Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on mini-implant stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lasers in Medical Science - The study aimed to assess trials investigating the effect of PBMT on mini-implant stability. Electronic searches of seven databases and manual search were conducted up...     

Comparison between cryotherapy and photobiomodulation in muscle recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lasers in Medical Science - The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and cryotherapy (CRT) on muscle recovery outcomes. These searches were performed...     

Laser photobiomodulation for cartilage defect in animal models of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lasers in Medical Science - To review and assess the efficacy of laser photobiomodulation for cartilage defect in animal models of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE...     

The effect of photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy on tooth sensitivity after dental bleaching: a systematic review

Lasers in Medical Science - The authors aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess data from the current literature on the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in preventing tooth...     

Experimental tooth movement and photobiomodulation on bone remodeling in rats

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapy induced by a specific type of laser that affects biologic systems through non-thermal ways. The study of its basic mechanism has gained interest since little is known about the causes of the different effects of this treatment. In the present study, we investigated the action of the PBM application rate changes in the peri-implant tissues in rats subjected to tooth movement in different periods. Wistar rats (±250 g) received an apparatus in the region of the central incisors superiors tightly (70 g) or not, and they were also subjected to one or three PBM sessions. After 7 or 14 days, the rats were subjected to euthanasia and the jaws were dissected and processed for histology. For analysis, serial sections were made that were stained by Picrosirius Red for analysis of collagen fibers, Masson’s trichrome for newly formed bone scan, and Hematoxylin-Eosin for quantification of osteoblasts. PBM applied in one or three sessions increased the population of osteoblasts. Still, the application of three sessions of PBM increased the density of collagen fibers and new bone formation compared to the controls. An increase was observed in the interincisal distance in irradiated groups with three PBM sessions and the application of force for both 7 or 14 days. These findings suggest that PBM can contribute positively to the orthodontic movement. So the laser therapy can be used as an adjunct procedure to be performed concurrently for orthodontic treatment in the dental clinic.     

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of orthodontic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This review aimed to identify the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the management of orthodontic pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA statement. An extensive literature search for RCTs, quasi-RCTs, and CCTs was performed through CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Medline, CNKI, and CBM up to October 2011. Risk of bias assessment was performed via referring to the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment. Meta-analysis was implemented using Review Manager 5.1. As a result, four RCTs, two quasi-RCTs, and two CCTs were selected from 152 relevant studies, including 641 patients from six countries. The meta-analysis demonstrated that 24 % risk of incidence of pain was reduced by LLLT (RR?=?0.76, 95 % CI range 0.63–0.92, P?=?0.006). In addition, compared to the control group, LLLT brought forward “the most painful day” (MD?=??0.42, 95 % CI range ?0.74–???0.10, P?=?0.009). Furthermore, the LLLT group also implied a trend of earlier end of pain compared with the control group (MD?=??1.37, 95 % CI range ?3.37–0.64, P?=?0.18) and the pseudo-laser group (MD?=??1.04, 95 % CI range ?4.22–2.15, P?=?0.52). However, because of the methodological shortcomings and risk of bias of included trials, LLLT was proved with limited evidence in delaying pain onset and reducing pain intensity. In the future, larger and better-designed RCTs will be required to provide clearer recommendations.     

Effect of whole-body vibration on BMD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary  

Our systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining whole-body vibration (WBV) effect on bone mineral density (BMD) found significant but small improvements in hip areal BMD (aBMD) in postmenopausal women and in tibia and spine volumetric BMD in children/adolescents, but not in other BMD measurements in postmenopausal women and young adults.     

Effectiveness of photobiomodulation in reducing pain and producing dental analgesia: a systematic review

Lasers in Medical Science - Photobiomodulation (PBM) is reported in many studies to produce dental analgesia without producing thermal damage to tissues. This systematic review aims to assess in...     

Solifenacin for overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin for treating overactive bladder. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the Jadad score, and heterogeneity was analyzed using the chi-squared test. The data of the included RCTs were collected, extracted, and assessed by our protocol. A total of nine RCTs were identified from the search strategy. Compared with the placebo and tolterodine treatments, both short-term (mostly 12-week) trials indicated that solifenacin significantly reduced urgency episodes, micturitions, and incontinence episodes per 24 h. Compared with the solifenacin (5 mg) group, the solifenacin (10 mg) group was significantly better in terms of the number of micturitions per 24 h. With regard to adverse effects, the patients treated with solifenacin had significantly higher rates of constipation and blurred vision than patients treated with tolterodine. The solifenacin therapy was not inferior to tolterodine in terms of efficacy profiles and had a similar incidence of overall adverse events compared with tolterodine treatment. Solifenacin (5 mg) is thus a recommended dose because of its reported balance between efficacy and acceptable tolerability.     

P物质纳米缓释微球对正畸牙齿移动的影响

目的：探讨P物质纳米缓释微球对正畸牙齿移动速度的影响。方法：选择16例需要拔除上颌第一前磨牙的样本,进行配对实验研究,所有样本均采用固定标准方丝弓矫治器,以150g的力拉尖牙向远中移动;在实验侧尖牙颊侧及腭侧根尖水平牙龈粘膜下注射5×10^-3mg人P物质纳米缓释剂,两周注射一次。结果：经过4周的观察,发现实验侧上颌尖牙移动的距离比对照侧增加30.02%。结论：局部注射P物质纳米缓释剂可以加速牙齿移动。     

Trazodone for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of trazodone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a meta-analysis. METHODS: The data sources used were Medline and the Cochrane Library databases (January 1966 to May 2002), bibliographies of retrieved articles and review articles, and conference proceedings and abstracts. Trials were eligible for inclusion in the review if they included men with ED, compared trazodone with a control, were randomized, of > or = 7 days' duration and assessed clinically relevant outcomes. Two reviewers independently evaluated study quality and extracted data in a standardized fashion. RESULTS: Six trials (comprising 396 men) met the inclusion criteria; they consisted of heterogeneous populations, were small, brief and in some cases methodologically weak. Three of the six trials showed an apparently clinically meaningful benefit of trazodone for ED compared with placebo, the differences being statistically significant in two. In pooled results, trazodone monotherapy appeared more likely than placebo to lead to a 'positive treatment response', although this difference was not statistically significant (37% vs 20%; relative benefit increase, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.8-3.3). Subgroup analyses suggested that men with psychogenic ED might be more likely to benefit from trazodone than those with mixed or physiological ED. The efficacy of trazodone also appeared greater at higher doses (150-200 vs 50 mg/day). Men randomized to trazodone were not significantly more likely than those receiving placebo to withdraw for any reason or for an adverse event, or to have specific adverse events, but wide CIs could not exclude a greater risk of these adverse outcomes with trazodone. Specific adverse events with trazodone included dry mouth (19%), sedation (16%), dizziness (16%) and fatigue (15%). CONCLUSION: Trazodone may be helpful in men with ED, possibly more so at higher doses, and in men with psychogenic ED. Future high-quality trials should compare trazodone with placebo and other therapies in men with depression and psychogenic ED.     

Effect of LED-mediated-photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats

Lasers in Medical Science - The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of light-emitting diode-mediated-photobiomodulation therapy (LPT), on the rate of orthodontic tooth...     

Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on orthodontic tooth movement

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on (1) the velocity of orthodontic tooth movement and (2) the nitric oxide levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 20 patients (14 girls, six boys) whose maxillary first premolars were extracted and canines distalized. A gallium-aluminum-arsenide (Ga-Al-As) diode laser was applied on the day 0, and the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days when the retraction of the maxillary lateral incisors was initiated. The right maxillary lateral incisors composed the study group (the laser group), whereas the left maxillary lateral incisors served as the control. The teeth in the laser group received a total of ten doses of laser application: five doses from the buccal and five doses from the palatal side (two cervical, one middle, two apical) with an output power of 20 mW and a dose of 0.71 J /cm². Gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained on the above-mentioned days, and the nitric oxide levels were analyzed. Bonferroni and repeated measures variant analysis tests were used for statistical analysis with the significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. The application of low-level laser therapy accelerated orthodontic tooth movement significantly; there were no statistically significant changes in the nitric oxide levels of the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment.     

Effect of bariatric surgery on oncologic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Obesity is a major public health issue and is associated with increased risk of several cancers, currently a leading cause of mortality. Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery may allow for evaluation of the effect of intentional excess weight loss on subsequent risk of cancer. We aimed to evaluate cancer risk, incidence, and mortality after bariatric surgery.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase with literature published from the inception of both databases to January 2012. Inclusion criteria incorporated all human studies examining oncologic outcomes after bariatric surgery. Two authors independently reviewed selected studies and relevant articles from their bibliographies for data extraction, quality appraisal, and meta-analysis.

Results

Six observational studies (n = 51,740) comparing relative risk (RR) of cancer in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery versus obese control subjects were analyzed. Overall, the RR of cancer in obese patients after undergoing bariatric surgery was 0.55 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.73, p < 0.0001, I ² = 83 %]. The effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk was modified by gender (p = 0.021). The pooled RR in women was 0.68 (95 % CI 0.60–0.77, p < 0.0001, I ² < 0.1 %) and in men was 0.99 (95 % CI 0.74–1.32, p = 0.937, I ² < 0.1 %).

Conclusions

Bariatric surgery reduces cancer risk and mortality in formerly obese patients. When stratifying the meta-analysis by gender, the effect of bariatric surgery on oncologic outcomes is protective in women but not in men.     

Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of cardiovascular diseases, arterial stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on arterial stiffness.

Methods: A comprehensive search of the databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE was performed from inception through November 2015. The inclusion criterion was RCTs that assessed the impact of cholecalciferol supplementation in adults on the surrogate markers of arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx)). Outcome was the pooled mean difference (MD) of PWV and AIx between the vitamin D supplementation (intervention) group and placebo.

Results: The initial search yielded 1164 articles. Twenty-eight articles underwent full-length review and data were extracted from seven RCTs involving totally 547 participants. Dose of cholecalciferol supplementation varied from 1000?IU/day to 120,000?IU/month of cholecalciferol. Duration of treatment ranged from 2 to 12 months. There was no significant difference in the change of PWV (pooled MD?=?0.18, 95% CI: ?0.17 to 0.52 or AIx (pooled MD?=?2.39, 95% CI: ?4.43 to 4.92) between the intervention group and placebo.

Conclusions: There was no improvement of markers of arterial stiffness after vitamin D supplementation.