3125例颈部非甲状腺肿物疾病多重分析及相关数学模型的建立

Objective:To systematically analyze and summarize non-thyrogenous masses of the neck(NTMN)by consid eration of new areas a large sample size and multiple-aspect analysis.Methods:Our research involved 3125 NTMN cases.We summarized the proportion of various NTMN and the distribution of the neck diseases based on the new international classification.The clinical traits such as sexual proportion and age,etc,were analyzed along with the unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinomas(UPCMC).and built up a mathematical model based on the data above.Results:There were 68 different diseases identified.Among all the NTMN.1he percentage of metastatic carcinomas was 63.3% The neck masses with a focus above the clavicle comprised 62.3% of the metastatic carcinomas whose focuses were clear.Moreover,other results almost supported the"rule of 80%".There was an obvious distribution of traits at every sub level.For example,there were 23 different diseases in level Ⅲ,of which the most common was lymphoma.UPCMC made up 12.3% of all metastatic carcinomas.The clinic cases could be analyzed by our model even to form a primary diagnosis which showed a high coincident rate with clinic diagnosis.Conclusion:NTMN are complex and various.with a definite distribution in each neck level.Data relating component character,sex ratio and UPCMC ef al to the clinical traits of NTMN will provide vigorous support for clinical applications.The mathematical model could be an efficient method to synthetically analyze complicate data of NTMN.     

不明原发灶颈部转移癌治疗失败原因和对策

目的分析不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)的治疗方法和治疗失败原因,探讨其治疗策略。方法回顾性研究1978年1月-1997年12月收治的符合诊断标准的UPCMC 111例的临床资料、治疗和转归,比较和分析不同治疗组的颈部控制率、原发灶治疗失败率及远期生存率。结果全组原发灶出现率10.8%(12/111),颈部控制率为36.9%,总的5年生存率为41.4%;影响预后的因素为颈部控制情况、N 分期、原发灶控制情况,颈部控制率的影响因素为N分期和是否全颈放疗。结论UPCMC的颈部治疗应以放疗为主,部分放射不敏感病理类型的N1、N2病例可采取放疗和手术的综合治疗;颈部放疗以全颈放疗为佳;对潜在原发灶的治疗推荐采取选择性放疗的策略。     

不明原发灶颈部转移癌治疗失败原因和对策(英文)

目的分析不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)的治疗方法和治疗失败原因,探讨其治疗策略。方法回顾性研究1978年1月～1997年12月收治的符合诊断标准的 UPCMC 111例的临床资料、治疗和转归,比较和分析不同治疗组的颈部控制率、原发灶治疗失败率及远期生存率。结果全组原发灶出现率10.8%(12/111),颈部控制率为36.9%,总的5年生存率为41.4%;影响预后的因素为颈部控制情况、N分期、原发灶控制情况,颈部控制率的影响因素为 N 分期和是否全颈放疗。结论 UPCMC 的颈部治疗应以放疗为主,部分放射不敏感病理类型的 N1、N2病例可采取放疗和手术的综合治疗;颈部放疗以全颈放疗为佳;对潜在原发灶的治疗推荐采取选择性放疗的策略。     

彩超对颈部淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对颈部淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法对207例患者经病理检查证实816枚颈部淋巴结的彩色多普勒超声结果进行分析。结果207例中43例为反应增生型淋巴结,3例为结核性淋巴结,89例为转移性淋巴结,72例为淋巴瘤患者,淋巴结声像图的表现各有不同,彩色多普勒血流信号的分布及阻力指数均不同。结论彩色多普勒超声对颈部淋巴结良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有一定的临床价值。     

高频超声下不同类型颈部肿大淋巴结分区规律研究

目的 探讨高频超声下转移性淋巴结及其他常见颈部淋巴结疾病在颈淋巴结解剖分区中的分布规律。方法 回顾性分析2016年9月—2017年9月共547例颈部肿大淋巴结资料,根据病理结果分为非特异性淋巴结炎、淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤、转移性淋巴结四类,记录淋巴结常规超声参数及其在颈部淋巴结解剖分区中的分布。结果 不同颈部淋巴结疾病在颈部淋巴结解剖分区中的分布状态不同。头颈部肿瘤的颈部淋巴结转移多分布于Ⅱ(62.00%)、Ⅲ(54.00%)及Ⅳ区(53.00%),锁骨下原发肿瘤的颈部淋巴结转移主要分布于Ⅴ(72.56%)、Ⅳ区(34.15%)。对特定肿瘤而言,还存在淋巴结转移的高危区域。结论 超声检查可显示淋巴结疾病在颈部解剖分区中的分布情况。术前明确淋巴结疾病在解剖分区中的分布规律,可为临床的诊疗、手术术式及清扫范围提供更精确的依据。     

不明原发灶颈部转移癌治疗失败原因和对策

目的:分析不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)的治疗方法和失败原因,探讨其治疗策略.方法:探讨111例UPCMC的临床资料、治疗和转归,比较和分析不同治疗组的颈部控制率、原发灶治疗失败率及远期生存率.结果:全组原发灶出现率为10.8%(12/111),颈部控制率为36.9%,5年生存率为41.4%;影响预后的因素为颈部控制情况、N分期、原发灶控制情况;颈部控制率的影响因素为N分期与是否全颈放疗.结论:UPCMC应以放疗为主,部分放疗不敏感的N1、N2病例可采取放疗加手术的综合治疗;颈部以全颈放疗为佳;对潜在原发灶的治疗推荐采取选择性放疗.     

Head and neck masses in children: A clinicopathological study

Fifty children with head and neck masses were evaluated clinically and pathologically. Inflammatory swellings constituted the majority (54%). Congenital - developmental malformations were the next common lesions (30%) and neoplastic masses constituted the rest (16%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was found to be the single most common etiology (28%). Among congenital-developmental malformations, cystic hygroma was the most frequent lesion. The incidence of branchial cleft abnormalities was found to be low and no thyroglossal duct cyst was observed in this series. Among the neoplastic masses malignant lesions were more common than benign tumours and lymphoma was the most common head and neck malignancy observed.     

Palliative chemotherapy for non-transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelial tract

Non-transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelial tract comprise 5–10% of urothelial cancers. Clinical information regarding the clinical behavior and chemotherapy outcome of non-transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelial tract are incomplete due to their rarity. The object of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy in advanced non-transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelial tract. We analyzed the clinical records of 21 consecutive patients who received palliative chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic non-transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelial tract between January 1995 and November 2007. All the 21 patients received first-line chemotherapy with platinum-based regimens which are known to be effective in transitional cell urothelial carcinomas. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range, 27–71 years). The primary sites of involvement were the bladder, urethra, urachus, and ureter in 43%, 29%, 19%, and 10% of the patients, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type (67%); squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma comprised 24 and 10% of the histologic types, respectively. With a median duration of follow-up of 32 months (range, 12–71 months), the median overall survival for all 21 patients from the day of first-line chemotherapy was 13 months (95% CI, 6.8–19.2). The expected 1-year survival rate was 50.6% (95% CI, 28.6–72.5). Univariate analysis showed a better median overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma, compared to non-adenocarcinomas (47 vs. 10 months, P = 0.049). The median overall survival of patients who received platinum-based palliative chemotherapy for advanced non-transitional cell carcinomas was comparable to previous studies for patients with transitional cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinomas appear to have a favorable prognosis for the survival of the patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-transitional cell carcinomas.     

Spectrum of cytological findings in patients with neck lymphadenopathy--experience in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Introduction: Lymph adenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying diseases may range froma treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms. In fact it is also essential to establish that the swellingin question is a lymph node. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in solving these issues,nowadays being recognized as a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, earlyavailability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion. FNAC is particularly helpful in the work-up of cervicalmasses and nodules because biopsy of cervical adenopathy should be avoided unless all other diagnostic modalitieshave failed to establish a diagnosis. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and cytomorphological patternsof enlarged neck nodes. Study Design: This retrospective observational study was performed at the Section ofHistopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: ThreeHundred and seventy seven (377) neck swelling specimens obtained over a period of two and a half yearsregistered from different regions of Pakistan were selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17. Results: Of atotal of 377 cases of FNAC performed on neck nodes, the most frequent cause of lymphadenopathy was foundto be tuberculosis with 199 cases (52.7%), followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with 61 cases (16.1%).Metastatic carcinoma was found to be the third most common cause with 33 cases (8.7%). A diagnosis oflymphoproliferative disorder was rendered in 21 cases (5.5%). Acute and chronic non-specific inflammation wasseen in 16 cases (4.2%). In 47 cases (12%) FNAC was inconclusive. Conclusion: In our study, the predominantcause of enlarged neck nodes was tuberculous lymphadenitis, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and malignantneoplasm, especially metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma. FNAC was helpful in establishing the diagnosis inapproximately 98% of the cases.     

Clinico-Pathological Correlates of Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Hospital Based Study

Neck is the most common site of peripheral lymph node enlargement and is very frequently encountered in oto-laryngological practice. This study was done to delineate distribution of clinico-demographic parameters in patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy in the otolaryngology out-patient department of a state hospital in India in a 1 year period and to correlate them with fine needle aspiration cytological diagnosis. Record-based cross sectional study in the department of Otolaryngology and department of Pathology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Case reports and cytological reports of 423 patients who underwent Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of cervical lymph nodes between January 2009 and December 2009 were reviewed in relation to their demographic and clinical profiles. The cases were divided into three groups according to age and different parameters were described according to these groups. In the cyto-pathological diagnosis, tubercular lymph-adenitis was most prevalent diagnosis (45.4%). Among the metastatic secondaries, squamous cell carcinoma was most common (8.5%). Non-specific/reactive lymphadenitis was significantly more common in <14 years, TB lymph node in 15–59 years and malignancy among the ≥60 years age group. Jugulo-omohyoid (level III) and Supraclavicular (level VB) groups of Lymph nodes were found significantly more involved by malignancy whereas Jugulo-diagastric (level II), Post-auricular, Submandibular groups (level IB) were more commonly involved in TB. Malignancy patients presented late in respect to the tuberculosis patients. Knowledge about clinico-demographic perspectives of cervical lymphadenopathy in respect to their cytopathological diagnosis will help care giver practioners to detect/refer the respective cases early for investigations and treatment.     

肿瘤相关物质群检测对颈部肿块鉴别诊断的价值

背景与目的:文献报道,血清的肿瘤相关物质群(tumorsuppliedgroupoffactors,TSGF)对多种良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断有一定的参考价值。但未见涉及颈部肿块鉴别诊断的报道。本文专门探讨血清TSGF对于颈部肿块鉴别诊断的意义。方法:以免疫组化法检测128例颈部肿块患者的血清TSGF,并以47例非肿瘤患者作为对照。结果:不同的恶性肿瘤组(包括鼻咽癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤和原发部位不明的颈部转移癌)的血清TSGF水平和阳性率均高于良性肿块组(包括颈部淋巴结炎或反应性增生及不伴全身活动性结核的颈部淋巴结结核),差异有非常显著性(均P<0.01);而在2种良性肿块之间,颈良性肿块与非肿瘤患者之间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。血清TSGF阳性对于颈部恶性肿块的鉴别诊断参数为:敏感性78.16%,特异性75.61%,有效率77.34%,阳性预测值犤PV(+)犦87.18%,阴性预测值犤PV(-)犦62.00%。结论:血清TSGF检测对于鉴别颈部肿块的良、恶性有一定的参考价值。     

Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in patients with well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma

Seventy-six cases of well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (WDLL) were reviewed for evidence of additional malignancies. Of these, 18 patients (24%) had one to three further tumors; one half (nine) had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The head and neck area was the primary site in all but one case of SCC. The carcinomas were frequently multiple, recurrent, and clinically aggressive. The tumors showed unusually poor differentiation histologically. Actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinomas were frequently associated with SCC. Fifty percent metastasized to cervical lymph nodes replaced by WDLL. Lymphadenopathy due to metastatic SCC may be mistaken for malignant lymphoma alone. In two of five patients (40%), death was directly attributable to SCC. As in renal transplant recipients, SCC of the head and neck in WDLL patients is a common cause of significant complications and mortality requiring aggressive management. Immunosuppression due to WDLL and/or to chemotherapy is likely an important predisposing factor in combination with sun exposure.     

Synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary： review of 43 cases

Objective:To investigate the clinicsl and pathological characteristics.treatment methods,and prognosis of synchronous primary cancer of the endometrium and ovary.Methods:The clinical data of 43 patients with synchronous primary cancer of endometrium and ovary were retrospectively reviewed.The survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.Results:The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 49 years(range.28-73 years).The most common symptoms were abnormal vaginal bleeding(69.8%)and abdominal or pelvic pain(44.2%).Pelvic masses were found in 39.5%of the patients and enlarged corpus in 27.9%at physic examination.while pelvic masses were found in 67.4%of the 43 patients(29 cases)and thickening or abnormal endometrium in 23.3%(10 cases)during ultrasound exami-nation.Of 25 patients examined by CT/MRI.pelvic masses were found in 13 cases and enlarged uterus in 11 cases.All 15 patients who underwent endometriaI biopsies were proven to have endometrioid carcinomas.Serum CA125 level was found to be elevated in 22 of the 34 examined cases(64.7%)with median value 500 U/mL(range,39-3439 U/mL).FIGO stages of endometrial carcinomas:ⅠA 18 cases,ⅠB 20 cases.ⅠC 2 cases,and ⅡA 3 cases;Stages of ovarian cardnomas:ⅠA 19 case,ⅠB 4 cases,ⅠC 7 cases.Ⅱ 4 cases,and ⅢC 9cases.Twenty-four patients(55.8%)were in stage Ⅰ both endometrial and ovar-ian carcinomas.Thirty-one patients underwent total hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy and appendectomy,meanwhile,12 patients had pelvic lymph nedes dissection.Thirty-eight of the 43 patients(88.4%)had a pathologically proven endometrial adenocarcinomas.The predominant ovarian histologies were endometrioid or mixed tumors with endometrioid components(30/43,69.8%).Postoperatively,26 patients(60.5%)received adjuvant chemotherapy alone.12 had chemotherapy plus radiotherapy,only one patients had radiation alone and the remaining 4 cases received no adiuvant treatment.The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of the group were 87.4%and 71.1%respectively.The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients with endometriold carcinoma at both endometrial and ovarian were higher than that of those with non-endometriold or mixed histologic subtypes(93.8%,82% vs 79.7%.69%).The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients with earty stages disease were better than those of other patients(93.3%,93.3% vs 69.7%,36.7%).Recurrence developed in 15 patients(34.9%).It was showed by univariate analysis that lower CA125 level,early FIGO stage,and adjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy significantly and positively affected the 5-year survival rate.while only eady FIGO stage and chemotherapy plus radiotherapy were revealed by multivariate analysis as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion:Syn- chronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary were different from either the primary endometrial or ovarian cancer,while usually it can be detected in early stage with a good prognosis.The impact of the CA125 level on prognosis needs to be further studied.Surgery treatment alone may be enough for early stage patients.Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy may benecessary for advanced patients.     

Sonographic Evaluation of Chest Masses in Children

The sonographic appearances of 12 intrathoracic masses in children are presented. Seven out of 12 masses were malignant and presented with opaque hemithorax on chest X-ray. Different types of masses encountered were: Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, metastatic Ewing's sarcoma, Teratocarcinoma, Pseudotumor of the lung, Neuroenteric duplication cyst, Bronchogenic cyst and tubercular mediastinal lymph nodes.     

Human papillomavirus as prognostic marker with rising prevalence in neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary: A retrospective multicentre study

Patients with neck squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary tumour (NSCCUP) present with lymph node metastasis without evidence for a primary tumour. Most patients undergo an aggressive multimodal treatment, which induces severe, potentially unnecessary toxicity. Primary tumours of NSCCUP can be hidden in the oropharynx. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally involved in a subgroup of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) associated with early lymph node metastasis and good prognosis. Detection of markers for HPV transformation in NSCCUP could allow focussing on the oropharynx in primary tumour search and could be of value for choice and extent of treatment.In a retrospective multicentre study (Germany, Italy and Spain), we analysed metastatic lymph nodes from 180 NSCCUP patients for the presence of HPV DNA, HPV E6*I mRNA and cellular p16^INK4a overexpression, a surrogate marker for HPV-induced transformation. HPV status, defined as positivity for viral mRNA with at least one additional marker, was correlated with clinical parameters and survival outcome.A substantial proportion (16%) of NSCCUP were HPV-driven, mainly by HPV16 (89%). HPV prevalence increased with year of diagnosis from 9% during 1998–2004 to 23% during 2005–2014 (p = 0.007). HPV-driven NSCCUP had significantly better overall and progression-free survival rates (p ≤ 0.008).Based on this survival benefit, it is contended that HPV RNA status should be included in NSCCUP diagnosis and in therapeutic decision-making. Deintensification of radiation in patients with HPV-driven NSCCUP, while concurrently concentrating on the oropharynx appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy, the efficacy of which should be assessed in prospective trials. To our knowledge, this is the largest study on HPV in NSCCUP.     

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in Chinese patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

The aim of our study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in Chinese Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients. It is known that clinical characteristics and epidemiology of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in China are different from Western countries. In total, 137 consecutive, previously untreated patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were enrolled. Among these patients, 92 were male and 45 were female, with a median age of 28 (range: 2–76) years. The bimodal age curve of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma analyzed from our patients was not obvious as the Western population, showing an early peak in 25 years and a second peak in 45 years. Most of the patients (41.6%) were classified as nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Results showed that the 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, and disease-free survival rates were 97.7, 85.0, and 94.0%, respectively. Lymphopenia at diagnosis was related to poorer overall survival (P = 0.015) and event-free survival (P < 0.001) in all-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphopenia as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor influenced event-free survival (P = 0.015). The international prognostic score ≥ 5 was also the only independent prognostic factor of disease-free survival in advanced-stage patients (P = 0.046). Our findings demonstrated that some clinical characteristics of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in China were different from those in the Western countries. Lymphopenia was an effective prognostic predictor in both early stage and advanced stage.     

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, metastatic to axillary lymph nodes harboring primary tuberculous lymphadenitis

A 46-year-old female presented with lump in the left breast. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from breast and axillary lymph node revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma with metastasis in axillary node. The patient underwent radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination showed concomitant presence of metastatic tumor deposits and tubercular lymphadenitis in 8/18 nodes. The case is presented for its rarity and illustrates that FNAC can fail to detect mixed lesions unless multiple punctures from many sites are performed.(Pathology Oncology Research Vol 12, No 3, 188–189)     

不明原发灶颈部转移癌的诊断

虽然理论上所有的颈部转移癌都有原发灶的存在,但临床上并非所有的颈部转移癌都可以找到原发灶,原发灶的检出与否直接影响患者的生存率和生活质量。近年来,随着诊断仪器的开发、诊断技术的提高和诊断方法的改进,越来越多的不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)被检测出原发灶。本文重点对UPCMC的定义、传统和新近发展的诊断方法进行综述。     

The contralateral synchronous breast carcinoma: a comparison of histology,localization, and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics with the primary index cancer

Women with unilateral breast carcinoma reveal an increased risk of suffering from malignancies in the contralateral breast. There is a controversy about the existence of bilateral phenotypic similarities. The aim of this investigation was to compare histologic findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, and tumor localizations of synchronous bilateral carcinomas. MRI revealed in 42 of 875 women (4.8%) with primary index carcinomas a contralateral malignancy. Twenty-two of the 42 contralateral carcinomas could only be detected by MRI, not by clinical examination, X-ray mammography, or ultrasonography. In 875 patients, MRI therefore identified 22 (2.5%) otherwise occult contralateral cancers. To evaluate bilateral MRI similarities, multiple dynamic and morphologic parameters were evaluated. Of 42 bilateral cancer pairs, histologic tumor type was identical in 54.8% (correlation analysis, P < 0.05). Estrogen receptor status was simultaneously positive or negative in 86.2% (P < 0.01), progesterone receptor status in 79.3% (P < 0.05), expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in 76.2% (P < 0.05). In 75.8%, initial signal increase, and in 63.6%, postinitial curve types were bilaterally congruent on MRI (P < 0.05). Detected masses showed bilaterally similar T2-signal intensity in 81.8% (P < 0.001). Similar shape and margin of tumor masses and occurrence of non-mass-like enhancement were also frequently observed in both breasts (P < 0.05). The main tumor quadrant was the same in 61.9%, the main localization (retromamillar, central, or dorsal) in 66.7% (P < 0.01). Contralateral carcinomas frequently present similar histologic findings, tumor localizations and MRI characteristics reflecting analogies of tumor neoangiogenesis, histopathologic components, and infiltration in the surrounding stroma. Bilateral synchronous carcinomas may represent on each site distinct, but similar biologic entities, due to analogous influences of tumor developments.     

Cutaneous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck with Clinical Features of Perineural Infiltration Treated with Radiotherapy

AimsTo review the outcome of patients with non-melanomatous carcinoma of the skin of the head and neck with perineural infiltration (PNI) with clinical features treated with radiotherapy.Materials and methodsBetween 1991 and 2004, 56 patients with non-melanomatous skin carcinoma with PNI with clinical features were identified from the institution's oncology database. All patients had radiotherapy as either definitive or adjuvant treatment. The factors that affected outcome were analysed. The primary end point was the 5 year relapse-free survival (RFS) from the time of diagnosis of PNI.ResultsThe overall 5 year RFS for the whole group was 48%. Squamous histology had a more unfavourable outcome than basal cell histology (5 year RFS: 39% versus 80%; P = 0.07). Tumours located in the distribution of the cranial nerves V1 and V2 had a worse outcome than tumours at other sites (5 year RFS: 33% versus 72%, P = 0.056). Those with multiple cranial nerve involvement did worse than those with single nerve involvement (27% versus 62%, P = 0.1). The pattern of relapse was predominantly local (87%), with a low rate (15%) of successful salvage.ConclusionRadiotherapy with or without surgery is curative in about half head and neck cutaneous non-melanomatous carcinomas with clinical PNI. The frequent local failure suggests that improvements in local treatment are required.