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目的了解2009年四川省肿瘤登记覆盖地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况。方法对四川省5个肿瘤登记点上报2009年肿瘤登记资料进行审核与评价,选取肿瘤登记数据质量达标的3个登记点,收集肿瘤登记数据,计算肿瘤发病(死亡)率、年龄别发病(死亡)率等指标。结果纳人分析的3个肿瘤登记点2009年报告肿瘤新发病例4667例,死亡3192例。恶性肿瘤发病率310.6/10万(男性377.9/10万,女性239.3/10万),城市地区发病率263.4/10万,农村地区379.8/10万。发病率35岁“年龄组开始快速升高,80岁~时处于最高水平。恶性肿瘤死亡率212.5/10万(男性270.2/10万,女性151.2/10万),城市地区死亡率150.4/10万,农村地区303.2/10万。死亡率35岁~年龄组开始较为快速升高,70岁一开始迅速升高并无下降趋势。全省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率居前几位的是胃癌、肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌,发病前10位的恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤发病的79.12%。死亡率居前几位的是胃癌、肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、直肠癌,死亡居前10位的恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的85.09%。结论胃癌、肺癌、食管癌、直肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌是威胁我省肿瘤登记地区居民健康的主恶性肿瘤,应作为防控重点。 相似文献
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广州市肿瘤登记报告信息系统的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
广州市肿瘤登记报告信息系统的目标是围绕肿瘤病例报告和患者管理的实际工作需要,将肿瘤病例报告业务流程实现电子化,建立一个高效、可靠与安全的数据库系统,实现病例资料在各级相关部门之间实时传递,动态更新,采用最新的国际疾病分类系统,并且能够与旧的分类系统相互转换.该系统的特点是采用B/S架构,充分考虑系统的安全性,实现多种管理辅助功能,减轻日常统计分析工作量. 相似文献
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沈立松卞炳贤 《中华健康管理学杂志》2016,(4):253-257
随着发病率和死亡率的增加,癌症已经成为中国人群死亡的首要原因和主要的公共健康问题。据《2015中国癌症统计》的调查,中国2015年估计有429.2万例癌症新发病例,281.4万例癌症死亡,肺癌成为最常见癌症,也是癌症死亡的首要原因。 相似文献
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目的:在现有以医院为基础的出生缺陷监测的基础上,通过试点逐步建立以人群为基础的出生缺陷监测系统,获得人群出生缺陷发生率。方法:按照全国妇幼卫生监测办公室制定的以人群为基础的出生缺陷监测方案,对连江县2003年5月1日~2004年4月31日所有孕20周~生后1年的监测对象进行逐一筛查,首次发现的所有出生缺陷病例均应报告。结果:以人群为基础的出生缺陷监测13 159例,筛查出生缺陷494例,出生缺陷平均发生率37.54‰,前10位畸形病种顺位是:血管瘤、脐疝、斜疝、鞘膜积液、睾丸未降、先天性心脏病、副耳、先天性脑积水、多指(趾)、唇裂。出生缺陷发生率男性高于女性,出生缺陷确诊时间在生后1~3个月比例最大,占52.02%。结论:以医院为基础的出生缺陷监测,由于监测期短,存在一定的偏倚,尚不能完全反映人口出生缺陷的发生情况,以人群为基础的监测结果避免了上述不足,能够很好地反映实际情况,并为进一步探讨致畸物及制定干预措施提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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目的 分析江西省肿瘤登记地区2011-2013年肺癌发病和死亡情况,为制定肺癌预防控制措施提供依据。方法 根据江西省6个肿瘤登记地区2011-2013年肺癌的发病和死亡资料,分析肺癌粗发病率、粗死亡率、标化率、累积率、截缩率、潜在减寿年(PYLL)、减寿率(PYLLR)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)。结果 2011-2013年江西省肿瘤登记地区肺癌粗发病率为43.08/10万,中国人口标化发病率为26.48/10万,世界人口标化发病率为35.88/10万,累积发病率(0~74岁)为4.47%;粗死亡率为27.98/10万,中国人口标化死亡率为16.54/10万,世界人口标化死亡率为22.67/10万,累积死亡率(0~74岁)为2.77%。肺癌发病率和死亡率男性高于女性,且随着年龄的增长而升高。肺癌的PYLL和AYLL分别为14199人年和8.26年,其中男性分别为10471人年和8.20年,女性分别为3728人年和8.42年。结论 江西省肿瘤登记地区肺癌的发病和死亡低于全国平均水平,男性和中老年人是肺癌防治的重点人群,应重视女性因肺癌早亡现象。 相似文献
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TuanAnh Nguyen Rosemary Knight Elizabeth Ellen Roughe Geoffrey Brooks Andrea Mant 《中国卫生政策研究》2015,8(4):1-11
药品支出上涨是全球问题。为应对这一压力,多数高收入国家制定并实施了一系列的药品定价和采购政策。然而,尽管中低收入国家希望能够有效控制药品支出预算,但其药品市场不规范,并缺乏可行的药品定价或采购政策。高收入国家药品支出通常由国家或社会医疗保险机构支付,而中低收入国家大多是个人自付,这会给政策执行造成阻力。由于对药品定价和采购政策是否高效缺乏严谨的调查研究,因而一定程度上阻碍了中低收入国家政策方案的实施。本文对已发表的有关药品定价和采购政策的文章进行综述发现,许多有效的政策也伴随着各种风险。全球尚没有一种最佳的政策选择,各国应根据具体国情,多种政策结合使用。中低收入国家的实证研究尚不足,由于缺乏完善的法律体系以及未建立专门的药品采购机构,任何一种政策选择所伴随的风险在这些国家都会引起更大的争议,然而这或许是帮助其改善药品定价和采购体系的关键因素。 相似文献
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目的 分析黔南州2016年≥60岁老年人群恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况,为制定防治决策提供参考依据。方法 对黔南州2016年≥60岁老年人群恶性肿瘤登记数据进行分析,分别计算黔南州2016年≥60岁老年人群肿瘤发病(死亡)率、年龄别发病(死亡)率、标化发病(死亡)率、截缩发病(死亡)率及累积发病(死亡)率等指标。结果 2016年黔南州≥60岁老年人群恶性肿瘤发病率为221.62/10万,中标率153.05/10万,世标率146.86/10万,截缩率(35~<64岁)为243.65/10万,累积率(0~<74岁)为16.53%。2016年黔南州≥60岁老年人群恶性肿瘤死亡率为94.19/10万,中标率60.67/10万,世标率58.82/10万,截缩率(35~<64岁)为132.61/10万,累积率(0~<74岁)为9.53%。肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和鼻咽癌是黔南州老年人群主要的常见恶性肿瘤,占全部新发病例的49.51%;肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌是黔南州老年人群主要的肿瘤死因,约占全部死亡病例的52.61%。结论 肺癌、消化道癌是黔南州老年人群主要恶性肿瘤,应加强监测与干预。 相似文献
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肿瘤登记资料统计分析的微机实用软件 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文介绍了用于肿瘤登记资料统计分析的计算机软件,该软件用FORTRAN和BASIC语言编写。其目的在于实现对肿瘤登记资料的各种统计分析,主要有:1.按性别、年龄组和部位统计病例数报表;2.根据不同的年龄分组计算病例数的绝对频数、相对频数和累积频数;3.寿命表分析:产生观察生存率和相对生存率分析表;4.根据病例的诊断依据或其不同的组合,统计病例报表;5.分析每一个传报医院所报告的病例数,计算其中死亡补发病及有病理学诊断依据的病例的绝对频数和相对频数;6.生存分析:进行两组比较的各时点观察生存率的U-检验,两组或多组生存期比较的时序检验,关于相对生存率的各种统计学检验;7.发病死亡资料分析:计算年龄别率、粗率、标化率、截缩率(35~64岁)、累积率(0~64和0~74岁)等;8.儿童肿瘤登记资料的统计分析:统计指标类似于发病死亡资料的分析,但率用年平均百万分之率;9.制图:形成前十位恶性肿瘤标化率的直方图,某一肿瘤部位的年龄别率线图;10.编制人口简略和完全寿命表。分析结果将被存贮在磁盘文件中,或直接打印出来。此外,软件还为用户提供了其它许多实用功能。 相似文献
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Anne Marie Sowerbutts Stephen R. Knight Marie Carmela M. Lapitan Ahmad U. Qureshi Mayaba Maimbo Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli Stephen Tabiri Dhruva Ghosh Pamela Alice Kingsley Sudha Sundar Catherine A. Shaw Apple Valparaiso Cristina Almira Alviz Aneel Bhangu Evropi Theodoratou Thomas G. Weiser Ewen M. Harrison Sorrel T. Burden 《Nutrients》2022,14(4)
Preoperative undernutrition is a prognostic indicator for postoperative mortality and morbidity. Evidence suggests that treating undernutrition can improve surgical outcomes. This study explored the provision of nutritional screening, assessment and support on surgical cancer wards in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This was a qualitative study and participants took part in one focus group or one individual interview. Data were analysed thematically. There were 34 participants from Ghana, India, the Philippines and Zambia: 24 healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 10 patients. Results showed that knowledge levels and enthusiasm were high in HCPs. Barriers to adequate nutritional support were a lack of provision of ward and kitchen equipment, food and sustainable nutritional supplements. There was variation across countries towards nutritional screening and assessment which seemed to be driven by resources. Many hospitals where resources were scarce focused on the care of individual patients in favour of an integrated systems approach to identify and manage undernutrition. In conclusion, there is scope to improve the efficiency of nutritional management of surgical cancer patients in LMICs through the integration of nutrition assessment and support into routine hospital policies and procedures, moving from case management undertaken by interested personnel to a system-based approach including the whole multidisciplinary team. 相似文献
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Pregnancy is one of the more important periods in life when increased micronutrients, and macronutrients are most needed by the body; both for the health and well-being of the mother and for the growing foetus and newborn child. This brief review aims to identify the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) likely to be deficient in women of reproductive age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), especially during pregnancy, and the impact of such deficiencies. A global prevalence of some two billion people at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and multiple micronutrient deficiencies of many pregnant women in LMIC underline the urgency to establishing the optimal recommendations, including for delivery. It has long been recognized that adequate iron is important for best reproductive outcomes, including gestational cognitive development. Similarly, iodine and calcium have been recognized for their roles in development of the foetus/neonate. Less clear effects of deficiencies of zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium have been reported. Folate sufficiency periconceptionally is recognized both by the practice of providing folic acid in antenatal iron/folic acid supplementation and by increasing numbers of countries fortifying flours with folic acid. Other vitamins likely to be important include vitamins B12, D and A with the water-soluble vitamins generally less likely to be a problem. Epigenetic influences and the likely influence of micronutrient deficiencies on foetal origins of adult chronic diseases are currently being clarified. Micronutrients may have other more subtle, unrecognized effects. The necessity for improved diets and health and sanitation are consistently recommended, although these are not always available to many of the world’s pregnant women. Consequently, supplementation programmes, fortification of staples and condiments, and nutrition and health support need to be scaled-up, supported by social and cultural measures. Because of the life-long influences on reproductive outcomes, including inter-generational ones, both clinical and public health measures need to ensure adequate micronutrient intakes during pregnancy, but also during adolescence, the first few years of life, and during lactation. Many antenatal programmes are not currently achieving this. We aim to address the need for micronutrients during pregnancy, the importance of micronutrient deficiencies during gestation and before, and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that achieve healthier pregnancies and improved pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献
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公立医院预约挂号服务内容现况分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的调查目前市级医院预约就医服务的内容,为优化预约就医服务的服务内容和流程,提出措施和建议。方法现场调查法和专题小组讨论。结果被调查的医院已全部开展预约挂号服务,各家医院提供的预约服务内容各不相同,涉及医院和患者利益的几个环节各家医院差异加大。结论公立医院预约挂号存在服务内容差异程度过大,有些涉及患者利益的环节急需规范等问题,并就这些问题提出建议。 相似文献
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So Yoon Sim Elizabeth Watts Dagna Constenla Shuoning Huang Logan Brenzel Bryan N. Patenaude 《Value in health》2021,24(1):70-77
ObjectivesUnderstanding the level of investment needed for the 2021-2030 decade is important as the global community faces the next strategic period for vaccines and immunization programs. To assist with this goal, we estimated the aggregate costs of immunization programs for ten vaccines in 94 low- and middle-income countries from 2011 to 2030.MethodWe calculated vaccine, immunization delivery and stockpile costs for 94 low- and middle-income countries leveraging the latest available data sources. We conducted scenario analyses to vary assumptions about the relationship between delivery cost and coverage as well as vaccine prices for fully self-financing countries.ResultsThe total aggregate cost of immunization programs in 94 countries for 10 vaccines from 2011 to 2030 is $70.8 billion (confidence interval: $56.6-$93.3) under the base case scenario and $84.1 billion ($72.8-$102.7) under an incremental delivery cost scenario, with an increasing trend over two decades. The relative proportion of vaccine and delivery costs for pneumococcal conjugate, human papillomavirus, and rotavirus vaccines increase as more countries introduce these vaccines. Nine countries in accelerated transition phase bear the highest burden of the costs in the next decade, and uncertainty with vaccine prices for the 17 fully self-financing countries could lead to total costs that are 1.3-13.1 times higher than the base case scenario.ConclusionResource mobilization efforts at the global and country levels will be needed to reach the level of investment needed for the coming decade. Global-level initiatives and targeted strategies for transitioning countries will help ensure the sustainability of immunization programs. 相似文献
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目的:了解本溪市城区2011—2017年恶性肿瘤发病死亡变化情况。方法:收集2011—2017年本溪市城区肿瘤发病死亡数据,分析恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率、标化率、0~74岁累积率、年度变化百分比等指标。结果:2011—2017年本溪市城区恶性肿瘤发病19 481例,发病率为298.51/10万,中标率为176.31/10万,世标率为174.64/10万,[80,85)岁年龄组发病达到峰值。发病前5位分别为肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、肝癌和胃癌。死亡13 333例,死亡率为204.30/10万,中标率为116.31/10万,世标率为116.56/10万,死亡高峰在≥85岁年龄组。肺癌居死亡首位,其次为肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和食管癌。结论:2011—2017年本溪市城区恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势,应重点防治肺癌。 相似文献
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许伟 《中国医疗器械信息》2011,17(11):1-4,13
医疗器械注册管理是医疗器械监督管理工作的重要组成部分.我国的医疗器械注册管理制度从建立到发展,经历了15年时间.笔者通过回顾这短短十几年医疗器械注册管理制度的演变,总结了我国医疗器械注册工作的经验和目前存在的主要问题,为进一步完善医疗器械注册管理体系,提高医疗器械注册工作的质量和效率提供参考依据. 相似文献
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根据医疗器械注册产品标准编写规范,结合标准复核的工作实践,对医疗器械注册产品标准复核过程中发现的常见问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的建议。旨在规范注册产品标准的编写,加速产品标准化进程,促进行业规范发展。 相似文献