New additional operation for the prevention of the gastric stasis after selective gastric vagotomy with antrectomy

In order to prevent postoperative gastric stasis, we devised and tested the following improvements in the selective gastric vagotomy with antrectomy. (1) The gastroduodenostomy was made so as to have an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the remnant stomach, and (2) the downward traction being exerted on the remnant stomach by the transverse colon was eliminated by dissecting the greater omentum, and then (3) the posterior wall of the corpus on the lesser curvature side was fixed to the stump of the hepatogastric ligament, and the posterior wall of the corpus on the greater curvature side was fixed to the retroperitoneum inferior to the pancreas. By these procedures, the corpus was maintained in a position superior to the anastomosis. These operative procedures resulted in preventing the gastric stasis after the start of oral feeding. The two patients on whom this operation was performed have been followed up for 3 to 4 months since the operation, and neither of them has had any complaint of gastric stasis, such as anorexia or a feeling of heaviness of the stomach.     

胃壁厚度在超声筛查胃部病变中的价值

目的探讨口服造影剂胃超声检查在胃部病变筛查中的应用价值。 方法纳入2015年1月至2018年12月于中山大学附属第八医院体检行胃超声检查同时取得胃镜检查结果者3573例。超声观察胃腔、胃壁及胃周结构,并测量胃壁厚度。分析胃超声检查与胃镜诊断结果,绘制胃壁厚度评估胃病变的ROC曲线,并计算ROC曲线下面积、最佳截断值及诊断敏感度和特异度。采用线性加权Kappa检验对胃壁厚度评估胃部病变的结果与胃镜检查结果进行一致性分析。 结果所有纳入对象经术后病理证实胃癌20例。胃超声检查筛查出18例胃癌,均经手术病理证实为胃腺癌。超声检查漏诊2例,误诊2例。胃镜漏诊1例。以手术病理、胃镜活检病理结果及胃镜结合临床随访结果为诊断标准,绘制胃壁厚度评估正常胃壁与病变胃壁的ROC曲线。ROC曲线下面积为0.946（95%CI：0.930~0.962）,最佳截断值为5.5 mm,其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为97.5%和98.3%。绘制胃壁厚度评估肿块胃壁与非肿块胃壁的ROC曲线。ROC曲线下面积为0.829（95% CI：0.758~0.900）,最佳截断值为9.5 mm,其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为79.7%和75.9%。基于ROC曲线阈值分析结果,以胃壁厚度为依据诊断不同病变,胃壁厚度＜6 mm判定为正常或非糜烂性胃炎,6 mm≤胃壁厚度≤9 mm判定为糜烂性胃炎,胃壁厚度＞9 mm判定为肿块。对胃壁厚度评估结果与胃镜检查结果进行一致性分析,Kappa值为0.792（P＜0.001）。 结论胃壁厚度评估胃部病变与胃镜诊断结果一致性较好,胃超声检查作为一种简便、快捷的胃疾病筛查手段,对于胃癌的筛查及其他胃部疾病的初筛及随诊具有重要意义。     

腹腔镜胃良性肿瘤手术28例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜在胃良性肿瘤手术中的应用。方法 对28例胃良性肿瘤在腹腔镜下实施手术。其中胃平滑肌瘤23例、神经纤维瘤3例、脂肪瘤2例。根据肿瘤直径和部位，分别行胃楔形切除（17例）和胃大部切除术（11例）。结果 28例手术均获成功。26例手术在完全腹腔镜下完成，2例行手助腹腔镜手术，手术平均140min（60-310min），平均出血量160mL（80-400mL），无吻合口瘘、术后大出血等并发症发生。术中均送快速冰冻明确病变为良性，且得到常规病理证实。结论 腹腔镜手术对治疗胃良性肿瘤是可行的，在不断积累经验的基础上，腹腔镜胃手术必将得到更快的发展。     

Endosonography in gastric lymphoma and large gastric folds.

To establish a correct preoperative differential diagnosis between gastric lymphoma and cancer is essential but can be difficult as endoscopic biopsies can sometimes provide a low diagnostic yield. By EUS, infiltrative carcinoma tends to show a vertical growth in the gastric wall, while lymphoma tends to show mainly a horizontal extension. EUS provides an accurate staging of gastric lymphoma, showing the exact level of infiltration and the presence of perigastric lymph nodes, thus the physician can obtain an accurate prognosis for each patient and select the best form of treatment accordingly. The response to chemoradiotherapy can also be investigated very accurately by EUS. Large gastric folds are seen in a great number of benign and malignant conditions. Diagnosis represents a clinical challenge because etiology may be extremely varied and standard biopsies are often inconclusive. Different diseases show different levels of infiltration of the gastric wall, thus a characteristic echo-pattern helps for the differential diagnosis. Endosonography, used always in combination with biopsy, allows to rule out malignancies and to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient (medical or surgical).     

Selective peripheral denervation for torticollis: preliminary results

Herein we report the preliminary results in nine patients who have undergone selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis and have been followed up for at least 13 months. All patients had improvement immediately after surgical intervention, and the results have been maintained in five patients. In one patient who had recurrent torticollis, a second procedure in conjunction with injection of botulinum toxin has produced substantial improvement; however, follow-up was brief (6 months). No surgical complications occurred. We believe that selective peripheral denervation is safe and that it can benefit patients with torticollis who have not responded to other types of therapy. These favorable results confirm other published reports on the efficacy of selective peripheral denervation. Long-term follow-up, however, is necessary for determining the role of this procedure in the management of torticollis.     

超声在胃癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 初步探讨超声在胃癌诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析120例经手术病理证实的胃癌患者的术前声像图,并与病理结果进行对照分析.结果 120例患者中,进展期胃癌114例,误诊6例,均为早期胃癌误诊为胃溃疡,超声诊断符合率为95%.结论 超声对进展期胃癌具有较高的术前诊断率,对该病治疗方案和手术切除范围的选择具有一定临床指导意义     

Isolated gastric varices: Ultrasound detection

Isolated gastric varices (IGV) (resulting from varying etiologies) were diagnosed in six patients using ultrasound examination of the wall of the fluid-filled stomach. Small gastric varices are seen as circular or linear anechoic channels within the gastric wall without a significant intraluminal projection. Large varices are seen as anechoic, lobulated bulging masses projecting into the fluid-filled lumen of the stomach. Doppler technique assists in confirming the vascular nature of these lesions and thus avoids confusion with other hypoanechoic lesions of the gastric wall. The technique is simple, noninvasive, and extremely useful in diagnosing IGV in patients investigated for recurrent undiagnosed gastrointestinal bleeding.     

The Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System for gastric surgery in Japan

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery has been increasing in popularity in recent years. In 2004, the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery developed its Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) to assess surgeons. Methods: To earn the ESSQS accreditation, applicants must submit an unedited operative video in which they perform either a distal gastrectomy or pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. The videos are assessed by two separate judges based on detailed criteria for common and procedure‐specific technical‐grade slips. Common criteria from all fields of gastrointestinal and general surgery are used to evaluate the basic laparoscopic surgical skills and autonomy of the operator. The target organ determines the procedure‐specific criteria are set to assess whether or not adequate oncological clearance has been achieved. Results: Between 2004 and 2009, 154 (44.6%) out of 345 applicant surgeons assessed under the ESSQS for gastric surgery have been accredited. Interrater agreement was acceptable and ranged between 0.21 and 0.59. Conclusion: The ESSQS system may facilitate improvement in surgical technique and the standardization of laparoscopic surgery in Japan.     

残胃食管癌再手术治疗

目的探讨胃大部切除术后食管癌,残胃贲门癌的手术方式及效果。方法回顾分析手术治疗38例胃大部切除术后食管癌及残胃贲门癌的临床资料。结果全组无手术死亡,除2例切口感染外,余均一期痊愈出院。术后生存1年以上28例(73.7%),3年以上16例(42.1%),5年以上10例(26.3%)。结论胃大部切除术后食管癌、残胃贲门癌的手术治疗需根据病变部位选择手术方式:中上段食管癌宜用结肠代食管,残胃癌、残胃贲门宜用空肠代食管。     

胃癌的螺旋CT诊断价值探讨

目的探讨胃癌的CT典型征象及在临床诊治中的价值。方法回顾分析35例经手术证实的胃癌患者的螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描表现。结果胃癌CT表现为病变区胃壁增厚、软组织块影，胃癌病灶累及周围组织和器官时，表现为病灶与周围组织器官之间脂肪层消失。结论CT可作为胃癌诊断方法，有明显的优势，能为临床及手术提供可靠参考。     

残胃代食管治疗食管中下段及远端胃同时性重复癌的初步报告

目的为了简化操作和减少围术期并发症,该研究利用残胃重建消化道,探讨食管中段、远端胃同时性重复癌的外科治疗方法及效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月~2011年5月手术治疗的6例食管中下段、远端胃同时性重复癌的临床资料。结果全组均同期行远端胃及食管次全切除术,其中保留胃短血管、残胃翻转倒置逆行与食管及空肠吻合重建消化道(以下简称残胃倒置重建消化道术)3例,保留胃网膜右血管弓、残胃顺行与食管及空肠吻合重建消化道(以下简称顺行残胃重建消化道术)3例。全组无围术期死亡。术后肋软骨炎1例,扩创治愈,腹腔感染1例,经保守治疗后痊愈。6例均获得随访,2例生存超过4年,1、3年生存率分别100%、50%。结论同期远端胃及食管次全切除、保留胃短血管残胃翻转倒置或保留胃网膜右血管弓、顺行残胃食管吻合重建消化道是食管、胃重复癌安全有效的外科治疗方法。只要指征选择得当,手术会给患者带来生存的收益。     

60例胃癌的MDCT诊断研究

目的：探讨胃癌的CT诊断征象及其临床诊治价值。方法收集60例经胃镜、病理活检证实的胃癌患者CT资料,其中54例手术。胃对比剂用1.5%泛影葡胺或水。42例检查前10 min肌内注射山莨菪碱10-20 mg。60例行CT平扫,其中24例经肘静脉团注注入60%泛影葡胺80 mL增强。结果胃癌CT表现为病变区胃壁增厚,软组织肿块影,合并溃疡时表现为增厚胃壁及肿块内的腔内龛影。CT可同时发现胃癌的邻近侵犯及远处转移。结论CT可作为胃癌诊断方法之一,并有其独特的优势。胃癌CT检查的现阶段目的为疗前评估,指导临床制订合理的治疗方案。     

Endoscopic ultrasonography

Areas of application for endosonography can be roughly divided into three categories: standard diagnostic examination; operative diagnostic examination (fine-needle aspiration); and operative therapeutic procedures. Nevertheless, endoscopic ultrasonography remains a single technique, in which the physician can not only raise a suspicion of a particular disease, but can also obtain cytological confirmation when needed and carry out a therapeutic procedure when indicated. Widely accepted indications for endosonography are the staging of esophageal and rectal cancer, and the visualization of submucosal lesions and gastric wall diseases; other indications, such as imaging of the pancreas and biliary tree, are still being discussed.     

腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的临床疗效。方法选取2010年6月至2011年6月收治的胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者90例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组各45例,观察组采用腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术进行治疗,对照组采用传统开腹手术进行治疗。记录两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间及住院时间,观察比较溃疡愈合率、远期并发症发生率及随访1年的溃疡复发率。结果观察组患者手术时间、术后下床活动时间及住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量亦较对照组少,两组各指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组溃疡愈合率为96%,高于对照组的91%,但两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组远期并发症发生率为7%,显著低于对照组的27%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者均随访1年,观察组溃疡复发率为2%,低于对照组的11%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术具有较好的临床疗效,手术创伤小、时间短,术中出血量少,患者恢复快、住院时间短,术后并发症发生率低,且随访复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

Preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer: value of spiral CT during gastric arteriography (CTGA)

Background: To evaluate the utility of dual-phase spiral computed tomography during gastric arteriography (CTGA) in the preoperative staging of gastric cancers. Methods: We performed CTGA in 21 patients with pathologically proven gastric cancers. CTGA findings were prospectively analyzed and correlated with surgical and pathologic findings. Dual-phase scans were performed at 10 s (early) and 60–100 s (delayed) after injection of 120 mL of contrast medium at an injection rate of 6 mL/s through a preset 5-Fr catheter positioned in the celiac trunk. Spiral CT scans were assessed for enhancing pattern of the normal gastric wall, tumor detectability, and accuracy of tumor staging. Results: Normal gastric mucosa was clearly visible as two or three layers in all patients on early-phase scans and in eight patients on delayed-phase scans. The primary tumors were correctly detected with CTGA in seven (88%) of the eight early gastric cancers and in all 13 (100%) advanced gastric cancers. The accuracy of CTGA for T staging was 50% and 77% in early and advanced gastric cancers, respectively. The overall accuracy for tumor detection and T staging was 95% and 67%, respectively. The accuracy of CTGA for the degree of serosal invasion and regional lymph node metastasis was 77% and 76%, respectively. Conclusion: The CTGA technique improved tumor detection rate and accuracy of tumor staging, especially in early gastric cancer, and may be very useful in the preoperative staging of gastric cancer. Received: 31 August 2000/Accepted: 20 September 2000     

尼龙绳联合钛夹荷包缝合在内镜胃壁全层切除术中的应用

目的探讨尼龙绳联合钛夹荷包缝合在内镜下行胃壁全层切除术(EFTR)中的应用价值。方法回顾分析该院15例胃黏膜下固有肌层肿瘤的住院患者采用尼龙绳联合金属钛夹行荷包缝合修补"主动穿孔"的方法行EFTR术的临床资料。结果 15例患者均经内镜手术将肿瘤完整切除,采用尼龙绳联合金属钛夹行荷包缝合修补EFTR术后的"主动穿孔",15例患者均成功修补。平均所用钛夹(5.0±1.0)枚。随访6个月,手术创面愈合,未见肿瘤复发。结论应用尼龙绳联合钛夹荷包缝合行EFTR术是安全、微创及快速康复的一种治疗方法。     

Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer

The sentinel node (SN) concept has revolutionized how the surgical staging of both melanoma and breast cancer are approached. Applying this concept can yield benefits for the patient by avoiding various complications relating to unnecessary prophylactic regional lymph node dissection in cases with negative SN for cancer metastasis. Clinical application of SN mapping for early gastric cancer had been controversial for years. However, single institutional results of laparoscopic SN mapping for early gastric cancer are considered acceptable in terms of detection rate and accuracy in determining lymph node status. For early stage gastric cancer such as cT1N0M0 – in which a better prognosis was generally achieved through conventional surgical approaches – an individualized, minimally invasive surgery that might retain the patient's quality of life should be established as the next surgical challenge. Although there are many issues still to resolve, laparoscopic minimized gastrectomy with SN navigation surgery or combined endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection has the potential to achieve this goal.     

Proximal gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcer disease

Proximal gastric vagotomy is a useful operation for duodenal ulcer disease that is intractable to medical management. It is also useful in selected patients with acute duodenal ulcer perforation. We present an overview of the indications for proximal gastric vagotomy, along with its results. The major benefits of proximal gastric vagotomy are low operative mortality and a low incidence of late complications.     

CT appearance of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with pathogenesis of several epithelial neoplasms and lymphoproliferative disorders. A certain percentage of gastric carcinomas are associated with EBV. EBV-associated gastric carcinoma is a distinct entity associated with good prognosis. Multiple carcinomas are highly prevalent in EBV-associated gastric carcinomas, and this warrants thorough endoscopic investigation before determining the extent of surgical resection. Therefore, it is important to consider the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the preoperative CT evaluation of gastric carcinomas. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the CT features of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma. The surgically resected gastric carcinomas at our institution from 1998 to 2004 were reviewed and were examined for the presence of EBV, and 13 EBV-associated gastric carcinoma lesions were found in 10 patients. The preoperative CT scans were reviewed in these patients. Radiologic features that may suggest the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma includes location in the upper part of the stomach, a large thickness-to-width ratio, and a bulky portion projecting from the gastric wall.     

A technique for endo-organ resection of gastric wall tumors using one intragastric trocar

This report describes a new technique for combined laparoscopic and gastroscopic intragastric resection of benign gastric wall tumors. We performed this combined endo-organ procedure in five patients. Endo-organ intragastric resection is only used with posterior gastric wall tumors and tumors located near the cardia and the pylorus. For this approach, only one trocar is placed into the stomach for intragastric introduction of the endostapler. The video gastroscope allows intragastric vision. We recommend our procedure for the extirpation of small, benign, intramural gastric tumors, as a safe and very comfortable method for the patient.