辽西地区不同转运途径对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死救治情况和短期预后的影响

目的：分析辽西地区不同转运方式对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者救治情况及短期预后的影响。方法：纳入辽西地区2家医院共571例STEMI患者,根据患者的转运情况将患者分为自行转运组和救护车转运组。详细记录两组患者的临床资料、症状发作到首次医疗接触时间（Symptom-to-FMC,STF）、溶栓的比例、急诊PCI的比例、住院总费用、住院期间不良心血管事件和出院后1个月二级预防用药情况及不良心血管事件发生率。结果：急救车组例189例（33.1%）,自行转运组382例（66.9%）。救护车组STF时间显著短于自行就诊组(12.3h±5.3h比10.2h±4.9h,P<0.001)。救护车组溶栓的比例显著高于自行就诊组（15.3%比7.9%,p=0.006）。救护车组急诊PCI的比例显著高于自行就诊组（15.9%比9.9%,p=0.040）。两组间住院期间不良心血管事件无显著差异（13.4%比10.6%,P=0.345）。急救车组出院后1个月规律使用二级预防用药比例显著高于自行转运组（60.3%比50.8%,P=0.032）。自行转运组出院后1个月MACE发生率显著高于急救车组（13.6%比7.9%,P=0.047）。结论：急救车转运可缩短STEMI患者缺血时间,降低不良心血管事件,改善预后。     

低风险急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者早期出院的可行性分析

目的 探讨低风险急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者早期出院的可行性。方法 连续入组2015年1月至2019年9月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急诊科、接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗且Zwolle评分≤3分的STEMI患者748例。根据患者住院时长分为短期出院组（≤3 d）与非短期出院组（>3 d）,并完成全部患者的1年随访。本研究主要终点为1年全因死亡的发生率,次要终点为1年不良心脑血管事件（MACE）的发生率。结果 短期出院组1年病死率略高于非短期出院组,但结果无统计学意义（2.4%比1.0%,HR=1.00,95%CI 0.83～1.23,P=0.184）。两组患者MACCE事件发生率未见统计学差异（10.3%比13.2%,HR=0.97,95%CI 0.79～1.18,P>0.05）。结论 低风险STEMI患者直接PCI术后早期出院安全可行。     

血清肌酐水平对ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗患者预后的影响

目的探讨血清肌酐水平对ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者预后的影响。方法接受急诊PCI治疗的495例STEMI患者,根据入院即刻肌酐水平分为肌酐正常组409例和肌酐升高组86例,随诊1 a,比较两组患者院内和1 a时的病死率及主要不良心脏事件（MACE,包括死亡、心肌梗死、需要血运重建的心绞痛）的发生情况。结果入院肌酐升高组患者与正常组比较,年龄大,高血压患者发病率及既往心肌梗死发病率高,心功能差,院内病死率和随访1 a时病死率、MACE发生率均较高,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。多变量回归分析显示,入院肌酐水平与STEMI接受急诊PCI治疗患者1 a病死率密切相关（RR=1.41,95%CI：1.24-2.69,P=0.02）。结论STEMI接受急诊PCI治疗患者入院时的肌酐水平对预测患者预后有重要意义。     

血清糖化白蛋白对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入患者长期预后的研究

目的：评估血清糖化白蛋白（GA）对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者PCI术后不良预后的预测价值。方法：本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2018年1月至2020年12月在平顶山市第二人民医院接受PCI的18～80岁STEMI患者,主要终点事件是包括全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性卒中或计划外的再次血运重建的复合终点。采用多变量COX比例风险回归模型评估GA与主要终点事件的相关性。结果：共有765例接受PCI的STEMI患者（平均年龄57.1岁;83.7%为男性）入选本研究。在平均17.2个月的随访期后共发生54个（7.1%）主要终点事件。当GA作为连续变量时,GA水平每增加1%,主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE）风险增加9%((HR=1.09, 95%CI:1.06～1.14, P <0.001)。当GA转化为分类变量并纳入模型中时,即使调整了HbA1C及血脂等传统危险因素后仍显示,较高的GA水平与主要终点事件的风险显著增加（中GA组vs.低GA组：HR=1.18,95%CI:0.56～2.60,P=0.64;高GA组vs.低GA组：HR=2.32,95%CI:1.17～...     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对心肌梗死患者心肌灌注及预后的评估

目的观察中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR）对判断急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后患者的心肌灌注和预后的影响。方法选取接受直接PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者551例,根据入院第一次NLR,将患者按照四分位数法分成4组。比较各组患者临床特征、冠脉造影结果,入院30天内的死亡、心血管事件和校正的TIMI帧计数（CTFC）和TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）。结果在NLR最高组中,患者年龄较大,入院舒张压偏低,Killip心功能分级Ⅱ至Ⅳ级患者比例较高（P〈0.05）,血清肌酐〉133μmol/L患者比例增加;双支病变和三支病变患者比例明显高于其他三组（P〈0.05）。同时,CTFC数值高于其他三组,TMPG0-1级比例亦显著增加。左室射血分数明显降低（P〈0.05）;PCI术后30天内的主要心血管事件以及死亡均高于其他3组,具有统计学意义,多元回归分析logNLR与30天内的主要心血管事件相关（r=2.27,P〈0.05）。结论入院时NLR较高的STEMI患者,PCI术后的其心肌灌注较差,且预后不良。     

Lp-PLA_2预测急性心梗患者PCI预后的价值

目的探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A_2(Lp-PLA_2)对行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的预测价值。方法连续入选2014年6月至2015年6月在河北省涿州市医院心内科住院治疗的首次急性心肌梗死患者共220例。入院根据PCI术前检测Lp-PLA_2水平分为高、低水平两组,随访6个月,观察住院期间及随访期间心血管事件发生情况。结果高Lp-PLA_2组在前壁心肌梗死、心功能killip≥Ⅱ分级比例、血肌酐(Cr)水平及冠脉病变支数高于低Lp-PLA_2组,左室射血分数(LVEF)明显低于低Lp-PLA_2组,6个月内预后比较有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A_2对行直接PCI的急性STEMI患者6个月内发生心血管事件的预测有一定的价值。     

血清硫脑苷脂与心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后不良心血管事件的关系

目的 探讨入院时血清硫脑苷脂(sulfatide)与ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊PCI术后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)风险的关系。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年4月在我院接受PCI的STEMI患者317例为STEMI组,同期因胸痛行冠状动脉造影的患者80例为对照组,根据血清sulfatide中位值,将STEMI患者分为低sulfatide组158例和高sulfatide组159例。ELISA检测冠状动脉造影前血清sulfatide水平。PCI术后随访STEMI患者MACE发生情况,至少随访24个月。结果 入院时STEMI组血清sulfatide水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。高sulfatide组LDL-C、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、N末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)、高敏C反应蛋白、TNF-α、白细胞介素6、Gensini评分、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室收缩末期容积高于低sulfatide组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。MACE患者血清sulfatide水平高于非MACE患者(P<0.01)。cTnI、NT-proBNP、su...     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡弱诱导因子对急诊介入术后院内心血管不良事件的预测价值

目的研究急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡弱诱导因子(sTWEAK)对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后院内心血管不良事件的预测价值。方法选择2017年5月至2019年5月期间在我院诊断为急性STEMI并接受急诊PCI治疗的患者进行回顾性研究。评价患者PCI术后院内心血管不良事件,包括死亡、心肌梗死、室性心律失常、脑血管意外的情况。分析PCI术后院内心血管不良事件的影响因素及血清sTWEAK的预测价值。结果入组的100例患者中,PCI术后发生心血管不良事件14例,发生率为14%。单因素分析显示,与PCI术后未发生心血管不良事件患者比较,PCI术后发生心血管不良事件患者的糖尿病率、白细胞计数、血糖、高敏C反应蛋白、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、多支血管病变比例、sTWEAK含量均增加,发病至PCI时间延长,使用替罗非班比例、血栓抽吸比例、治疗后TIMI分级均降低。Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病、CK-MB峰值、sTWEAK、使用替罗非班、血栓抽吸是PCI术后心血管不良事件的影响因素。入院时血清sTWEAK预测PCI术后院内心血管不良事件的最佳截点为68.5 ng/L,灵敏度、特异性分别为62.35%、71.43%。结论急性STEMI患者入院时血清sTWEAK增高对PCI术后院内心血管不良事件具有预测价值。     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白4对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后主要不良心血管事件的预测价值

目的 分析血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)对ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后主要不良心血管事件（MACE）的预测价值。方法 纳入2019年1月至2020年12月接受PCI的332例STEMI患者,另纳入80例非STEMI患者。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清RBP4水平。随访记录STEMI患者PCI后MACE的发生情况,其中79例发生MACE(MACE组),其余253例未发生MACE（非MACE组）。结果 MACE组STEMI患者血清RBP4水平高于非MACE组STEMI患者[（44.9±12.1）mg/L比（40.3±10.9）mg/L,t=3.202,P=0.002]。STEMI患者血清RBP4水平高于非STEMI患者[（43.0±10.3）mg/L比（19.7±8.1）mg/L,t=18.810,P <0.001]。受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线显示,血清RBP4水平诊断STEMI的曲线下面积为0.946(95%CI:0.925～0.966)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,血清RBP4水平与STEMI患者左心室舒张末期直径（LVEDD）...     

血清脂滴蛋白-5表达水平与STEMI老年患者冠状动脉病变及近远期疗效的关系

目的:探讨血清脂滴蛋白-5(perilipin-5)在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病变(STEMI)的预后价值。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年1月于我院治疗的120例STEMI老年患者作为研究对象,根据患者入院后次晨空腹血清perilipin-5检测水平中位值将STEMI老年患者分成低表达组(60例)和高表达组(60例)。比较2组患者冠状动脉病变情况、随访1年内病死率及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果:1年内死亡患者血清perilipin-5表达水平显著低于存活患者(P<0.001);与高表达组患者比较,低表达组患者的BMI、TG、TC表达水平偏高,HDL-C表达水平偏低,发病至入院时间更长,Killip心功能分级较高(P<0.05,P<0.001);Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示Killip心功能分级(OR=3.323,95%CI:1.370～8.060)、perilipin-5水平(OR=2.408,95%CI:1 376～4.880)、HDL-C水平(OR=2.773,95%CI:1.640～4.689)是影响STEMI老年患者预后的独立危险因素;2...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.