骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的23例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,X线平片检查15例,螺旋CT检查9例,MRI检查6例。4例同时行X线平片和CT检查,3例同时行X线平片和MRI检查。结果:X线、CT表现为骨内邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清楚,有薄层硬化边,3例CT及其三维重建显示病灶与关节腔相通。MRI在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制T2表现为高信号,MRI显示病灶与关节腔相通2例。结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿影像学表现有一定特征,CT及其三维重建对病灶细节显示清晰,可作为首选检查方法。     

腕关节月骨舟骨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的 观察腕关节月骨、舟骨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像特点。方法 分析经手术证实的6例共7处(月骨6处、舟骨1处)腕关节骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线(6例)、CT(4例)和MRI(1例)表现。结果 平片典型表现为月骨、舟骨小的囊变，直径为0．5cm左右。边缘光滑、清楚、硬化。6处病灶位于骨内，骨性关节面完整，囊变与关节腔不相通，1处与关节腔相通。4例CT扫描显示病灶比X线平片清楚。1例在MRT1WI表现为月骨骨内的中低信号灶，边缘硬化，T2WI为略高信号。结论 腕关节月骨、舟骨骨内腱鞘囊肿典型表现为骨内囊状破坏，边界清楚硬化。CT显示病灶比平片清楚。在MRT1WI呈中低信号，T2WI呈中高信号。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线、CT诊断

目的 讨论骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制，临床特征，影像表现，诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的15例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料，男5例，女10例，平均39．7岁。5例只经X线平片检查；10例经CT检查，其中3例还经X线平片检查。病灶共17个，其中髋臼6个，月骨4个，胫骨近端3个，肱骨大结节，股骨头，腕舟状骨，足拇指近节趾骨各1个。结果 （1）8例9个病灶X线表现为骨内部近关节面的类圆形或不规则形囊样透亮区，边缘清楚，有完整，薄层硬化边，相邻关节间隙无改变。（2）10例11个病灶CT显示病灶轮廓呈圆形或类圆形单囊状（8个病灶），花瓣形多房囊状（2个病灶）和单囊样膨胀破坏（1个病灶）3种类型；（3）CT显示1例病灶通过小裂隙与关节腔相通；（4）病灶CT值18－84HU；（5）3个病业内见细小气体密度影。结论 结合发病年龄，病变部位，临床症状和影像学表现，对本病可以作出正确的术前诊断。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及诊断与鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析经手术证实的20例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,均行X线、CT检查,2例行MRI检查.结果:X线、CT表现为邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清晰,18例有完整硬化边,10例病灶内见粗细不均的条状骨性间隔,3个病灶通过裂隙与关节腔相通,CT值20～60 HU,MRI在T2WI和脂肪抑制序列均表现为高信号.结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线、CT典型表现为骨内邻近关节面的囊状破坏,边界清晰硬化,MRI在T2WI和脂肪抑制序列均表现为高信号,结合发病部位和临床症状及影像学表现,对本病可作出正确诊断.     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：评价影像学检查对骨内腱鞘囊肿的诊断价值。方法：对17例经手术病理证实的腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现进行回顾性分析。12例摄了平片,CT检查8例,MRI检查6例。结果：17例骨内腱鞘囊肿中胫骨9例,股骨头3例,月骨2例,距骨、腕舟骨、足趾骨各1例。平片和CT多表现为邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清晰,相邻关节间隙无明显改变。CT显示3个病灶通过裂隙与关节腔相通,CT值20—74HU。MRI检查多表现为长T1、长T2信号特点。结论：骨内腱鞘囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,X线检查简单易行,可作为首选检查方法,CT特别是MRI对骨内腱鞘囊肿诊断较平片有优势,综合影像学检查能提高骨内腱鞘囊肿诊断符合率。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制及临床和影像学表现研究

目的：探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制、临床特点及影像学表现,提高对本病的认识及术前诊断与鉴别诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的28例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像学资料;28例均行x线平片、CT检查,其中16例行MRI检查。结果：28例均为单发病变,共28个病灶,其中股骨头6个,胫骨近端6个,距骨滑车6个．胫骨远端3个,腕月骨3个．股骨远端、髋臼、肱骨近端和腕舟骨各1个。病灶均位于骨内邻近关节面,病灶大小介于0．8cm×1．2cm～2．5cm×2．9cm之间。单房型25例．多房型3例。28个病灶X线平片和CT表现为圆形、类圆形或不规则形囊样低密度区,边缘清晰,均有薄层完整硬化边．相邻关节间隙无明显改变。16个病灶MRIT,wI表现为低到中等信号,TzwI表现为高信号。多房型病灶内有粗细不等的骨性间隔,MRI表现为长T-短T。信号。穿透型15例,表现为病灶通过邻关节面裂隙与关节腔相通或病灶与关节旁软组织腱鞘囊肿相连;特发型13例,表现为骨内单一病灶,骨外结构正常。结论：骨内腱鞘囊肿有其特殊发病部位,影像学表现典型,结合发病年龄和临床症状,可以作出正确的术前诊断。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的 :探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现,以提高其诊断准确率。方法 :回顾性分析经手术证实的15例骨内腱鞘囊肿患者的临床及影像学资料。结果:本组15例中,14例单发,1例双侧对称。16个病灶位于承重关节面下。X线表现圆形或类圆形透亮区,境界清晰,有硬化缘。CT表现为多房、花瓣形透亮区,有明显的硬化边,1例三维重建示病灶与关节腔相通。MRI病灶呈圆形或椭圆形长T_1、T_2信号,病灶周围可见低信号硬化边,1例病灶内见低信号间隔,1例病灶与关节腔相通。结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿特征性的影像学表现,主要有承重关节面下圆形或类圆形骨质破坏,边缘有硬化边,边界清晰。CT对病灶细节显示清晰,可作为首选检查方法,MRI可显示病灶的信号特征、邻近软骨有无受累及与关节关系,有重要的临床价值。     

腕骨内腱鞘囊肿

骨内腱鞘囊肿分为两个基本型:一型为由骨旁的腱鞘囊肿穿透下面的骨形成的,另一型则起白骨内。骨内腱鞘囊肿的定义为“一种位于邻关节软骨下骨的良性、囊性、由纤维组织形成的多房状、粘液性病变”。在常规X线片上表现为边缘清析、周围硬化的溶骨区。此项研究的目的在于:①明确指出骨内腱鞘囊肿是无法解释腕痛的一种常见原因。②评价有助于解决此闲难诊断的影像学方法。 作者收集了400例具有无法解释的腕痛患者(男268例,女132例,年龄18～52岁)。所有患者均     

髋周骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学诊断

①目的：探讨髋周骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线和CT表现及其诊断价值。②方法：回顾性阅读经病理证实的14例髋周骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线平片和CT片。③结果：14例病人X线平片显示14个病灶，CT显示17个病灶。CT显示病灶长径0．5-2．4cm，边界清楚，有薄层硬化缘。其中9个病灶紧邻股骨头承重区关节面下，2个病灶位于股骨头中心部，6个病灶位于髋臼顶前唇交界处。15个病灶呈圆形和类圆形2个位于股骨头中心者呈花瓣样多囊状。9个病灶为软组织或液体密度，6个病灶为气体和软组织或液体密度并存，2个病灶为单纯气体密度。④结论：X线检查简单易行，可作为髋周骨内腱鞘囊肿的首选影像学检查方法。CT对病灶有更高的检出率，并可对多数病人做出诊断。     

关节滑膜结核的X线、CT及MRI表现

目的分析关节滑膜结核的X线、CT及MRI表现，探讨MRI在早期关节滑膜结核诊断中的作用。方法回顾分析14例经手术病理证实的关节滑膜结核的影像学资料并进行总结。14例均行常规X线正侧位摄片及MR平扫，其中3例（膝关节2例、肘关节1例）同时行CT平扫。结果X线表现：14例中关节肿胀8例，关节间隙变窄7例，关节骨质破坏4例。CT表现：3例均显关节囊肿胀、积液。2例关节面见小破坏灶，内见点状死骨。MRI表现：14例病变关节均表现为滑膜不同程度增生肥厚，其中8例见增生滑膜呈结节状、团块状，增厚滑膜在T1WI均呈低信号，T2WI上为不均匀略高信号7例，较明显高信号6例，1例T2WI上呈中等偏低信号。关节内及关节周围积液7例。关节面边缘破坏7例。关节软骨变薄，部分或大部分破坏消失11例。关节骨端邻近骨质骨髓水肿7例。结论MRI对滑膜结核的早期诊断、鉴别诊断帮助较大，优于X线和CT。     

成人肺内支气管源性囊肿的CT表现

目的 分析成人肺内支气管源性囊肿的CT表现特点。 方法 回顾性分析2014年2月至2019年12月于天津市胸科医院经组织病理学检查结果证实为肺内支气管源性囊肿的46例患者的影像学资料,其中男性25例、女性21例,年龄23~74（48.3±8.1）岁。所有患者均行CT平扫检查,其中31例患者同时行增强CT检查。根据CT表现特点分析患者肺内病变的部位、数量、周围的肺组织改变及合并症等。 结果 46例患者中,42例为单发、4例为多发（3例位于同侧肺的不同肺叶,1例位于双肺）。所有患者中CT表现为含液囊肿的有16例、含气囊肿10例、蜂窝及肿块样囊肿20例。囊肿周围肺改变以小索条、肺透过度增高、肺不张及实变为主,分别有24例、18例、25例。术后组织病理学检查结果证实支气管源性囊肿病灶无合并症20个、合并曲霉菌感染12个、其他感染10个、结核6个、肿瘤（类癌）1个。 结论 CT图像所示的成人肺内支气管源性囊肿的含液、含气囊肿具有圆形或类圆形形态,其内为单纯液体或气体,具有一定的鉴别诊断价值。当形成蜂窝及肿块样囊肿时,需要与肺结核、肺癌等相鉴别。     

Tailgut cysts: MRI findings

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of 11 surgically resected pelvic tailgut cysts were analyzed with reference to histopathologic and clinical data. Homogeneity, size, location, signal intensity, appearance and presence of septa and/or nodules and/or peripheral rim and involvement of surrounding structures were studied. Histological examination demonstrated 11 tailgut cysts (TGC), including one infected TGC and one TGC with a component of adenocarcinoma. Lesions (3–8 cm in diameter) were exclusively or partly retrorectal in all cases but one, with an extension down the anal canal in five cases. Lesions were multicystic in all patients but one. On T1-weighted MR images, all cystic lesions contained at least one hyperintense cyst. The peripheral rim of the cystic lesion was regular and non or moderately enhancing in all cases but the two complicated TGC. Nodular peripheral rim and irregular septa were seen in the degenerated TGC. Marked enhancement of the peripheral structures was noted in the two complicated TGC. Pelvic MRI is a valuable tool in the preoperative evaluation of TGC.     

Imaging features of intraosseous ganglia: a report of 45 cases

The aim of this study is to report the spectrum of imaging findings of intraosseous ganglia (IG) with particular emphasis on the radiographic and magnetic resonance (MR) features. Forty-five patients with a final diagnosis of IG were referred to a specialist orthopaedic oncology service with the presumptive diagnosis of either a primary or secondary bone tumour. The diagnosis was established by histology in 25 cases. In the remainder, the imaging features were considered characteristic and the lesion was stable on follow-up radiographic examination. Radiographs were available for retrospective review in all cases and MR imaging in 29. There was a minor male preponderance with a wide adult age range. Three quarters were found in relation to the weight-bearing long bones of the lower limb, particularly round the knee. On radiographs all were juxta-articular and osteolytic; 74% were eccentric in location, 80% had a sclerotic endosteal margin and 60% of cases showed a degree of trabeculation. Periosteal new bone formation and matrix mineralization were not present. Of the 29 cases that underwent MR imaging, 66% were multiloculated. On T1-weighted images the IG contents were isointense or mildly hypointense in 90% cases. Forty-one per cent of the cases showed a slightly hyperintense rim lining that enhanced with a gadolinium chelate. Thirty-eight per cent were associated with soft tissue extension and 17% with a defect of the adjacent articular cortex. Fifty-five per cent showed surrounding marrow oedema on T2-weighted or STIR images and two cases (7%) a fluid-fluid level prior to any surgical intervention. The authors contend that it is semantics to differentiate between an IG and a degenerate subchondral cyst as, while the initial pathogenesis may vary, the histological endpoint is identical, as are the imaging features apart from the degree of associated degenerative joint disease. IGs, particularly when large, may be mistaken for a bone tumour. Correlation of the typical radiographic and MR imaging features will indicate the correct diagnosis and obviate the need for biopsy.     

邻关节骨囊肿的影像诊断

目的 探讨邻关节骨囊肿(骨内腱鞘囊肿)的影像表现特征.方法 对经病理证实的54例邻关节囊肿影像表现进行回顾性分析.46例行X线平片检查,30例行CT检查,14例行MR检查.结果 54例邻关节骨囊肿位于踝关节27例(含多发),膝关节16例,髋关节7例,位于肱骨近端、尺骨近端、大多角骨及第1趾骨近节近端各1例;其中多发1例(距骨和胫骨远端).病变位于踝关节及膝关节共43例44个病变,其中位于内侧关节而下29个病变(65.9%).44例为类圆形单房状溶骨病变,10例呈多房状,内有分隔,均有轻度的硬化边.15例关节面有中断,与关节腔相通,1例关节面塌陷,3例病变内见气体密度,1例见液.液平面.具体为:(1)46例47个病灶x线表现为骨内邻近关节面的圆形、半圆形或不规则囊样透亮区,边缘清晰、硬化,6个病灶相邻关节面可见裂隙,关节间隙无改变;(2)30例30个病灶CT表现为19个病灶呈圆形、3个呈半圆1形、8个呈不规则形,边缘骨质硬化,14个病灶相邻关节面可见裂隙,27个病灶密度均匀,3个病灶内可见气体;(3)14例共15个病灶MR T1WI表现为低到中等信号,T2WI为高信号,1例见液-液平面,8个病变近关节而骨质断裂,7例见软组织肿胀.结论 邻近关节的特殊发病部位结合典型影像表现,对邻关节囊肿能够作出正确的影像诊断.     

支气管囊肿的影像诊断

目的探讨支气管囊肿的影像学表现。方法收集我院经手术、病理证实的32例支气管囊肿,对其影像学表现进行回顾性分析。结果纵隔型支气管囊肿4例,均为含液囊肿。肺内型支气管囊肿28例,含气液支气管囊肿22例,含气支气管囊肿6例,直径1~10cm,2例合并有脓胸,4例合并肺发育不全,1例合并有支气管胸膜瘘。支气管囊肿壁薄,呈圆形或类圆形,合并感染者周围有片状浸润影,壁模糊;多发者呈卷发状、蜂窝状或囊状阴影。结论支气管囊肿的影像学检查,首选普通X线,CT扫描可显著提高对复杂病变的显示效果。     

Extra-articular soft tissue ganglion cyst around the knee: focus on the associated findings

The aim of this study was to evaluate MR imaging findings of the associated findings in surrounding tissues of the extra-articular soft tissue ganglion cysts around the knee. We retrospectively reviewed MR images of 30 patients who had surgically confirmed extra-articular soft tissue ganglion cysts around the knee with focus on the associated findings in surrounding tissues, such as muscle, subcutaneous fat, bone, and nerve. The most common associated finding was the visualization of channel between ganglion cyst and the joint, which was demonstrated in 20 cases (continuous type in 12 cases and discontinuous type in 8 cases). Other associated findings were seen in 15 cases; pericystic edema (n=9), bony remodelling (n=3), and nerve involvement (n=3). The bony remodelling involved the proximal metaphysis of tibia in all 3 cases. Two patients with nerve involvement had deep peroneal nerve in subacute phase and one involved common peroneal nerve in chronic phase. The MR imaging is a useful imaging modality to evaluate the associated findings in extra-articular soft tissue ganglion cysts around the knee. The evaluation of these associated findings is helpful for the differentiation of ganglion cysts from other cystic lesions around the knee.     

肌肉软组织包虫囊肿的CT诊断

目的 探讨原发性肌肉软组织包虫囊肿的CT表现.资料与方法 分析11例经手术病理证实的肌肉软组织包虫囊肿的CT表现.结果 11例中,发生在颈部3例,胸壁2例,腰大肌3例,背部1例,腹壁1例,臀部1例;其中单发6例,多发5例,共17枚病灶.CT平扫均表现为单囊型包虫囊肿,呈圆形或卵圆形囊性低密度肿物, 密度均匀,接近水的密度, 边缘光滑清楚,周围组织有受压、推移改变.增强扫描囊肿无强化.结论 CT可显示肌肉软组织包虫囊肿的部位、大小、形态和内部特征.     

先天性支气管囊肿的影像诊断

目的：探讨先天性支气管囊肿的影像学表现特征。方法：回顾性分析24例经手术病理证实的先天性支气管囊肿的 CT 和 MRI 图像。18例行 CT 增强扫描,6例行 CT 平扫,其中5例加行 MRI 平扫,2例行 PET-CT 扫描。结果：24例先天性支气管囊肿包括肺内型5例和纵隔型19例。病灶呈圆形、椭圆形、“D”字形或分叶形;11例病变位于典型部位,包括右侧气管7例和隆突下4例;13例病变位于不典型部位,包括前纵隔4例、食管旁2例、脊柱旁1例、心包旁1例和两下肺5例。以 CT 值20 HU 为囊、实性病变分界值,5例为囊性（CT 值＜20 HU）,19例为实性（CT 值＞20 HU）;边缘钙化3例;内部分层4例。病变 T1 WI 呈低、等或高信号,T2 WI 均呈显著高信号,3例显示分层。24例中误诊10例,术前诊断符合率为58．3％。结论：先天性支气管囊肿的 CT 和 MRI 表现特征有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断,并指导进一步的治疗。     

Unique MR spectroscopic finding in colloid-like cyst

Cysts morphologically identical to colloid cysts are rarely reported to be located in areas outside the third ventricle. We report the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopic findings in three patients with colloid like cyst located in the ponto-medullary, pre-pontine cistern and suprasellar region. The MR imaging and spectroscopy performed on a 1.5-tesla scanner in three female patients revealed T1 hyperintense mass lesions. A large dominant metabolite peak at 2.0-ppm chemical shift, simulating N-acetylaspartate (NAA) of normal neuronal tissue was detected within the lesion.This peak is probably due to the presence of glycoproteins secreted by the ciliated columnar epithelium lining these cysts. MR spectroscopy of colloid cyst has not been described in the literature and hence the findings in this study will help in the diagnosis of this cystic lesion especially when located at unusual location. The signal characteristics of these cysts in various sequences including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) are also discussed.