美罗华治疗侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的：探讨美罗华治疗侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效及优越性。方法：回顾性分析我院78例侵袭性B细胞NHL患者治疗情况,其中39例为观察组采用美罗华联合CHOP化疗方案,39例为对照组采用CHOP化疗方案,观察两组近期疗效及不良反应情况,并进行对比分析。结果：观察组CR率和有效率（CR＋PR）率分别为79.49%和92.31%,明显高于对照组的53.85%和64.10%,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：含美罗华的联合化疗方案可提高侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤治疗的临床疗效,且不会增加其不良反应,是目前侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤治疗的一种较佳方案,值得临床推广应用。     

美罗华联合CHOP治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的评价美罗华(Rituximah)联合CHOP(R-CHOP)方案治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的临床疗效及不良反应。方法将60例初治B细胞淋巴瘤患者分为R-CHOP组和CHOP组各30例。R-CHOP组采用R-CHOP方案化疗;CHOP组采用CHOP方案化疗。6个疗程后比较两组的临床疗效及不良反应。结果 R-CHOP组完全缓解率达80%,总有效率90%;CHOP组完全缓解率为60%,总有效率为73.3%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效显著,不良反应与单纯化疗相似,可作为该病目前的首选方案。     

利妥昔单抗联合CHOP化疗方案治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的观察利妥昔单抗(美罗华)联合CHOP化疗方案治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效及安全性。方法将23例B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者随机分为联合组12例和CHOP组11例。联合组采用美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗;CHOP组单用CHOP方案治疗。2组均每3周为1个循环周期,6个周期后观察2组的疗效及不良反应。结果联合组完全缓解率及总有效率略高于CHOP组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访1年后,联合组无进展生存率及总体生存率略优于CHOP组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组所发生的各类不良反应总体严重程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论美罗华联合CHOP化疗方案治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的效果略优于CHOP方案,且与CHOP方案不良反应相当,安全性无差异。     

CHOP联合美罗华治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床研究

目的观察CHOP联合美罗华（R-CHOP）治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的临床疗效及不良反应。方法采用随机对照的方法 ,将72例初治B细胞淋巴瘤患者分R-CHOP组和CHOP组。其中,R-CHOP组36例,采用R-CHOP方案化疗;CHOP组36例,采用CHOP方案化疗。4个疗程后比较2组的临床疗效及不良反应。结果 R-CHOP组完全缓解率77.7%,总有效率91.7%;CHOP组完全缓解率52.7%,总有效率63.9%;2组临床疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论 R-CHOP方案治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效更好,不良反应无增加。     

美罗华联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤46例临床分析

目的 探讨美罗华联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效.方法 选择2004年1月-2009年11月收治于我院的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者92例.随机分为观察组(46例)和对照组(46例),观察组采用美罗华联合CHOP化疗治疗,对照组采用单纯CHOP方案化疗,比较两组治疗效果.结果 观察组总有效率89.1%,对照组总有效率88.7%,比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组不良反应7例,对照组发生8例,比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 美罗华联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤,具有临床疗效好、不良反应少、生存率高等优点.值得推广应用.     

美罗华联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤46例临床分析

目的 探讨美罗华联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效.方法 选择2004年1月-2009年11月收治于我院的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者92例.随机分为观察组(46例)和对照组(46例),观察组采用美罗华联合CHOP化疗治疗,对照组采用单纯CHOP方案化疗,比较两组治疗效果.结果 观察组总有效率89.1%,对照组总有效率88.7%,比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组不良反应7例,对照组发生8例,比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 美罗华联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤,具有临床疗效好、不良反应少、生存率高等优点.值得推广应用.     

美罗华治疗32例弥漫型大B细胞性非何杰金氏淋巴瘤

目的 评价美罗华治疗弥漫型大B细胞性非何杰金氏淋巴瘤DLBCL的临床效果及不良反应。方法 用同期对照的前瞻性研究方法,将68例弥漫型大B细胞性NHL患者分为研究组(美罗华组)和对照组,前组32例用CHOP方案(环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱和强的松)联合美罗华治疗;后组36例单用CHOP方案。每4周循环1个疗程,3～6疗程后作评价。将两组患者按国际淋巴瘤预后因子指数(IPI)分为中低危组和高危组,分析其疗效与预后。全部患者6个疗程后停止治疗,随访观察生存情况。结果 美罗华组完全缓解率(CR)达56.3％,总有效率87.5%;对照组分别为13.9％、63.9%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。美罗华组6、12、24、36月总的生存率分别为96.9％、87.5％、71.9％和65.6％,对照组分别为91.7％、80.6％、58.3％和41.7％(P>0.05)。美罗华组中中低危组的CR及部分缓解率(PR)分别为68.4％、26.3％,高危组分别为38.5%、38.5％(P<0.01);对照组中低危组的CR及PR分别为15.8％、68,4％,高危组则分别为11.8％、29.4％(P<0.001)。结论 美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗DLBCL的疗效显著,3年生存率高,不良反应较单纯化疗少,可作为该病目前的首选方案。     

美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的护理

目的探讨美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的观察及护理方法。方法通过对13例B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者使用美罗华联合CHOP方案进行治疗,化疗前给予心理护理,治疗过程中做好不良反应及毒副作用的观察和护理。结果治疗过程中5例出现发热,1例出现过敏反应,13例均出现不同程度的骨髓抑制。结论正确而恰当的护理可预防和减轻美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗的不良反应及毒副作用的发生,保证治疗的顺利进行,提高治疗效果．     

护理干预对美罗华联合CHOP治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤后临床疗效及不良反应的影响研究

目的研究护理干预对美罗华(Rituximab)联合CHOP(R-CHOP)治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床疗效及不良反应的影响。方法选取2012年1月～2014年1月我院诊断为B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者41例,随机分为对照组20例和观察组21例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予护理干预措施,比较4个疗程后两组患者的疗效、不良反应发生率、护理满意度和生活质量评分。结果观察组患者病情缓解率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,其中恶心呕吐及脱发发生率差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。观察组护理满意度和生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论护理干预措施有助于降低部分不良反应的发生,提高护理满意度和患者的生存质量。     

R-CHOP治疗初治B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的观察美罗华联合CHOP治疗CD20阳性B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效及不良反应。方法回顾性分析2005年1月～2007年1月采用R-CHOP方案治疗46例初治B细胞NHL的疗效、安全性及不良反应。结果完全缓解率为69.5%(32/46),部分缓解率为21.7%(10/46),稳定1例,疾病进展3例。结论 R-CHOP方案治疗CD20阳性初治B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效显著,不良反应小,耐受好。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.