血清前白蛋白对评价甲亢Graves患者营养状况的作用

目的探讨评价甲亢Graves病患者的营养状况的临床实验室指标。方法选择确诊为甲亢Graves病患者99例,正常健康人60例为对照;采用采用免疫散射比浊法及溴甲酚绿比色(BCG)法测定血清前白蛋白(PreAlbumin,PA)、白蛋白(Albumin,ALB)含量。结果Graves患者组血清PA及ALB含量分别为(183±72.9)mg/L和(36.5±4.56)g/L,对照组血清PA及ALB含量分别为(241±65)mg/L和(46.25±6.25)g/L,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。甲亢(Graves病)患者组PA异常检出率36.4%(36例),ALB异常检出率为16.2%(16例)。结论血清PA检测的可靠性、敏感性高,对甲亢Graves病患者的营养状况的监测有重要的意义。     

血清前白蛋白对维持性血透患者营养状况的评价

目的：检测36例慢性肾衰病人血清前白蛋白浓度的变化，以评价其对维持性血透患者营养状况的价值。方法：采用血生化免疫测定，并对可能的影响因素进行分析。结果：慢性肾衰病人血清前白蛋白在下降较长时间后，血清白蛋白才开始下降，一些主要的生化和免疫指标均显著低于对照组，蛋白质摄入量和能量摄入，酸中毒对营养指标有影响。结论：慢性肾衰病人普遍存在营养不良，及时发现病人营养不良并纠正之，有助于改善病人的预后。     

血清前白蛋白对评价糖尿病患者营养状况的作用

近年来，血清前白蛋白(Pre Albumin，PA)作为评价营养状况的新指标在临床上逐步得到应用。本文介绍笔者等对121例塘尿病患者进行PA及血清白蛋白(Albumin，Alb)测定，探讨其对糖尿病患者营养状况评价的临床价值。     

血清前白蛋白对维持生血透患者营养状况的评价

目的检测36例慢性肾衰病人血清前白蛋白浓度的变化,以评价其对维持性血透患者营养状况的价值.方法采用血生化免疫测定,并对可能的影响因素进行分析.结果慢性肾衰病人血清前白蛋白在下降较长时间后,血清白蛋白才开始下降,一些主要的生化和免疫指标均显著低于对照组,蛋白质摄入量和能量摄入,酸中毒对营养指标有影响.结论慢性肾衰病人普遍存在营养不良,及时发现病人营养不良并纠正之,有助于改善病人的预后.     

肝硬化患者血清前白蛋白和白蛋白及胆碱酯酶检测的临床意义

目的 探讨肝硬化患者血清前白蛋白、白蛋白及胆碱酯酶水平的变化及临床意义.方法 将乙型肝炎致肝硬化患者分为代偿期30例和失代偿期25例,同期正常体格检查患者100例为对照组.测定三组的PA、ALB及ChE的水平.结果 代偿期PA、ALB及ChE的水平与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.失代偿期PA、ALB及ChE的水平与代偿期相比显著下降,差异均有（P＜0.05）.结论 通过检测肝硬化患者血清PA、ALB及ChE的水平,对于观察病情程度有一定的临床价值,肝脏受损越严重,其PA、ALB及ChE检测值越低.     

肝病患者血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白及前白蛋白检测的临床价值

目的:探讨肝病患者血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白及前白蛋白的变化及其临床意义.方法:对近几年来就诊的肝病患者血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白及前白蛋白进行回顾性分析.结果:与对照组比较,急性病毒性肝炎白蛋白降低并不明显(P＜0.05),而胆碱酯酶、前白蛋白降低明显(P＜0.01);在其他各型病毒性肝炎中胆碱酯酶、白蛋白及前白蛋白均明显减低,与对照组比较P＜0.01.结论:血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白及前白蛋白能更早更灵敏地反映肝脏的损伤、恢复程度,三者联合检测对了解临床疗效、判断预后具有一定价值.     

社区老年人血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白和前白蛋白检测的临床意义

目的探讨不同年龄段老年人血清胆碱酯酶(CHE),白蛋白(Alb)及前白蛋白(PA)的变化及临床意义。方法测定174例标本的血清胆碱酯酶,白蛋白,前白蛋白含量,按年龄分组,比较各年龄组三项结果水平变化的差异。结果不同年龄段老年人血清CHE、Alb、PA水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),随着年龄的增长,血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白、前白蛋白的含量在逐渐下降,年龄在80岁以上的老年人由于肝功能下降,营养不良等情况,下降尤为明显。结论不同年龄段老年人血清胆碱酶、白蛋白、前白蛋白含量不同,随年龄增长呈逐渐下降趋势。     

急性有机磷农药中毒患者血清前白蛋白和白蛋白的变化及意义

急性有机磷农药中毒（acute organophos phorus pesticide poisoning,AOPP）是许多医院急诊科的常见病,AOPP发病急,病情变化快,来势凶险,是导致急诊患者死亡的重要原因之一。AOPP时常伴有不同程度的肝。肾功能受损。本研究选择不同程度的AOPP患者,测定其血清前白蛋白（PAB）、白蛋白（ALB）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（AIJT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,分析以上指标在AOPP患者肝功能受损时的表达变化情况。     

血清前白蛋白在乙肝患者血清中含量的探讨

目的：比较血清前白蛋白（PAB）在健康人和两类乙肝患者血清中的含量,探讨血清PAB作为肝功能损害早期诊断的一项有价值指标。方法：采用Beckman Array 360特定蛋白质分析仪（速率散射比浊法）对100例健康对照组和HBsAg^ 、HBeAg^ 、HBcAb^ （A类）105例,HBsAg^ 、HBeAg^ 、HBcAb^ （B类）98例患者进行血清前白蛋白检测。结果：发现A类和B类乙肝患者BAB含量明显比健康对照组低,A类患者比B类患者PAB值明显偏低。结论：血清PAB检测是肝功能损害的特异试验,其在血清中含量的下降程度与肝实质损害程度呈正相关关系,病情愈重PAB含量愈低。PAB检测是目前作为肝功能损害早期诊断的一项有价值指标。     

血清前白蛋白与手足口病转归的相关性

目的探讨前白蛋白（PA）在手足口病病情监测及预后中的应用价值。方法检测390例患儿治疗过程中及治疗前后血清PA水平,比较其在治疗过程中的变化,并观察病例预后情况。结果病情加重组PA在第1—7天持续降低,第7天与第1和3天比较差异显著（t值分别为14．073和11．104,均P〈0．01）。PA水平与SPAS11评分间呈明显负相关（r=-0.564。P〈0．01）。结论PA水平在手足口患儿经有效治疗后可发生显著变化,PA检测对手足口病预后观察具有重要临床意义。     

Albumin and Prealbumin Concentrations in Patients Receiving Postoperative Parenteral Nutrition

This prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted to compare the increases in albumin and prealbumin concentrations in postoperative patients given adequate nutrition support. All surgery patients at least 18 years of age and who required parenteral nutrition were included. Of 86 patients evaluated, 16 met all criteria for study entry. Blood for albumin concentrations was drawn within 48 hours of beginning parenteral nutrition and then weekly. Blood for prealbumin concentrations was drawn within 48 hours of beginning parenteral nutrition and then twice weekly. Albumin concentrations increased from 2.00 ± 0.35 to 2.21 ± 0.42 g/dl (NS). Prealbumin concentrations increased from 11.97 ± 6.31 to 17.29 ± 8.93 mg/dl (p=0.017). All but one prealbumin concentration was in the normal range for our laboratory when parenteral nutrition was discontinued. None of the albumin concentrations were ever in the normal range. The prealbumin concentration is a better indicator than albumin of nutrition status in the postoperative patient. Since prealbumin concentrations typically rise into the normal range within a week after adequate caloric supplementation, clinicians may avoid unnecessary increases in protein-calorie intake and laboratory testing of nutrition status by using this measurement.     

人血白蛋白临床应用调查及合理性分析

目的：调查某院人血白蛋白使用情况,为建立人血白蛋白合理使用管控体系提供依据和参考。方法：回顾性调查2013年1~6月份某院使用人血白蛋白的5257份病例并统计分析,随机抽取每月30份共180份病例进行合理性评价。结果：该院白蛋白使用率为11.8%,白蛋白费用占药品总费用9.4%。180份点评的病例中合理率46.1%。结论：该院人血白蛋白使用存在一定的不合理性,建议制定人血白蛋白合理使用规范,促进临床合理用药。     

某院人血白蛋白临床应用现状调查

目的:调查分析人血白蛋白用药现状,探讨该制剂临床使用的合理性。方法:回顾性调查某三甲综合医院2014年4~6月所有使用人血白蛋白的住院患者病历,分析其用药合理性。结果:该院3个月内共有180例患者使用人血白蛋白,使用覆盖的临床科室广泛,几乎涉及全身各个系统疾病,总用量为9 345支,总金额约为34.8万元,占患者住院总费用近8%,总药品费用近11%。指南适应证符合率约为21.1%。结论:该院人血白蛋白临床应用不甚规范,需进一步加强管理,节约医疗资源,降低患者负担,同时呼吁尽快制定基于循证医学依据的指南作为指导,规范白蛋白临床应用。     

Human Serum Albumin as Multifunctional Nanocarrier for Cancer Therapy

Human serum albumin or simply called albumin is a flexible protein employed as a carrier in the fabrication of albumin-based nanocarriers (ANCs) for the administration of cancer therapeutics. Albumin can contribute enhanced tumour specificity, reduced drug induced cytotoxicity and retain concentration of the therapeutically active agent such as drug, peptide, protein, and gene for a prolonged time duration. Nevertheless, apart from cancer management, ANCs are also employed in the diagnosis, imaging, and multimodal cancer therapy. This article figures out salient characteristics, design as well as categories of ANCs in the context of their application in cancer management. In addition, this review article discusses the fabrication methods of ANCs, use of ANCs in gene, cancer, and multimodal therapy along with cancer diagnosis and imaging. Lastly, this review also briefly discusses about (ANCs) formulations, commercial products, and those under clinical testing.     

Tuning of Poly-S-Nitrosated Human Serum Albumin as Superior Antitumor Nanomedicine

Macromolecules have been developed as carriers of low-molecular-weight drugs in drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve their pharmacokinetic profile or to promote their uptake in tumor tissue via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. We have previously demonstrated that poly-nitric oxide (NO) conjugated human serum albumin (Poly-SNO-HSA) has the potential to be a DDS carrier capable of accumulating NO in tumors. However, the stability of Poly-SNO-HSA in the circulation has to be improved, and its optimal molecular size for using the EPR effects has to be evaluated. In the present study, we performed two tuning methods for refining Poly-SNO-HSA, namely, pegylation and dimerization. We observed that pegylation enhanced the stability of Poly-SNO-HSA both in vitro and in vivo, and that dimerization of Poly-SNO-HSA enhanced the antitumor activity via more efficient delivery of NO in Colon 26 tumor-bearing mice. Intriguingly, dimerization resulted in a 10 times higher antitumor activity. These data suggest that pegylation and dimerization of Poly-SNO-HSA are very important tuners to optimize NO stability and accumulation, and thereby effect, in tumors. Thus, polyethylene glycol-Poly-SNO-HSA dimer seems to be a very appealing and safe NO carrier and thereby a strong candidate as an antitumor drug in future development of cancer therapeutics.     

血清白蛋白与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病分级关系的探讨

目的:了解血清白蛋白与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)分级的相关性.方法:157例稳定期COPD患者根据肺功能分为4级,收集空腹静脉血清白蛋白值.结果:Ⅰ级COPD营养良好者44人、轻度营养不良者10人、低白蛋白血症者2人,Ⅱ级依次为11人、12人、1人,Ⅲ级依次为24人、15人、5人,Ⅳ级依次为9人、17人、7人.血清白蛋白与COPD分级的相关指数为0.253(P＜0.05);COPDⅠ级与Ⅳ级间血清白蛋白的相关指数为0.334(P＜0.05).结论:血清白蛋白的下降与稳定期COPD分级具有相关性.COPD级别差异越大血清白蛋白下降越明显.     

人血白蛋白临床应用医嘱点评标准与模式探讨

目的：探讨医院人血白蛋白临床应用医嘱点评的难点、模式和评价的具体标准,促进临床人血白蛋白的合理应用。方法：对我院应用人血白蛋白的医嘱进行点评,对人血白蛋白临床使用的不合理情况进行分析总结,对不适宜处方的界定标准和处方点评模式进行探讨。结果：针对人血白蛋白处方点评中遇到的难点问题进行分析总结,建立适应我院的医嘱点评模式以及点评标准。结论：人血白蛋白应用的合理性评价具体标准及专项点评模式需不断完善,以进一步促进人血白蛋白的合理应用。     

加替沙星与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

目的研究不同酸度条件下, 加替沙星与牛血清白蛋白之间的相互作用.方法采用荧光光谱和紫外光谱法进行研究.结果运用荧光猝灭双倒数图计算了在不同条件下二者的结合常数K, 根据Foster非辐射理论计算在正常生理条件下二者的结合距离r, 并通过热力学参数确定了二者的作用力类型.结论加替沙星与牛血清白蛋白之间有较强的相互作用, 以电荷作用力为主.     

人血白蛋白的不良反应分析

目的:分析人血白蛋白的不良反应,促进合理用药.方法:对1996-2004年国内公开报道及重庆市涪陵中心医院ADR中心收集到的人血白蛋白不良反应病例进行分析.结果:人血白蛋白的不良反应主要有过敏样反应、热原样反应、精神障碍、肾功能损害、喉头水肿、消化道出血等.结论:应重视人血白蛋白的不良反应,加大产品质量检测力度,临床慎重使用,以减少其不良反应的发生.     

Interaction of Citrinin with Human Serum Albumin

Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by several Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus species. CIT occurs worldwide in different foods and drinks and causes health problems for humans and animals. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein in human circulation. Albumin forms stable complexes with many drugs and xenobiotics; therefore, HSA commonly plays important role in the pharmacokinetics or toxicokinetics of numerous compounds. However, the interaction of CIT with HSA is poorly characterized yet. In this study, the complex formation of CIT with HSA was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and ultrafiltration techniques. For the deeper understanding of the interaction, thermodynamic, and molecular modeling studies were performed as well. Our results suggest that CIT forms stable complex with HSA (logK ~ 5.3) and its primary binding site is located in subdomain IIA (Sudlow’s Site I). In vitro cell experiments also recommend that CIT-HSA interaction may have biological relevance. Finally, the complex formations of CIT with bovine, porcine, and rat serum albumin were investigated, in order to test the potential species differences of CIT-albumin interactions.