慢性心力衰竭合并持续性心房颤动患者心脏再同步治疗术后房室结消融及药物控制心室率疗效观察

目的观察慢性心力衰竭合并持续性心房颤动（房颤）患者心脏再同步治疗（CRT）的疗效,比较房室结消融术及药物控制心室率两种方法疗效的差异。方法慢性心力衰竭合并持续性房颤患者,符合CRT植入适应证并接受CRT或心脏再同步治疗除颤器（CRT—D）植入术,术后随机分为两组,房室结消融组以及药物治疗组,术后随访观察患者临床症状及心功能改善等情况,比较两组的疗效。结果共人选了26例患者,其中房室结消融组14例,药物控制组12例。术前两组患者间心功能,左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）及用药等基本情况差异无统计学意义。CRT术后随访结果,房室结消融组双心室起搏比例100％,药物治疗组双心室起搏比例72．0％±9．7％。与药物治疗组相比,房室结消融组LVEDD略有缩小[（61．0±6．9）mm对（62．0±7．8）mm],但差异无统计学意义（P=0．08）,LVEF改善明显（0．41±0．06对0．35±0．04）,差异有统计学意义（P=0．04）,提示房室结消融组疗效更佳。结论对慢性心力衰竭合并持续性房颤患者,CRT可以改善患者心功能,CRT术后行房室结消融可以提高有效的双心室起搏比例,进一步提高CRT疗效。     

应用实时三维超声心动图评价DDD模式 右心室不同部位起搏对左心功能的影响

目的探讨应用实时三维超声心动图评价房室顺序双心腔起搏、感知触发和抑制型(DDD)模式右心室不同部位起搏对左心功能的影响。方法 20例DDD模式起搏器植入患者行右心室电极室间隔(RVS)及右心室心尖部(RVA)起搏,其中最终10例行RVS起搏,10例行RVA起搏。术后应用实时三维超声心动图随访6个月及1年,观察左心功能变化,检测指标包括:左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量(SV)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(LVESV)。结果术后6个月,RVS起搏组10例患者LVEF 54%±5%、SV(46.2±6.8)ml与术前LVEF 53%±6%、SV(43.2±5.4)ml比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),RVA起搏组10例患者INEF46%±6%、SV(34.3±5.8)ml与术前INEF 54%±8%、sV(42.3±6.8)ml比较均减低(P0.05),此时两组LV-EDV、LVESV较术前变化差异不明显;术后1年随访,RVS起搏组10例患者LVEF 54%±6%、SV(44.1±8.4)ml与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),RVA起搏组10例患者LVEF 43%±9%、SV(31.5±8.2)ml与术后6个月比较进一步减低(P0.05),RVS起搏组LVEDV、LVESV较术前仍变化不明显(P0.05),RVA起搏组10例患者LVEDV(71.2±8.1)ml、LVESV(41.8±6.1)ml均较术前LVEDV(68.5±10.7)ml、LVESV(27.1±3.4)ml增大。结论长期的RVS起搏对左心功能无明显影响,而RVA起搏可降低左心功能,并造成左心室重构的风险加大。     

心脏再同步治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效与血浆脑钠肽的关系

目的观察心脏再同步治疗（CRT）慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的疗效与血浆脑钠肽（BNP）的关系。方法21例CHF合并室内阻滞患者行CRT,其中5例植入心脏再同步治疗除颤器（CRT—D）,包括2例心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者接受房室结射频消融术＋CRT—D治疗。观察植入术前及术后3个月、1、2年的心功能（NYHA分级）、左心室收缩末内径（LVESD）、左心室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、BNP水平。结果21例患者中的16例存活患者于植入CRT后心功能明显改善,心功能从Ⅲ～Ⅳ级改善为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级（P〈0．05）;LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF均明显改善（P〈0．05）;血浆BNP均明显降低（P〈0．01）。5例死亡患者以上指标无改善。植入CRT前血浆BNP水平小于3000pg／ml者（BNP—L组）与人于3000pg／ml者（BNP—H组）相比,CRT治疗3个月时两组LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF均明显改善（P〈0．05）,但12个月时BNP—I。组的心功能指标仍进一步改善,而BNP—H组与CRT治疗前的心功能指标相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在随访的24个月内,BNP—L组中只有1例因心功能恶化死亡;而BNP—H组中有3例因心功能恶化死亡,1例为心脏性猝死。结论植入CRT后心功能指标在早期即得到改善的患者,其2年预后较好;植入CRT前血浆BNP水平可反映植入CRT后的心功能变化趋势;植入CRT后3个月时BNP水平不下降的患者其预后较差。     

QRS时限对心脏再同步治疗疗效的预测价值

目的探讨QRS时限（QRSd）对心脏再同步治疗（CRT）的预测价值。方法入选患者心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级（NYHA分级）、在心室射血分数≤0．35、超声心动图提示心室不同步患者行CRT治疗。植入术前、术后当天及术后6个月行心电图和超声心动图检查。以治疗6个月后左心室收缩末容积较术前减小的百分数（△LVESV％）≥15％作为治疗有效的标准,分析术前QRSd、术后QRSd及QRS时限缩短值（△QRSd=术前QRSd-术后QRSd）对CRT疗效的预测价值。结果（1）共入选40例患者,随访期间1例死亡,2例失访,余37例进入分析。其中,7例为窄QRS波（〈120ms）,30例为宽QRS波（≥120ms）。窄QRS波的CRT的有效率较宽QRS波,但差异无统计学意义（28．57％vs66．67％,P=0．079）;（2）宽QRS波组中,治疗有效者与无效者比,术前的左心室容积、左心室射血分数、QRSd、男女比例、心律、室内阻滞情况及△QRSd均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（3）宽QRS波组中,治疗有效者术后QRSd缩短[（151．0±23．2）ms vs（167．0±25．2）ms,P〈0．05],而无效者无变化[（166．0±19．0）msvs（168．0±42．1）ms,P〉0．05]。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线显示术前QRSd和△QRSd均不能预测CRT的疗效（P〉0．05）;△QRSd与△LVESV％无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论窄QRS波的CRT疗效可能较宽QRS波差。虽然QRSd缩短仅见于CRT有效,但术前QRSd和△QRSd均不足以预测宽QRS波的CRT疗效。     

Associations of the Prognostic Nutritional Index with the Cardiac Function and Survival after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Objective The relationship between changes in the nutritional status after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and the prognosis has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the nutritional status as assessed by the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and their associations with the improvement in the cardiac function and subsequent clinical outcomes. Methods The study population consisted of 119 patients with a CRT-device. They were divided into 2 groups, based on whether their PNI had increased at 6 months after CRT-device implantation (positive ΔPNI group, n=73) or not (negative ΔPNI group, n=46). The left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before and six months after CRT-device implantation. We compared the changes in the cardiac function and prevalence of adverse events (re-hospitalization due to worsening heart failure or all cause death) between the two groups. Results In the positive ΔPNI group, the LVEDV (186±93 mL vs. 149±71 mL, p<0.05) and LVESV (134±75 mL vs. 98±62 mL, p<0.05) were significantly decreased 6 months after CRT-device implantation. In addition, the LVEF (31±11% vs. 37±12%, p<0.05) was significantly increased after CRT-device implantation. In the negative ΔPNI group, no significant changes were observed in any echocardiographic parameters. During a median follow-up period of 914 days, there were 67 (56.3%) adverse events. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the positive ΔPNI group was associated with a lower risk of adverse events than the negative ΔPNI group (50.6% vs. 65.2%, log-rank p=0.042). Conclusion Our results suggest that improvement in the cardiac function after CRT-device implantation is associated with increases in the PNI, resulting in favorable outcomes.     

Real time three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in heart failure patients: underestimation of left ventricular volume increases with the degree of dilatation

Background: Accurate quantification of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is of critical importance. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered as the reference and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is an accurate method, but only few data are available in heart failure patients. We therefore sought to compare the accuracy of real time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for quantification of LV volumes and EF, relative to CMR imaging in an unselected population of heart failure patients. Methods and Results: We studied 24 patients (17 men, age 58 ± 15 years) with history of heart failure who underwent echocardiographic assessment of LV function (2DE, RT3DE) and CMR within a period of 24 hours. Mean LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was 208 ± 109 mL (121 ± 64 mL/m(2) ) and mean LVEF was 31 ± 12.8%. 3DE data sets correlate well with CMR, particularly with respect to the EF (r: 0.8, 0.86, and 0.95; P < 0.0001 for LVEDV, LVESV, and EF, respectively) with small biases (-55 mL, -44 mL, 1.1%) and acceptable limits of agreement. RT3DE provides more accurate measurements of LVEF than 2DE (z= 2.1, P = 0.037) and lower variability. However, 3DE-derived LV volumes are significantly underestimated in patients with severe LV dilatation. In patients with LVEDV below 120 mL/m(2) , RT3DE is more accurate for volumes and EF evaluation. Conclusion: Compared with CMR, RT3DE is accurate for evaluation of EF and feasible in all our heart failure patients, at the expense of a significant underestimation of LV volumes, particularly when LVEDV is above 120 mL/m(2) .     

左心室大小和术后收缩压变化与心脏再同步化治疗疗效的关系

目的:观察左心室（LV）大小和术后急性期收缩压（SBP） 变化对心脏再同步化治疗（CRT ）疗效的影响。方法: 分别于术前及术后 6 个月评估21例CRT患者的心功能及超声参数。至术后 6个月时，NYHA 至少下降1级，左室收缩末容积（LVESV）至少降低10%的为CRT反应较好组，余为反应较差组。结果: 术后6个月时，反应较好组和其基线期相比左室射血分数（LVEF）显著升高［（32±9）% vs. (45±10)%，P<0.05）］、左室舒张末容积（LVEDV）显著降低［（237±54）ml vs. (151±45) ml，P<0.05］、左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）显著降低［（68±8） mm vs. (55±6) mm，P<0.05］、左室收缩末容积（LVESV）显著降低［（165±46） ml vs. (84±31) ml，P=0.01］、NYHA 的分级由术前6/8（III/IV）降至术后11/3(II/III)；反应较差组和术前相比有所改善，未达到统计学意义。反应较好组术后7d SBP均显著升高（P<0.05）,反应较差组下降。结论: 心力衰竭患者CRT治疗反应较好与治疗前左心室较小和术后急性期SBP升高有关联性。     

Has Mechanical Dyssynchrony Still a Role in Predicting Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response?

Current guidelines for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) include electrical but not mechanical dyssynchrony assessment. Our study aims to investigate the effects of isolated or combined mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony, according, respectively, to a standard deviation of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) derived time to systolic peak ≥32.6 ms and to a QRS duration ≥120 ms, in predicting CRT reverse remodeling. Method: One hundred ninety‐two CRT patients were studied. All patients underwent a complete standard and TDI echocardiography examination before and 6 months after CRT. According to baseline evaluation patients were divided into Group 1, patients with isolated electrical dyssynchrony (QRS ≥ 120 ms, TS‐SD < 32.6), Group 2, patients with isolated mechanical dyssynchrony (QRS < 120 ms, TS‐SD ≥ 32.6) and Group 3, patients with combined electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony (QRS ≥ 120 ms, TS‐SD ≥ 32.6). Patients were considered CRT responders according to ≥15 left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) reduction at follow‐up (FU). Result: At FU, 86 (45%) patients were responders. The highest CRT response rate was observed in Group 3 (62/119, 52%, P < 0.001 vs. Group 1). No significant differences in response rate were observed between Group 1 (13/47, 27%) and Group 2 (11/26, 42%). In Group1, CRT did not induce any significant change in LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), LVESV, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial performance index (MPI), while in Group 2, LVEF (P < 0.001) and MPI (P < 0.05) were improved. In Group 3, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, MPI were significantly improved (P < 0.0001 for all). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the highest CRT response rate can be achieved by combining traditional QRS criterion and a currently used echocardiographic dyssynchrony parameter. (Echocardiography, 2010;27:831‐838)     

充血性心力衰竭患者细胞粘附分子与B型钠利尿肽的相关性研究

目的探讨CHF患者细胞粘附分子与B型钠利尿肽的相关性。方法CHF患者35例,其中扩张性心肌病19例、高血压性心脏病11例、冠心病5例;正常对照组18例,分别测定sICAM-1、白细胞表面CD18的阳性表达率和BNP;采用Accuson Sequoia512超声诊断仪测定左房大小、左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径、左室射血分数。结果1.CHF组与正常对照组年龄对比无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组在左房内径、左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径、左室EF、sICAM-1、CD18的阳性表达率、BNP值对比有显著性差异(P<0.01);2.CHF组中心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级组三组,sICAM-1、CD18经方差分析无显著性差异(P>0.05);心功能Ⅳ级组与Ⅱ级组比较BNP有显著性差异(P<0.01);3.sICAM-1与CD18的阳性表达率及BNP水平呈正相关,Pearson指数分别为0.355(P=0.036)和0.531(P=0.001);4.BNP、CD18与LVEF呈负相关:Pearson指数分别为-0.542(P=0.001)和-0.502(P=0.002);5.BNP值>450pg/ml组(n=18)sICAM-1值及CD18分别为387.61±21.39μg/L和64.73±2.91%,<450pg/ml组(n=17)为314.47±24.10μg/L和52.60±3.91%,两组比较P=0.029和0.017,有显著性差异。结论CHF患者血清sICAM-1及白细胞表面CD18的阳性表达率增加;sICAM-1浓度与BNP呈正相关,提示慢性炎症可能是充血性心力衰竭的发病机制之一。心功能分级各组sICAM-1和CD18无显著性差异。根据BNP值分组显示sICAM-1及CD18有显著性差异。     

心脏再同步治疗超反应的预测因子分析

目的 心脏再同步治疗（CRT）能明显改善患者临床症状,逆转心肌重构,称之为CRT超反应.本文主要分析CRT术后,患者超反应的预测因子.方法 采用回顾性研究,2005年1月至2010年6月共有124例随访资料完整的CRT或心脏再同步治疗除颤器（CRT-D）纳入分析,分为超反应组及其他反应组.并在CRT术后第6个月随访时,进行临床评估及超声心动图评价.心功能（NYHA分级）提高≥1级,左心室射血分数（LVEF） ≥0.45或增加2倍以上称为超反应.结果 两组患者在基线状态除QRS时限[（160.2±36.1）ms对（139.6±32.5）ms,P=0.01],完全左束支阻滞比例（95％对82％,P=0.02）、心力衰竭症状出现时间[（21.0±14.6）个月对（36.0±25.3）个月,P=0.02]差异有统计学意义外,其余参数在基线状态差异无统计学意义;有17％的患者出现超反应.6个月随访时超反应组与其他反应组在心功能分级、脑钠肽（BNP）、QRS时限、LVEF及因心力衰竭住院率方面有明显改善.结论 完全左柬支阻滞及心力衰竭症状出现较短的患者CRT反应较好.     

QRS Fragmentation Is Not Associated with Poor Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background: QRS fragmentation (fQRS) has been shown to be a marker of scar in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Whether fQRS is associated with progressive left ventricular remodeling and increased mortality in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is unclear. Methods: We reviewed the preimplant and follow‐up echocardiograms in 233 patients undergoing the new implantation of a CRT device between December 2001 and November 2006. Patients were included if they had a pre‐CRT ECG with appropriate filter settings (filter 0.16–100 or 0.16–150 Hz, 25 mm/s, 10 mm/mV), a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, and New York Heart Association class II–IV symptoms on standard medical therapy. The 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was interpreted by two blinded reviewers for the presence of fQRS. Remodeling end points, including changes in LVEF and left ventricular end‐diastolic (LVEDV) and systolic (LVESV) volumes, were compared between patients with and without contiguous fQRS, and an assessment of all‐cause mortality was made. Results: Two hundred thirty‐two patients met inclusion criteria, of which 50 demonstrated fQRS in contiguous leads. There was no difference in improvement in LVEF (%) (7.9 ± 12.9 vs 6.8 ± 11.0, P = 0.60) or reduction in LVEDV (mL) (?30.1 ± 57.2 vs ?15.7 ± 47.6) or LVESV (mL) (?33.7 ± 58.1 vs ?22.7 ± 50.6, P = 0.40) between patients with and without contiguous fQRS. At a mean follow‐up of 4.4 ± 1.9 years, there were a total of 89 deaths, 22 (44.0%) in patients with contiguous fQRS and 67 (36.8%) without (log rank P = 0.31). Conclusions: QRS fragmentation is not a predictor of progressive ventricular remodeling or mortality in heart failure patients undergoing CRT. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011;16(2):165–171     

Relation of serum levels of mast cell tryptase of left ventricular systolic function, left ventricular volume or congestive heart failure

BACKGROUND: Activated mast cells (MC) present in the myocardium of patients with cardiomyopathy may contribute to left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. We sought to determine whether peripheral levels of tryptase, an MC-specific protease, are related to indices of left ventricular size and function, as well as congestive heart failure (CHF) or coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum tryptase was measured in 85 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with left ventriculography and coronary angiography and examined in relation to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), congestive heart failure (CHF), and angiographically evident CAD. Systemic tryptase levels were lower in patients with increased (>90 mL) LVEDV (6.2 [5.3-8.0] mcg/L versus 8.3 [6.6-10.3] mcg/L, P=.01) and in patients with CHF (6.2 [3.6-7.3] mcg/L versus 8 [6.2-10] mcg/L, P=.02) and tended to be lower in patients with depressed (<55%) LVEF (6.8 [5.2-9] mcg/L versus 8 [6.3-9.9] mcg/L, P=NS). Linear regression did not show a significant relationship between tryptase levels with either LVEF or LVEDV. Finally, tryptase levels were consistently elevated in relation to the presence of CAD. CONCLUSION: Despite increased numbers of MC in the myocardium of patients with cardiomyopathy, systemic levels of MC tryptase appear to be lower in relation to LV systolic dysfunction, LV dilatation, or clinical CHF. In contrast, the presence of angiographically significant CAD is associated with elevated systemic tryptase levels.     

环磷腺苷葡氨治疗老年慢性收缩性心力衰竭的疗效研究

目的观察环磷腺苷葡胺(MAC)治疗老年慢性收缩性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择2011年9月—2013年9月我院住院治疗的老年CHF患者76例,将其随机分为常规治疗组37例和MAC组39例。两组均给予常规抗心力衰竭治疗,在此基础上MAC组患者给予MAC进行治疗,均以14 d为1个疗程。比较两组疗效、治疗前后心功能指标〔包括左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)〕和B型利钠肽(BNP)水平变化情况,并记录药物不良反应。结果 MAC组患者治疗总有效率为94.9%(37/39),高于常规治疗组的70.2%(26/37)(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF和BNP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后MAC组患者LVEF高于常规治疗组,BNP水平低于常规治疗组(P0.05);两组患者LVEDV和LVESV比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗期间MAC组患者未发生严重不良反应。结论MAC治疗老年CHF疗效显著,能有效增强心肌收缩力,减轻心力衰竭症状且安全性好。     

Impact of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition on left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction after primary coronary angioplasty

Hydroxymethyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition (statin) therapy has been shown to reduce cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. We assessed the influence of short-term statin therapy on left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial in-farction. Thirty-five patients with first anterior acute myocardial infarction, who underwent primary coronary angioplasty within 12 hours of onset, were divided into 2 groups. Ten patients taking statin served as the statin group, and 25 patients not taking statin served as the control group. Two-dimensional echocardiography was recorded after angioplasty (baseline) and at 4 weeks. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, the statin group had a higher LVEF at 4 weeks than the control group (58.2 +/- 5.0 versus 49.0 +/- 12.7%; P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) at 4 weeks was lower in the statin group than in the control group (12.1 +/- 29.6 versus 39.9 +/- 35.7 mL; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that administration of statin was an independent factor for the increase in LVEDV (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that short-term statin therapy can prevent postinfarct LV remodeling and improve LV function.     

小剂量甲状腺激素治疗老年严重慢性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨在常规治疗的基础上加用小剂量甲状腺素治疗老年人冠心病严重心力衰竭（CHF）患者的临床疗效。方法CHF患者76例随机分为治疗组与对照组，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予口服甲状腺片5～20mg，1次／d，共14d。对照组不用甲状腺片。比较两组治疗14d后心功能NYHA分级、6min步行距离、心脏超声心动图测量的左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩容积（LVESV）、心输出量（CO）和心电图的改变情况。结果治疗14d后治疗组与对照组比较：①心功能NYHA分级（2．6±0．5比2．84±0．5，P=0．0378），6min步行距离[（2674±48）m比（2234-55）m，P=0．0321]，LVEF[（35．14±8．0）％比（31．84±9．0）％，P=0．0127]，LVEDV[（172．94±60．6）ml比（186．6±91．7）ml，P=0．0489]，LVESV[（121．24±48．5）ml比（133．34±68．6）ml，P=0．0132]，CO[（4．56±1．32）L／min比（4．44±1．26）L／min，P=0．0102]，均为P〈0．05，差异有统计学意义。②ECG恶性心律失常发生率、死亡率：治疗组2例，对照组3例，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗期间治疗组未发现甲状腺功能亢进表现。结论在常规治疗的基础上加用小剂量甲状腺素治疗老年人冠心病严重CHF，可显著提高疗效，治疗期间且未发现甲状腺功能亢进表现。     

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiac volumes in patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy

The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have not been studied. We hypothesized that CPAP would cause greater reductions in cardiac volumes in CHF patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) than in those with ischemic cardiomyopathy (IsC), because their ventricles are more compliant. The effects of a 30-min CPAP application at 10 cm H(2)O on RV and LV end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic volumes (ESV), determined by radionuclide angiography, were therefore tested in 22 patients with CHF due to IsC (n = 13) or IDC (n = 9). CPAP-induced reductions in LVEDV, LVESV, RVEDV, and RVESV were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the IDC than in the IsC group. Whereas in the IsC group CPAP caused no significant changes in LV or RV volumes, in the IDC group it induced significant reductions in RVEDV (527 +/- 77 ml to 354 +/- 50 ml, p = 0.03) and RVESV (400 +/- 78 ml to 272 +/- 54 ml, p = 0.04) that were greater than any reductions in LVEDV and LVESV. We conclude that CPAP causes greater short-term reductions in RV and LV volumes in CHF patients with IDC than in those with IsC, and that among patients with IDC, CPAP causes greater reductions in RV than in LV volumes.     

缬沙坦对心肌梗死患者行冠状动脉介入治疗后心室重构的影响

目的观察心肌梗死患者行冠状动脉介入治疗后,应用血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体拮抗剂缬沙坦对心室重构的影响。方法经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)58例,28例术后服用缬沙坦80mg/d;30例术后未服用缬沙坦及其他血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体拮抗剂或相关类药物。缬沙坦组和常规治疗组均于手术前3d内,手术后3个月和6个月行静息心肌灌注断层显像。结果2组在PCI治疗前及治疗后3个月左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)比较差异均无显著性,但6个月时缬沙坦组比常规治疗组LVEDV[(102.6±25.6)mLvs(117.2±28.5)mLP=0.045]及LVESV[(53.1±20.6)mLvs(66.4±28.7)mLP=0.049]明显减小,而LVEF明显增大[(56.1±9.6)%vs(47.4±13.2)%P=0.006]。随访13个月,缬沙坦组比常规治疗组临床事件发生率明显减少(24.0%vs46.7%P=0.04)。结论应用缬沙坦,可有效的防止心室重构,减少临床事件发生。     

Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator implantation on health status in patients with mild versus moderate symptoms of heart failure

Indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have expanded to include patients with mild congestive heart failure (CHF) symptoms (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class II) because of a demonstrated morbidity reduction in this subset of patients. However, little is known about postimplantation changes in their self-reported health status compared to patients with more severe CHF. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of baseline NYHA functional class on health status changes in the first 12 months after implantation of a CRT with defibrillator (CRT-D). Patients with first-time CRT-D (n = 169, 75% men, mean age 62.1 ± 10.7 years) were recruited from 3 Dutch hospitals. All patients completed the SF-36 Health Survey at the time of implantation and at 12 months after implantation. Mildly (NYHA functional class II; n = 54) and moderately (NYHA functional class III; n = 115) symptomatic CHF patients showed improved health status in several SF-36 domains at 12 months after CRT-D. When adjusting for baseline health status, the groups did not differ with respect to their health status improvement over time, but after adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, the mildly symptomatic patients reported relatively more improvement in general health (B = 10.15, SE = 3.31, p = 0.003) and social functioning (B = 10.64, SE = 3.74, p = 0.005). In conclusion, NYHA functional class II patients reported equal, and in some domains even more, improvement in health status compared to NYHA functional class III patients at 12 months after CRT-D. Hence, CRT not only prevents clinical adverse events in patients with mild CHF symptoms but also improves health status.     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心衰的临床观察

目的观察心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的临床疗效。方法选择2008年1月至2009年8月行CRT的患者32例,其中12例植入再同步心脏转复除颤器(CRT-D)。32例中30例为窦性心律,2例为房颤心律。随访21.5±6.2个月,观察患者NYHA心功能分级、QRS波时限、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、因心功不全住院时间等。结果 32例植入CRT(D)患者中,有24例临床症状明显改善,心功分级降低,LVEF和6MWD增加,QRS波时限、LVEDD减少,因心功不全住院时间明显减少约24.5%(p<0.05)。8例患者心功能没有明显改善,但因心功不全住院时间减少约8.3%(p<0.05)。4例患者记录到室性心律失常事件(12.5%),2例室速经抗心动过速起搏(ATP)有效转复,2例患者因室颤而放电,均成功转复,CRT-D均能有效识别和转复。结论 CRT可明显改善CHF患者的心功能,提高生活质量,缓解临床症状,植入CRT-D可有效预防心源性猝死(SCD)。     

慢性心力衰竭患者动态心率震荡分析

目的：探讨窦性心率震荡（HRT）的新测量指标动态心率震荡（TD）及HRT测量指标震荡初始（TO）、震荡斜率（TS）在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者中的变化,分析其与传统高危预测指标的相关性及预测CHF患者价值。方法纳入2011年9月~2013年6月在天津市胸科医院就诊的CHF患者120例作为CHF组,同期纳入非器质性心脏病患者30例作为对照组,将CHF组按NYHA分级分为轻度CHF组（心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,n=72）和中重度CHF组（心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,n=48）。所有患者行放射免疫法检测B型脑钠肽（BNP）水平,超声心动图检查左房内径（LAD）、左室舒张末径（LVEDD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）;24 h动态心电图检查记录心率变异性时域（SDNN）、平均心率、室性早搏前心率（HRVPC）以及RR间期,计算HRT指标（包括TO、TS和TD）。比较各组之间的差异,分析HRT各指标与年龄、性别、LAD、LVEDD、LVEF、BNP的相关性。结果与对照组相比,CHF组SDNN缩短[（95.67±30.22） msvs.（131.65±20.71）ms],TO和TD更高[TO：（-1.50±2.71）%vs.（0.61±1.95）%;TD：（0.012±0.004）mm/RRIvs.（0.063±0.031）mm/RRI],LAD和LVEDD更高[LAD：（36.11±2.24）mmvs.（47.65±2.13）mm;LVEDD：（43.65±7.33）mmvs.（62.13±8.70）mm],BNP明显升高[（80.05±32.30）pg/ml vs.（941.00±139.17）pg/ml],TS和LVEF更低[TS：（12.13±3.67）vs.（6.80±5.33）;LVEF：（67.30±5.21）% vs.（38.22±12.75）%],而且随着CHF程度的加重,上述改变更加明显。CHF组TO与TS、LVEF、SDNN负相关（P＜0.05）;TS与SDNN正相关（P＜0.05）,与HRVPC、BNP负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 CHF患者HRT明显减弱,其中TO和TS均受到SDNN的影响,而TD与HRVPC、SDNN、LVEF、BNP指标无关。