熔融法制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸

采用熔融法制备了对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸。分别用正交设计和多元回归分析的方法考察了影响药物释放的工艺因素和处方因素,通过改变制丸次数和处方中固体石蜡、单硬脂酸甘油酯、预胶化淀粉的用量等,可得到体外具较理想释药行为的对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸。     

Box Behnken响应面法优化氢氯噻嗪速释微丸的处方

目的：筛选以挤出滚圆法制备氢氯噻嗪速释微丸的处方。方法：采用Box Behnken响应面法优化设计及Design Expert软件,对挤出滚圆法制备氢氯噻嗪为模型药的处方优化区域确定及优化处方验证。结果：最优处方为每单位剂量含氢氯噻嗪30%,淀粉64.53%,L-HPC5.27%,SLS 0.2%,PVP K30水溶液浓度为4.15%（w/w）,微丸收率为90.2%,长径比为1.12,实测值与预测值相符。结论：用此处方,挤出滚圆法制备的氢氯噻嗪微丸表面光洁、圆整,溶出快、收率高。     

HPLC法测定复方氢氯噻嗪片中氢氯噻嗪的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定复方氢氯噻嗪片中氢氯噻嗪的含量。方法:采用DiamomilTM C18柱(250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),以0．01 mol·L-1磷酸二氩纳溶液(pH=3)-甲醇-乙腈(85:10:5)为流动相,流速为1．0 ml·min-1,检测波长为220 nm。结果:氢氯噻嗪在0．01-0．05μg范围内呈线性关系,r=0．999 9,平均回收率为98．1％,RSD为1．5％。结论:本方法简便,重复性好,可用于该药的质量控制。     

熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊的研究

目的研究熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊及其体外释药行为。方法采用KJZ-10型熔融高速搅拌制粒机制备含药微丸,以微丸体外释放度为指标,考察处方工艺因素对微丸体外释放度的影响,通过释放度曲线药动力学拟合确定微丸缓释机制。结果双氯芬酸钠微丸体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程Y=35.43t1/2-16.1523（r=0.9988）,释药机制主要是骨架溶蚀和扩散释放。结论该技术制备的双氯芬酸钠缓释微丸具有较好的释药性能及良好的缓释效果。     

熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊的研究

目的 研究熔融高速搅拌法制备双氯芬酸钠缓释胶囊及其体外释药行为。方法 采用KJZ-10型熔融高速搅拌制粒机制备含药微丸,以微丸体外释放度为指标,考察处方工艺因素对微丸体外释放度的影响,通过释放度曲线药动力学拟合确定微丸缓释机制。结果 双氯芬酸钠微丸体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程 Y=35.43t_1/2-16.152 3(r=0.998 8),释药机制主要是骨架溶蚀和扩散释放。结论 该技术制备的双氯芬酸钠缓释微丸具有较好的释药性能及良好的缓释效果。     

非洛地平缓释微丸的制备

目的制备非洛地平缓释微丸。方法采用离心造粒法,在离心造粒机内通过制备母核、制备含药微丸、包衣3步完成。结果释放度符合缓释要求,工艺重现性好。结论离心造粒法可用于制备非洛地平缓释微丸。     

UPLC法同时测定缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片中缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪的含量

目的:建立同时测定缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片中缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪含量的方法。方法:采用超高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Phenomenex C_(18),流动相为[0.1%磷酸溶液-乙腈(95∶5,V/V)]-[0.1%磷酸溶液-乙腈(5∶95,V/V)](梯度洗脱),流速为0.25 mL/min,检测波长为272 nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为1.5μL。结果:缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪检测质量浓度线性范围分别为8.1~324.2μg/mL(r=0.999 9)、1.2~50.1μg/mL(r=0.999 9);定量限分别为0.24、0.04 ng,检测限分别为0.06、0.01 ng;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<2.0%;加样回收率分别为97.69%~100.35%(RSD=1.03%,n=9)、98.27%~100.60%(RSD=0.83%,n=9)。结论:该方法操作简单、快速,结果准确,可用于缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片中缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪含量的同时测定。     

扑热息痛缓释微丸的制备

目的制备扑热息痛缓释微丸,并对其体外释药情况进行研究。方法采用挤出滚圆法制备扑热息痛素丸,在流化床内采用丙烯酸树脂水分散体对其包衣,制备扑热息痛缓释微丸。用释放度测定法考察影响药物释放的各种因素,对包衣微丸体外释药机理进行研究。结果包衣材料为丙烯酸树脂NE30D(Eudragit NE30D),质量分数增加6%时包衣微丸在pH 6.18的磷酸盐缓冲液中呈现良好的缓释效果,体外释药过程基本符合Higuchi方程:Y=31.213t1/2+0.425(r=0.993 2)。结论采用挤出滚圆法和丙烯酸树脂流化床包衣,成功地制备了扑热息痛缓释微丸,其体外释药缓慢、持续平稳。     

氢氯噻嗪分散片的制备及质量控制

目的:研究处方中各组分对氢氯噻嗪分散片的影响及其制备工艺。方法:以崩解时限为指标,采用正交设计试验,对氢氯噻嗪分散片处方进行筛选并考察了溶出度及稳定性。结果:按优化处方制备的氢氯噻嗪分散片,可在1 min内完全崩解,稳定性好。结论:氢氯噻嗪分散片其体外溶出度明显优于普通片。     

HPLC法测定复方葛根氢氯噻嗪片中氢氯噻嗪和葛根素的含量

建立HPLC法测定复方葛根氢氯噻嗪片中氢氯噻嗪和葛根素的含量.采用氰基柱,以甲醇-0.05mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调pH值至3.0)(7∶93)为流动相,流速1.0ml*min-1,检测波长为225nm,柱温25℃.两种成分的线性关系良好,平均回收率(n=9)分别为氢氯噻嗪101.0%(RSD=0.9%),葛根素99.5%(RSD=1.5%).本法简便、快速、准确.     

Optimization of melt pelletization in a high shear mixer

The effects of process conditions and binder content on the process yield and pellet characteristics of two formulations prepared by melt pelletization in a laboratory-type high shear mixer were investigated. The formulations were prepared using Gelucire^® 50/13 and Lutrol^® F68 as meltable binders. The factors under investigation were impeller speed, mixing time, mixer load, binder concentration, and their reciprocal interactions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in order to study the significance of above mentioned process variables on the useful yield. Twenty-seven experiments were required for the response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken experimental design (24 combinations with three replications of the centre point) for each formulation.The control over the process and the quality of the resulting pellets were found to depend on the rheological properties of the binders used. In the case of a low viscosity binder (Gelucire^® 50/13), the process was easily controllable whereas in the case of a high viscosity binder (Lutrol^® F68), the process was more difficult to control.The useful yield of the formulation in the case of the low viscosity binder was found to be mostly influenced by the concentration of the binder. On the other hand, different binder concentrations did not affect the useful yield of the formulation prepared by use of the high viscosity binder. In the latter case, mixing time was identified as the variable that mostly influenced the pelletization process.Finally response surface methodology was applied to find the optimum values of the process variables.     

Melt pelletization in a high shear mixer. V. Effects of apparatus variables

Effects of two different sets of impeller blades on melt pelletization of lactose with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3000 were investigated in an 8 litre high shear mixer. Results obtained in the 8 litre mixer were compared with previous results from a 50 litre high shear mixer of the same type. In the 8 litre mixer curved impeller blades were found to give rise to a high power input and smooth pellets of a spherical shape, whereas plane impeller blades caused a lower power input and irregular agglomerates. Agglomerate growth was found to be different in mixers of different scale. This difference was primarily ascribed to differences in movement of the mass, power input and product temperature.     

双嘧达莫缓释微丸的研制及其体外释放特性

目的：制备双嘧达莫pH非依赖型缓释微丸，使药物释放不受胃肠道pH值变化及个体差异的影响。方法：采用固体分散技术，将药物与联合载体（Eudragit L、EC和PEG 6000）的混和有机液喷包于微晶纤维素（MCC）空白丸芯上形成膜衣骨架型共沉淀物结构，以正交设计进行处方优化，考察不同pH条件下缓释微丸的释放特性。结果：缓释微丸的体外药物释放呈pH非依赖型释放特征，符合一级动力学方程。结论：具有溶解度pH依赖性的药物，以固体分散技术处理，通过不同性质载体的调节作用，可以制成pH非领带型的缓释制剂。     

醋氯芬酸缓释微丸在犬体内的药动学及相对生物利用度

目的:评价自制醋氯芬酸缓释微丸在犬体内的药动学和相对生物利用度。方法:3只犬分别单剂量服用自制醋氯芬酸缓释胶囊和市售醋氯芬酸普通胶囊,剂量均为200 mg。1周后两组交叉用药。采用HPLC法,以乙萘酚为内标测定犬给药后不同时间的血药浓度,用3P87软件估算药动学参数和相对生物利用度。结果:参比制剂和测试制剂的Tmax分别为(3．33±0．58)和(7．33±0．58)h,Cmax分别为(17．12±0．48)和(12．26±0．27)μg·mL-1, AUC0～24h分别为(96．26±21．70)和(133．22±24．50)μg·h·mL-1。统计分析显示,各主要药动学参数均有显著性差异。醋氯芬酸缓释微丸相对于普通胶囊的平均生物利用度为142．6％。结论:醋氯芬酸缓释微丸具有明显的缓释特征,其生物利用度优于醋氯芬酸普通胶囊。     

Design,in vitro release characterization and pharmacokinetics of novel controlled release pellets containing levodropropizine

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the in vitro release characteristics of levodropropizine (LDP) from novel dual-coated sustained release (SR) pellets, and evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a novel controlled release (CR) preparation composed of the dual-coated SR pellets and immediate release (IR) LDP pellets. The dual-coated SR pellets composed of a drug-loaded nonpareil core, a sub-coating layer (HPMC 6cps) and an SR-coating layer (Aquacoat® ECD, Eudragit® RS 30D or Kollicoat® SR 30D) were prepared by a bottom-spray fluidized bed-coating method. The drug release from the dual-coated SR pellets coated with Aquacoat® ECD followed a zero-order profile in water, and the drug release was not affected by the coating level of the sub-coating layer and stable under the accelerated storage condition (40?°C, 75% RH) for 6 months. The CR preparation showed significantly decreased values of maximum drug concentration (C_max) and elimination rate (K) than the reference product (LEVOTUS® SYR) but the similar bioavailability (F?=?95.43%). The novel CR preparation presents promising delivery of LDP with an immediate and sustained release manner, with similar clinical effect as the commercial IR product.     

巴洛沙星胃漂浮缓释片的制备及体外释放

以体外漂浮性能和释放度为指标优化巴洛沙星胃漂浮缓释片的处方。结果表明,每片用量HPMCK100M为120mg、碳酸氢钠为200mg和羧甲淀粉钠为100mg的片剂能在1min内起漂,持续漂浮时间达8．2h,8h累积释放率达90％。按优化处方制备的片荆在高温（60℃）、强光（4500h）下贮存10d,均保持稳定,高温（相对湿度75％）条件下有吸湿现象。     

磷酸卡维地洛缓释微丸的制备及其在比格犬体内的药动学

目的:评价自制磷酸卡维地洛缓释微丸在Beagle犬中的等效性。方法:〗流化床包衣法制备磷酸卡维地洛缓释微丸;试验采用两周期交叉试验设计,将6条Beagle犬,雌雄各半,分为两组,分服试验制剂磷酸卡维地洛或参比制剂磷酸卡维地洛;采用HPLC-FD法比较给药后原研和自研制剂在Beagle犬体内不同时间点的血药浓度。计算药动学参数并根据试验制剂和参比制剂AUC计算相对生物利用度。同时对主要药动学参数进行方差分析、双单侧t检验和[1-2α]置信区间分析,评价试验制剂和参比制剂的生物等效性。结果:磷酸卡维地洛在1~300 ng·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3),定量下限为1ng·mL^-1。提取回收率均高于50%,日内、日间RSD均小于12%,专属性良好,在本实验涉及的条件下样品稳定。磷酸卡维地洛缓释微丸试验制剂和参比制剂主要药动学参数t_1/2、t_max、C_max、AUC_0-t、AUC_0-∞无明显差异,与参比制剂相比较试验制剂相对生物利用度为(96.8±8.7)%。结论:自研制剂与原研制剂在Beagle犬体内生物等效。     

司他夫定缓释微丸胶囊的制备与体外释放度考察

目的:研制司他夫定缓释微丸胶囊。方法:采用溶液法以流化床包衣制备载药微丸,以Kollicoat SR30D为包衣液包覆缓释衣层,制成膜控缓释微丸,考察聚合物增重、后处理方法及致孔剂等因素对缓释微丸释放度的影响。结果:致孔剂可改善缓释微丸的时滞现象,药物释放速度随膜厚及后处理时间的增加而变慢。结论:司他夫定缓释微丸胶囊具有较好的释药性能,是一种较理想的口服缓释制剂。     

盐酸小檗碱结肠控释微丸的制备和体外释放测定

目的制备盐酸小檗碱结肠控释微丸,并初步研究其体外释放行为。方法采用挤出滚圆法制备盐酸小檗碱微丸,旋转包衣锅Eudragit S100包衣,UV法在不同释放条件下测定释放度。结果及结论盐酸小檗碱结肠控释微丸在体外实验中可满足结肠定位释放的要求,使用该方法制备盐酸小檗碱结肠控释微丸有效、可控。     

盐酸普萘洛尔延时脉冲微丸的制备与体外释放研究

目的:基于有机酸诱导原理制备盐酸普萘洛尔延时脉冲微丸,并研究其体外释药行为。方法:以低渗型丙烯酸树脂为包衣材料,采用空白丸心上药法制备含有机酸的载药微丸,考察处方因素对药物释放的影响,应用Box-Behnken效应面设计优化处方。通过有机酸与包衣膜相互作用试验探索其体外释药机制。结果:药物与琥珀酸分层的微丸具有较理想的脉冲释药特征,最优处方体外释药时滞约为4h,时滞后2h累积释放量90%以上,其体外释放曲线符合logistic模型。有机酸能够降低衣膜的玻璃化转变温度并促进其水化,从而提高包衣膜渗透性而加速释放。结论:所得微丸具有良好的体外脉冲释放效果。