石杉碱甲治疗精神分裂症认知功能障碍的半年随访

目的探讨石杉碱甲治疗精神分裂症认知功能障碍的疗效。方法慢性精神分裂症患者被随机分为两组,一组予石杉碱甲治疗,另一组为对照组,两组患者均维持原来的抗精神病药物治疗,疗程24周。治疗前、8周末和24周末进行韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、简明智力状态检查(MMSE)测定。结果共收集意向治疗人群(ITT)107例,治疗组58例,对照组49例。两组患者之间治疗前、8周末和24周末的WAIS、WCST、MMSE评分均无显著性差异。结论石杉碱甲对慢性精神分裂症认知功能障碍的疗效不明显。     

石杉碱甲对脑动脉硬化合并轻度认知功能障碍治疗的观察

目的65岁以上人群中血管性认知障碍的患病率达5％,与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的患病率相似,对血管性认知障碍的治疗也是非常必要的。方法2008年1月~2009年6月宣武医院神经内科门诊患者,经颅多谱勒（TCD）证实有明确脑动脉硬化,颈动脉超声提示颈动脉内膜增厚。MMSE 11～24分（为轻、中度病人）。共60例,随机分为两组。治疗方法两组均采用抗血小板、降血压、降血脂的药物治疗。观察组在上述基础上每天上下午各口服石杉碱甲100μg,连服12周。两组分别于服药前及服药后12周,采用简易智能状态量表（MMSE）对患者进行评价。结果在治疗后12周末以观察组疗效较好（P〈0.05）。结论石杉碱甲可改善神经功能性障碍,改善认知功能。在脑动脉硬化合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的治疗上,除传统的抗血小板、降血压、降血脂的药物治疗外,适当加用抗胆碱酯酶药疗效更理想。     

石杉碱甲对精神分裂症患者记忆的影响

目的 探讨石杉碱甲对精神分裂症患者记忆的影响。方法 对3l例精神分裂症患者给予不同剂量石杉碱甲，观察剂量-疗效关系，并同时作记忆测验。结果 用石杉碱甲治疗3个月后记忆商数明显改善，尤以石杉碱甲在300μg／d最为显著。结论 石杉碱甲可明显改善精神分裂症患者的记忆功能。     

石杉碱甲对重度抑郁症患者认知功能障碍的治疗：一项随机对照试验的系统综述

背景：乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase, AChE)抑制剂在重性抑郁障碍(Major Depressive Disorder, MDD)的动物模型和人类患者中已被证实可以有效地治疗认知障碍。石杉碱甲(Huperzine A, HupA)是一种来自于被称为蛇足石杉(Huperzineserrata)的石松属传统中医药,是一种强有力的AChE抑制剂,已被用于抑郁症的辅助治疗,但有尚无关石杉碱甲对MDD的强化治疗作用的meta分析。
　　目标：对有关石杉碱甲强化治疗抑郁症的随机对照试验进行系统综述和meta分析,评估其疗效及安全性。方法：两位评估者独立检索9个英文和中文数据库,选择符合预先确定的纳入标准的相关研究,提取有关疗效和安全性的数据,并进行质量评估和数据拟合合成。
　　结果：纳入了三项中国低质量的随机对照试验（总共n=238）,这些试验比较了单用抗抑郁药治疗抑郁症与抗抑郁药和石杉碱甲的联合治疗,试验中的被试从16岁到60岁。研究中石杉碱甲辅助抗抑郁药治疗的平均时间仅为6.7周。这三项研究都是公开标签未使用盲法,所以他们的总体质量评定为差。总体样本的Meta 分析发现两组抑郁症状的改善没有显著性差异（差异加权差为-1.90,95%CI可信区间为-4.23至0.44, p=0.11）。然而,石杉碱甲辅助治疗组比单用抗抑郁药治疗组在认知功能和生活质量方面有显著改善（如威斯康星卡片分类测验、韦氏记忆量表修订的评估）。组间药物不良反应的发生率无显著性差异。
　　结论：有关在接受抗抑郁药的MDD患者使用HupA辅助治疗的疗效和安全性的可获取数据不足,难以得出有关其疗效和安全性的明确结论。汇集国内3项低质量的RCT数据没有发现采用辅助使用HupA治疗抑郁症状的优势,但辅助使用HupA与更快改善经常伴随MDD出现的认知症状相关。     

石杉碱甲治疗老年血管性痴呆对患者认知功能及血清E2的影响

目的研究石杉碱甲治疗老年血管性痴呆对患者认知功能及血清E2的影响。方法选取我院2011-02—2013-08收治的120例老年血管性痴呆患者为研究对象,随机分为2组,每组60例,对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加服石杉碱甲,比较2组治疗前后MMSE、CDR、ADL评分,血液流变学指标,E2、P300潜伏期和波幅,临床疗效。结果 2组治疗后MMSE、CDR、ADL值均有改善,且观察组改善情况优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后,全血黏度、血红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原均有改善,且观察组改善大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后E2值较治疗前明显提高、P300潜伏期缩短、P300波幅增大,对照组治疗后E2值较治疗前有所降低、P300潜伏期增长、P300波幅减小,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组临床疗效总有效率83.3%高于对照组61.7%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论石杉碱甲治疗老年血管性痴呆安全有效,能够改善患者认知功能,提高患者日常生活能力。     

非痴呆型血管性认知功能障碍患者神经心理学特点及石杉碱甲的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨非痴呆型血管性认知功能障碍（VCIND）患者的神经心理学特点,观察石杉碱甲对认知功能损害的改善作用。方法：将64例VCIND患者随机分成2组：常规治疗组和石杉碱甲治疗组;另设健康对照42例。3组均进行简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、画钟试验（cDT）测定。VCIND患者治疗第4和第8周时重新测定MMSE及CDT并加以对比。结果：①VCIND组与健康对照组在CDT评分、MMSE总分以及时间定向、地点定向、计算能力、短程记忆、言语复述、阅读能力、语言表达及图形描绘方面的差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。②石杉碱甲治疗的VCIND患者第8周时MMSE、CDT评分与治疗前及常规治疗组比较均有明显改善。结论：①CDT、MMSE总分及亚项的测评,有利于早期发现VCIND患者的认知功能受损。②石杉碱甲可有效改善VCIND患者的认知功能损害。     

石杉碱甲配合氟西汀对抑郁症记忆功能和疗效影响的研究

目的：探讨石杉碱甲对抑郁症患者记忆功能的影响。方法：将78例抑郁症患者随机分为单用药组（单用氟西汀治疗）和合用药组（氟西汀联合石杉碱甲治疗）各39例,疗程8周。于治疗前及治疗2、4和8周,采用韦氏记忆量表修订版（WMS-RC）测评记忆功能;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效。结果：两组记忆功能和HAMD评分治疗后均有明显改善,以合用药组较单用药组改善更为显著;记忆商总分显著提高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：石杉碱甲能提高抑郁症患者的记忆功能,改善认知障碍,对抑郁症有较好的辅助或增效作用。     

石杉碱甲治疗血管性痴呆的临床研究

目的：观察石杉碱甲治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆（VaD）的临床疗效和安全性。方法：78例轻、中度VaD患者随机分为两组。石杉碱甲组39例：男性24例,女性15例,年龄（71．8±7．2）岁;对照组39例：男性26例,女性13例,年龄（72．3±6．9）岁。石杉碱甲组给予石杉碱甲0．1mg,bid,口服;对照组给予维生素C100mg,bid,口服。两组总疗程为12周。采用简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）、临床痴呆程度量表（CDR）和日常生活能力量表（ADL）作为评价指标。结果：石杉碱甲治疗12周后MMSE、CDR及ADL分数分别较对照组和治疗前明显改善（P〈0．01）。结论：石杉碱甲可显著改善VaD患者的认知功能,且安全性良好。     

石杉碱甲治疗脑器质性疾病的记忆和认知功能的疗效观察

目的探讨石杉碱甲治疗脑器质性疾病的记忆和认知功能的疗效.方法用石杉碱甲治疗脑器质性疾病64例,疗程八周.其中阿尔采木氏病(AD)23例,血管性痴呆(VD)41例.采用韦氏记忆商数(WMQ)、简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评定疗效.结果治疗后,AD、VD两组的(WMQ)与MMSE得分均较治疗前有明显改善(P＜0.05～0.1).结论石杉碱甲对治疗脑器质性疾病的记忆和认知功能有效.     

帕金森病患者的抑郁与认知功能障碍

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者的抑郁与认知功能障碍之间的关系。方法对60名PD患者和38名对照组进行抑郁和认知功能评定。结果PD组HAMD均分(16.8±0.6),对照组(7.2±2.8);PD组的认知功能与对照组相比下降;PD并抑郁患者的认知功能与PD并非抑郁患者的认知功能相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论PD患者存在抑郁与认知功能障碍,抑郁可能是导致认知功能下降的重要因素。     

Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease

正Cognitive rehabilitation is a potential and promising treatment for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease(PD)that has shown efficacy in diverse studies.In addition,some few studies have found brain changes after cognitive rehabilitation in PD,which supports the existence of brain plasticity associated to cognitive training in a degen-     

帕金森病患者轻度认知功能损害

目的 探讨帕金森病(PD)患者伴轻度认知功能损害(MCI)即PD-MCI的特征及其相关因素.方法 采用多种量表[MMSE、Hoehn-Yahr分期、Webster评分、PD统一评分量表-运动(UPDRS-motor)及剑桥老年认知检查量表中文版(CAMCOG-C)]评估PD患者的病情严重程度、运动和认知功能;应用Petersen改良标准诊断PD-MCI.结果 89例PD患者中,认知正常(PDCOGNL)56例(63%),PD-MCI 20例(22%),PD痴呆(PDD)13例(15%).PD-MCI组较PDCOGNL组在定向、语言、记忆、注意、执行、思维、知觉等方面均存在明显损害,两组年龄和起病年龄差异无统计学意义,受教育程度差异有统计学意义(PD-MCI:4.4±4.3,PDCOGNL:7.1±4.9;q=3.270,P<0.05);PD-MCI组的年龄、起病年龄及受教育程度较PDD组差异均无统计学意义;而PDD组较PDCOGNL组在年龄、起病年龄、受教育程度等方面差异均有统计学意义(q=-4.913、-4.997、4.740,均P<0.01);3组间病程差异无统计学意义.Hoehn-Yahr分期、Webster评分及UPDRS-motor评分与PD认知功能均存在负相关.结论 PD-MCI是PD认知正常与PDD之间的过渡状态,存在多个区域的认知损害;高龄、起病年龄迟、受教育程度低可能是PD认知损害的危险因素;疾病严重程度及运动功能与PD认知功能存在着负相关.     

Measuring mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease

We examined the frequency of Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) and its subtypes and the accuracy of 3 cognitive scales for detecting PD‐MCI using the new criteria for PD‐MCI proposed by the Movement Disorders Society. Nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease completed a clinical visit with the 3 screening tests followed 1 to 3 weeks later by neuropsychological testing. Of 139 patients, 46 met Level 2 Task Force criteria for PD‐MCI when impaired performance was based on comparisons with normative scores. Forty‐two patients (93%) had multi‐domain MCI. At the lowest cutoff levels that provided at least 80% sensitivity, specificity was 44% for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and 33% for the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease‐Cognition. The Mini‐Mental State Examination could not achieve 80% sensitivity at any cutoff score. At the highest cutoff levels that provided specificity of at least 80%, sensitivities were low (≤44%) for all tests. When decline from estimated premorbid levels was considered evidence of cognitive impairment, 110 of 139 patients were classified with PD‐MCI, and 103 (94%) had multi‐domain MCI. We observed dramatic differences in the proportion of patients who had PD‐MCI using the new Level 2 criteria, depending on whether or not decline from premorbid level of intellectual function was considered. Recommendations for methods of operationalizing decline from premorbid levels constitute an unmet need. Among the 3 screening tests examined, none of the instruments provided good combined sensitivity and specificity for PD‐MCI. Other tests recommended by the Task Force Level 1 criteria may represent better choices, and these should be the subject of future research. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society     

Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment treated with cholinesterase inhibitors

BACKGROUND: Individuals who have Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) may be in a transitional stage between aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The high rate of conversion from MCI to AD makes early treatment an important clinical issue. Recent evidence suggests that cognitive training intervention may reduce the rate of progression to AD. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a NeuroPsychological Training (TNP) in patients with MCI who are treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), compared with patients MCI treated only with ChEIs and patients not treated, in a longitudinal, one year follow-up study. METHODS: One year longitudinal and retrospective comparison study of neuropsychological performances in 59 subjects affected by Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) according to Petersen's criteria. Fifteen subjects were randomised to receive TNP plus cholinesterase inhibitors; 22 subjects cholinesterase inhibitors alone and 22 subjects no treatment. All the subjects referring memory complaints, corroborated by an informant, underwent a multidimensional assessment concerning neuropsychological, behavioural and functional characteristics, at baseline and after one year follow-up. RESULTS: Subjects without treatment maintained their cognitive, functional and behavioural status after one year; patients treated only with ChEIs improved in depressive symptoms whereas subjects treated with TNP and ChEIs showed significant improvements in different cognitive areas, such as memory, abstract reasoning and in behavioural disturbances, particularly depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A long-term TNP in ChEIs-treated MCI subjects induces additional cognitive and mood benefits.     

帕金森病患者轻度认知损害的临床调查

目的 研究帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)伴有轻度认知功能缺损(mild cognitiveimpairment,MCI,即PD-MCI)患者患病率及其神经心理学特征.方法 设立PD患者组(n=103)及健康对照组(n=32)进行比较.心理学测验工具由MMSE、痴呆评定量表及其他神经心理学测试组成,汉密尔顿抑郁量表用以评定患者的抑郁程度.结果 (1)21例(20.4%)PD患者被诊断为痴呆,37例(35.9%)患者认知功能完整,45例(43.7%)患者有MCI;(2)与认知正常的PD患者相比,PD-MCI患者年龄更大,PD起病更晚,且运动损害更为严重;(3)PD-MCI的患病率和神经心理学特征与PD症状主要累及何侧及分型有一定关系:左侧组比右侧组患者出现MCI的概率要高(74.2%和42.2%,χ2=7.589,P<0.05);震颤为主型患者与混合型患者相比,Stroop测词试验(SWT)的耗时(s)显著减少(80.8±39.9和94.4±30.0,t=3.332,P<0.01).结论在PD患者中,筛查出PD-MCI患者有着重要的临床意义,有助于临床医生针对性地处理不同PD患者,并易化对其预后的判断.     

Profiling conversation in Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment

The impact of cognitive impairment on the interaction between people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their carers was examined. A conversation analytic approach was taken to profile the nature of the communication difficulties of 12 people with PD with cognitive impairment in addition to the articulatory and prosodic disturbances typically associated with PD. Using a methodology that combined carer reports and analysis of conversational data, the complex relationship between impaired communicative behaviour, carers perceptions and the influence of changes from premorbid conversational styles and contexts was examined. The interactional consequences of altered communication behaviour were explored by analysing the types of strategies that were spontaneously used by carers when difficulties arose in conversation. The study further compared the conversational profiles of people with PD diagnosed with two putatively different pathologies in an attempt to determine whether analysis of interaction could discriminate between (i) people with PD who developed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and (ii) those whose cognitive impairment was attributed to subcortical pathology. This analysis sought to inform a wider debate as to whether particular interactional changes may be indicative of certain underlying cognitive deficits. The implications of analysing conversational interaction for working with this population are discussed.     

帕金森病轻度认知损害

轻度认知损害是帕金森病最为常见的非运动症状之一,是影响帕金森病患者日常生活活动能力的主要因素.轻度认知损害是介于正常老龄化与痴呆之间的过渡阶段,一般生活能力保持良好、发生轻度认知损害的帕金森病患者被称为帕金森病轻度认知损害,其临床特征可表现为不同认知领域损害,如工作记忆和(或)注意力、执行能力、言语、记忆力及视空间能力障碍等.在本文中,我们通过文献复习从流行病学、病理学、临床表现特点,以及辅助检查及诊断标准等方面对帕金森病轻度认知损害进行概述.     

帕金森病轻度认知损害

认知功能障碍是帕金森病较为常见的非运动症状,影响帕金森病患者生活质量、增加照料者负担。帕金森病认知功能障碍可以表现为轻度认知损害,也可以表现为痴呆。帕金森病轻度认知损害见于疾病早期,随着病情进展发病率逐渐升高,可进展为帕金森病痴呆。帕金森病轻度认知损害的诊断标准包括纳入标准、排除标准和损害水平判断。非药物治疗如运动锻炼和认知行为疗法可以改善帕金森病轻度认知损害症状,其药物治疗尚待进一步研究。     

Social cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Journal of Neurology - Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to be primarily a disorder of the motor system due to dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. However, recent studies...     

Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Our purpose was to characterize a state of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) (PD‐MCI) that would be analogous to the MCI that is posited as a precursor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We categorized 86 PD subjects in a brain bank population as either cognitively normal (PD‐CogNL), PD‐MCI using criteria that included a 1.5 standard deviation or greater deficit upon neuropsychological testing consistently across at least one cognitive domain without dementia, and PD dementia (PD‐D) using DSM‐IV criteria. Twenty‐one percent of our PD sample met criteria for PD‐MCI, 62% were PD‐CogNL, and 17% had PD‐D. The mean duration of PD and MMSE scores of the PD‐MCI group were intermediate and significantly different from both PD‐CogNL and PD‐D. The cognitive domain most frequently abnormal in PD‐MCI was frontal/executive dysfunction followed by amnestic deficit. Single domain PD‐MCI was more common than PD‐MCI involving multiple domains. We conclude that a stage of clinical cognitive impairment in PD exists between PD‐CogNL and PD‐D, and it may be defined by applying criteria similar to the MCI that is posited as a precursor of AD. Defining PD‐MCI offers an opportunity for further study of cognitive impairment in PD and targets for earlier therapeutic intervention. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society