed no significant differences between the affected and normal sides.     

我国新时期水利血防面临的挑战与对策

血吸虫病的传播与流行严重威胁我国人民身体健康、阻碍经济社会发展。水利血防是指在血吸虫病流行区,利用水利工程结合血吸虫病防治措施,发挥控制钉螺孳生繁殖和扩散等防治作用,从而有效控制血吸虫病传播与流行的一种防治策略。本文回顾了我国血吸虫病防治策略和水利血防的历史沿革,以及水利血防在推进我国血吸虫病防治进程中的重要作用,分析了在当前我国的血吸虫病防治工作正在向传播阻断和消除阶段推进的新时期,水利血防工作所面临的问题和挑战,并提出了相应的水利血防对策建议:开展水利血防新策略研究;加强水利血防新技术研究,提高水利血防工程的效率和适用性;加强水利血防工程技术指导,完善工程评估体系建设等。     

人参及其主要成分抗糖尿病作用机制

临床和实验研究表明人参及其活性成分具有调节糖脂代谢,抗糖尿病和肥胖的作用。由于有效成分组成和含量的不同,导致其作用机制具有复杂性和多样性,涉及糖脂代谢的多个方面,主要与抑制食欲和肠道葡萄糖与脂肪的吸收;影响糖脂代谢通路,增加能量消耗;调节过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ（PPARγ）活性和表达,改善胰岛素抵抗;促进胰岛素合成和释放以及抗胰岛β细胞凋亡;抗氧化应激和抗炎作用有关。今后需要对人参不同有效部位和单体成分进行进一步的研究,明确其抗糖尿病和肥胖的确切有效成分和作用机制。     

Interrelationship between the basic parameters of hemo- and cardiodynamics in hypertension patients]

In examination of 541 patients with hypertensive disease and 98 practically healthy persons by means of mechanocardiography, rheography of the aorta and lung, rheovaso-, hepato-, and encephalography, and encephalography, and polycardiography, 4 types of disturbed hemodynamics were distinguished: hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, mixed, and normokinetic. Each type has characteristic signs distinguishing it from the other types and from the normal age parameters. Compared to the normal age parameters the changes in the parameters of the contractive function of the right and left ventricular myocardium and the disorders of blood supply to the liver, brain, and limbs are the most marked in the mixed and hypokinetic hemodynamic variant and less in the normokinetic hemodynamic variant.     

Echocardiographic assessment of the inferior vena cava wall motion for studies of right heart dynamics and function

Using subcostal echocardiography, 97 patients with diseases involving the right side of the heart and 15 normal subjects were examined in order to study the inferior vena cava (IVC) wall motion. All cases had a diagnostic cardiac catheterization and routine echocardiogram. The jugular pulse (JP) was recorded in 35 random cases contemporary to the IVC and tricuspid valve (TV) tracings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the variations of the IVC diameters in different cardiopathies and in relation to the right atrial mean pressure and the time-relationship of the IVC wall motion related to the cardiac rhythm and cycle, respiratory events, and JP and TV waves. The a, b, v, and y waves were identified on the IVC tracings and related to the respective waves of the JP and the points of closure and opening of the TV. The IVC a and v waves were coincident with the TV closure and opening, and therefore, considered as moments of maximal presystolic and systolic filling of the IVC. The JP a wave inscribed before, whereas the v wave did so after the same IVC waves, respectively. The IVC a wave was due to the atrial contraction and influenced by the cardiac rhythm. The emptying index (EI) was calculated from the diameters in a and b as a - b/a X %, whereas the collapsability index (CI) was calculated from the expiratory and inspiratory diameters as Ex - In/Ex X %, obtaining a good correlation with the right atrial mean pressure. Finally, the percentage systolic pulsation (SP) was calculated from the diameters in b and v as b - v/b X %. The indices of function of the IVC have been very useful in the evaluation of patients with raised heart pressure, tricuspid regurgitation, and pericardial effusion. From the present investigation it results that the IVC wall motion, more so than the JP waves, is an expression of right atrial and ventricular events, and that the above indices are an expression of the atrial and ventricular function in relation to the hemodynamic situation.     

Cholesterol precursor sterols, plant sterols, and cholestanol in human bile and gallstones

Biliary and gallstone sterol compositions were analyzed in 20 consecutive cholecystectomized patients. The main intention was to identify and quantitate noncholesterol sterols and to compare the sterol patterns of the two sources. Cholesterol comprised approximately 97% of the stone and gallbladder bile sterols; the remainder were from plant sterols, cholestanol, and cholesterol precursors, mainly lathosterol and methylsterols (two methostenols, lanosterol, and two dimethylsterols). Desmosterol and delta 8-lathosterol were also identified in both the bile and the gallstones. The sterol patterns of the bile and gallstones differed markedly. Thus, the contents of the two lathosterols and the two methostenols were clearly higher in the gallstones, whereas lanosterol stayed almost totally, and other minor sterols were preferentially, in the bile. In fact, the gallstone methylsterols consisted mainly of the two methostenols, a pattern usually seen in esterified methylsterols in serum. The core and matrix of the stone, and large and small stones as well, had only a small variation in their sterol composition within each individual, suggesting that the pattern of the noncholesterol sterol precipitation remains the same during the growth of the stone. Centrifugation of the bile revealed sedimentation of methylsterols with the stonelike sterol pattern. It can be speculated that the soluble and poorly soluble bile sterols have different hepatic origins and that the similarity between (a) methylsterols in the stone and sediment and (b) esterified methylsterols in serum points to a common hepatic site of origin.     

Intestinal expressions of eNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in rats with acute liver failure

AIM To observe the gene expression change ofeNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in the small and largeintestines with acute liver failure(ALF),and to reveal thebiological function of NO on the pathogenesis of ALF andmultiple organs dysfunction at the molecular level.METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were selected,weighing from 250g to 350g,and divided into 5 groupsrandomly:SO,ALF(6h,12h),L-Arg,L-NAME,L-Arg andL-NAME,each group with 10 rats.The dose of L-Arg was300mg.kg~(-1),and L-NAME was 30mg.kg~(-1),the reagentsdiluted by normal saline were injected through tail vein 30minutes pre-and post-operation.The rats in the ALFgroup were respectively sacrificed postoperatively at 6h,12h,and the rats in the other groups were sacrificedpostoperatively at 6h.The tissues of small and largeIntestines were harvested in 4% psraforaldehydecontaining the reagent of DEPC and fixed at 6h,embeddedin paraffin,and 4μm section was cut.The expression ofeNOSmRNA and INOSmRNA in these tissues wasdetermined with in situ hybridization,and analyzed withthe imaging analysis system of CMM-3 and SPSSstatistical software.RESULTS The expression of eNOSmRNA in the largeIntestine and INOSmRNA in the small and large intestinesIncreased significantly at 6h after ALF,but the expressionof iNOSmRNA in the small and large intestines reducednotably at 12h after ALF(P<0.05);the expression ofeNOSmRNA in the large intestine and iNOSmRNA in thesmall and large intestines decreased significantly with thereagents of L-Arg at 6h ALF,but the expression ofeNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in the small and largeintestines decreased totally with the reagents of L-NAMEor association with L-Arg 6h ALF.CONCLUSION The expression of eNOSmRNA in the largeintestine increased notably at the early stage of ALF,NOinduced by the enzyme of eNOS from the transplantationof eNOSmRNA can protect the function of the largeintestine,the high expression of iNOSmRNA is involved inthe damaged function of the small and large intestines.NOprecursor can reduce the expression of iNOSmRNA in the small and large intestines and the damage to intestines;NOS inhibitor or association with NO precursor can totallylower the expression of eNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in thesmall and large intestines,it cannot notably influence theNOS inhibitor in the gene expression of eNOSmRNA andiNOSmRNA to supply the additional NO precursor.     

江苏省实现血吸虫病传播控制的新策略与新技术

目的本文围绕国家预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划要求,结合江苏省血吸虫病防治的实际情况,阐述了该省自2004年以来,以控制和消灭感染性钉螺为突破口,依靠科技创新所取得的新技术,通过采取重点地域综合治理、重点人群重点防治及重点水域监测预警等防控新策略,全省血吸虫病疫情持续下降,到2010年底,提前5年实现全省血吸虫病传播控制的目标。     

Leg blood pressure measured in orthostatic posture is associated with left ventricular mass in normotensive subjects

BackgroundChanging from a supine to an orthostatic posture is associated with substantial increments in leg blood pressure (BP) levels, which could ultimately influence the hemodynamic burden imposed on the heart. This study investigated the relationship between brachial and leg BP measurements and the left cardiac chamber's structure and assessed the role of body posture changes in this regard.MethodsOne hundred and thirty normotensive, nondiabetic, nonsmoking, normolipemic subjects were evaluated by a clinical history, anthropometry, the analysis of metabolic parameters, echocardiography, and the measurement of BP in the arm and the calf in both supine and orthostatic positions.ResultsSignificant correlation coefficients between the leg BP measurements and the cardiac structure were detected, especially between the orthostatic pulse pressure (PP) and the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (r = 0.38; P < 0.001), the orthostatic PP and the LV mass (r = 0.37; P < 0.001), and the orthostatic systolic BP (SBP) and the left atrial size (r = 0.35; P < 0.001). Stepwise and standard regression analysis adjusted for brachial BP and anthropometric and metabolic variables confirmed that the leg orthostatic PP was independently related to the LV wall thickness and mass. Moreover, the leg orthostatic SBP was associated with the left atrial dimension even after adding the LV mass to the statistical models. Finally, triglyceride levels and body surface area showed significant relationship with leg orthostatic PP and SBP, whereas brachial orthostatic PP and SBP were only associated with age and anthropometric variables.ConclusionsOrthostatic leg BP is independently associated with the cardiac structure in normotensive subjects.American Journal of Hypertension 2012; doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.101.     

A meta-analysis of the association between stress and health in Taiwan

This study adopted the meta-analysis technique to analyze 354 journal articles, theses, and dissertations that had investigated the association between stress and health in Taiwan between January 1980 and December 2003. This study was conducted with the purpose of understanding the association between general stress and general health, the discrepant associations between different stress types and health facets, and the possible moderators between general stress and general health. A computer search for relevant studies was conducted on several databases using the key words "stress" and "life event". For each eligible study, the important study characteristics were recorded, and the effect sizes of the relationship between stress and health were computed. Furthermore, in order to investigate the moderating effects of the study characteristics on the stress-health relationship, the methods of categorical model analysis and correlation analysis were employed. The results of this study revealed that: (1) the correlations between general stress and general health as well as between general stress and various health facets fell between medium and high; (2) there existed different degrees of association between various stress types and health facets; and (3) none of the demographic and methodologic variables could by itself moderate the relationship between general stress and general health as the moderator effects were not sufficient and strong enough. This study presents a multidimensional framework of the issues on the relationship between stress and health, and it provides guiding references for future research. No evidence was found for moderating effects of social support, coping strategies, and personality traits on the stress-health relationship. Such findings may be due to methodologic limitations. This suggests that further investigation is needed.     

洞庭湖洲滩坡度与植被对感染性钉螺分布范围的影响

目的查明日本血吸虫感染性钉螺在洞庭湖洲滩的分布环境,着重分析洲滩的离岸距离、地面高程、坡度及优势植被种类等环境因素对感染螺分布的影响,为消除血吸虫病疫源地确定重点目标。方法在洞庭湖上游和下游共选择3类洲滩,分别在1987-1989年及2009年采用系统抽样法进行钉螺与感染性钉螺分布调查,查螺段面从堤岸边最高有螺线往下一直查到最低有螺线止,同时用水准仪测定地面高程（吴淞零点）,并记录植被种类。结果在3类洲滩钉螺孳生地中,有感染性螺分布的面积平均占35.5%。主要分布在大堤边和洲滩上部的坡岸地带。地势高、坡度陡的环境感染性钉螺较多;地势低、坡度小的平坦环境没有查到感染性钉螺。在芦苇地带也没有查获感染性钉螺,而在芦杂、柳林、莎草、藜蒿区均可有感染性钉螺出现。结论洞庭湖区的感染性钉螺有明显的沿堤岸分布趋向,其分布范围与汛期的水位、传染源（终宿主）的活动等有关。     

肠道菌群和心血管疾病的免疫调节

心血管疾病是人类健康的第一杀手,发病率和死亡率逐年增加。数万亿微生物寄居于人类肠道,在心血管疾病及其相关的代谢、免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。先天性和适应性免疫机制都参与了心血管疾病的发生发展,菌群组分和代谢产物可调节巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的分化及功能,并通过循环系统影响机体免疫稳态。本文将通过肠道菌群及其代谢产物与免疫系统的相互作用,讨论肠道菌群与心血管疾病发展之间潜在的免疫机制,为预防和治疗心血管疾病提供新思路。     

脑中风与红细胞胆固醇,过氧化脂质和超氧化物歧化酶水平关系的研究

检测１０９例脑梗塞、１０５例脑出血患者和１００例健康对照者红细胞胆固醇（Ｅ－Ｃｈ）、血浆和红细胞过氧化脂质（Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ）含量及超氧休物歧化酶（Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）活性的结果表明，与对照组比较，脑梗塞组Ｅ－Ｃｈ显著升高，脑出血组Ｅ－Ｃｈ显著降低；２患者组Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ显著升高，Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ显著降低；Ｅ－Ｃｈ与脑梗塞患者病情及Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ、Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－Ｓ     

阿苯达唑对猪带绦虫损伤作用的超微结构观察

为研究阿苯达唑对猪带绦虫的杀伤机理。用药物驱虫,ＴＥＭ观察。结果表明,阿苯达唑对猪带绦虫有较强的损伤作用,主要表现在两个方面：（１）皮层的损伤：表现为远端胞质区表面的微毛断裂、脱落或隆起呈囊泡样;胞质区内杆状器消失,线粒体、内质网等肿胀,呈空泡样,并出现多个大的坏死区,核周胞质（皮层细胞）变性、肿胀,细胞核异形性变、出现多个切迹;核质浓缩、致密度增高或溶解,胞质内线粒体肿胀、结构不清,或嵴消失呈空泡样,胞质中其它细胞器减少,呈现大量囊泡;（２）实质的损伤：实质浅层的环肌束及纵肌束排列紊乱、扭曲、断裂或溶解;线粒体肿大,嵴消失,代之以较大的空泡;实质深层的实质细胞肿胀、变性、核周隙增宽,细胞器减少。支持细胞内糖原减少或消失,脂滴增多     

ICD-10 and Proposed DSM-IV Harmful Use of Alcohol/ Alcohol Abuse and Dependence, United States 1988: A Nosological Comparison

The purpose of this study was to compare ICD-10 and the proposed DSM-IV (options 1 and 2) diagnostic criteria for harmful use/abuse and dependence in a representative sample of the United States general population. Harmful use/abuse and dependence categories were contrasted in terms of prevalence and overlap. The prevalences of DSM-IV diagnoses of alcohol abuse and dependence combined were much greater than those for the corresponding ICD-10 diagnoses. Disaggregation of the harmful use/abuse and dependence diagnoses showed that the major discrepancy between the classification systems resided between harmful use and abuse categories. The prevalence of the harmful use of alcohol was nearly nonexistent in this general population sample. Reasons for this and other discrepancies are discussed in terms of the hypothesized severity of the harmful use criteria, differences in the number of diagnostic criteria and the content of the ICD-10 and DSM-IV dependence categories, the relationship between the harmful use/abuse and dependence categories, and the impact of the duration criterion.     

Peptidergic influences on proliferation, migration, and placement of neural progenitors in the adult mouse forebrain

Neural progenitor proliferation, differentiation, and migration are continually ongoing processes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and rostral migratory stream (RMS) of the adult brain. There is evidence that peptidergic systems may be involved in the molecular cascades regulating these neurogenic processes, and we examined a possible influence of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) systems in cell proliferation and neuroblast formation in the SVZ and RMS and generation of interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). We show that NPY and the Y1 and Y2 receptor (R) proteins are expressed in and surrounding the SVZ and RMS and that Y1R is located on neuroblasts in the anterior RMS. Mice deficient in Y1Rs or Y2Rs have fewer Ki-67-immunoreactive (ir) proliferating precursor cells and doublecortin-ir neuroblasts in the SVZ and RMS than WT mice, and less calbindin-, calretinin-, and tyrosine hydroxylase-ir interneurons in the OB. Mice lacking CCK1Rs have fewer proliferating cells and neuroblasts than normal and a shortage of interneurons in the OB. These findings suggest that both NPY and CCK through their receptors help to regulate the proliferation of precursor cells, the amount of neuroblast cells in the SVZ and RMS, and influence the differentiation of OB interneurons.     

Evaluation of the Hydration Characteristics and Anti-Washout Resistance of Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete with Nano-SiO2 and MgO

In this paper, the effect of nano-SiO₂ (NS) and MgO on the hydration characteristics and anti-washout resistance of non-dispersible underwater concrete (UWC) was evaluated. A slump flow test, a viscosity test, and setting time measurement were conducted to identify the impacts of NS and MgO on the rheological properties of UWC. The pH and turbidity were measured to investigate the anti-washout performance of UWC mixes. To analyze the hydration characteristics and mechanical properties, hydration heat analysis, a compressive strength test, and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted. The experimental results showed that the fine particles of NS and MgO reduced slump flow, increased viscosity, and enhanced the anti-washout resistance of UWC. In addition, both NS and MgO shortened the initial and final setting times, and the replacement of MgO specimens slightly prolonged the setting time. NS accelerated the peak time and increased the peak temperature, and MgO delayed the hydration process and reduced the temperature due to the formation of brucite. The compressive results showed that NS improved the compressive strength of the UWC, and MgO slightly decreased the strength. The addition of NS also resulted in the formation of extra C–S–H, and the replacement of MgO caused the generation of a hydrotalcite phase.